1.2 Detalles de contacto de las personas de referencia e instituciones involucradas en la evaluación y la documentación de la Tecnología

Nombre de la(s) institución(es) que facilitaron la documentación/ evaluación de la Tecnología (si fuera relevante)

FAO Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO Food and Agriculture Organization) - Italia

1.3 Condiciones referidas al uso de datos documentados mediante WOCAT

¿Cuándo se compilaron los datos (en el campo)?

05/12/2008

El compilador y la/s persona(s) de referencia claves aceptan las condiciones acerca del uso de los datos documentados mediante WOCAT:

Sí

2.1 Breve descripción de la Tecnología

Definición de la Tecnología:

Earth embankment formed by digging a channel and pile the soil to form a ridge on which potato is planted.

2.2 Descripción detallada de la Tecnología

Descripción:

Sweet potato ridge are constructed from the soil dug out of the furrow. Farmers make the furrow and ridge by dengora and a hoe. In some cases oxen scoop are used to move the soil and form the embankment. Sweet potato is planted by cuttings. It is often planted during the end of the main rainy season. There are different methods employed in making ridge and furrows. The furrows are meant to collect rain water and the cuttings of sweet potato planted on the ridge. The plant benefits from the soil water stored by the farrows. It has deep roots that go deep insearch of soil water. Water could also move up by capillary movement. Forming the ridges and basin is quite labours. The ridges are frequently made new and in some cases the former ridges and furrows are maintained. The technology suits to sub-humid and semi arid agro-ecological zones having sandy loam soils.

2.5 País/ región/ lugares donde la Tecnología fue aplicada y que se hallan comprendidos por esta evaluación

2.6 Fecha de la implementación

Si no se conoce el año preciso, indique la fecha aproximada:

• hace más de 50 años atrás (tradicional)

2.7 Introducción de la Tecnología

Especifique cómo se introdujo la Tecnología:

• como parte de un sistema tradicional (> 50 años)

Comentarios (tipo de proyecto, etc.):

Originated locally from long term experiences and improvments

3.1 Propósito(s) principal(es) de la Tecnología MST

• mejorar la producción

3.2 Tipo(s) actuales de uso de la tierra donde se aplica la Tecnología

Comentarios:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Soil mositure stress, erosion and over population.
Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Shortage of rains, lack of finance for purchasing improved seeds and fertilizers.
Type of cropping system and major crops comments: Sorghum-Sweet Potato-Maize-Legumes

3.3 Información adicional sobre el uso de tierras

Provisión de agua para la tierra donde se aplica la Tecnología:

• de secano

Número de temporadas de cultivo por año:

• 1

Especifique:

Longest growing period in days: 21 0Longest growing period from month to month: May - Nov

3.4 Grupo MST al que pertenece la Tecnología

• cosecha de agua
• Manejo de irrigación: (incl. provisión de agua, invernaderos)
• diversión y drenaje de agua

3.5 Difusión de la Tecnología

Especifique la difusión de la Tecnología:

• distribuida parejamente sobre un área

Si la tecnología se halla difundida homogéneamente en un área, indique el área aproximada que cubre:

• 100-1,000 km2

3.6 Medidas MST que componen la Tecnología

3.7 Principales tipos de degradación del suelo encarados con la Tecnología

Comentarios:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content

Main causes of degradation: deforestation / removal of natural vegetation (incl. forest fires), overgrazing, poverty / wealth (lack of captial)

Secondary causes of degradation: over-exploitation of vegetation for domestic use, other human induced causes (specify) (agricultural causes), education, access to knowledge and support services (lack of knowledge)

3.8 Prevención, reducción o restauración de la degradación del suelo

Especifique la meta de la Tecnología con relación a la degradación de la tierra:

• prevenir la degradación del suelo
• reducir la degradación del suelo

4.1 Dibujo técnico de la Tecnología

4.2 Especificaciones técnicas/ explicaciones del dibujo técnico

Oromia

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate

Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate

Main technical functions: increase of infiltration, increase / maintain water stored in soil, water harvesting / increase water supply

Secondary technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: retain / trap, reduction of slope length, increase in soil fertility

Better crop cover
Material/ species: Sweet potato
Quantity/ density: 20000-2500
Remarks: along the contour

Mixed cropping / intercropping
Material/ species: maize, sorghum, chat
Remarks: row and broadcast

Contour planting / strip cropping
Material/ species: Sorghum, chat

Cover cropping
Material/ species: Sorghum, chat, maize

Green manure
Material/ species: Sweet potato

Aligned: -contour
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs, F : fruit trees / shrubs, C : perennial crops
Number of plants per (ha): 1500
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.2
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 2.5
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 2
Width within rows / strips / blocks (m): 2.5

Trees/ shrubs species: some accacia trees

Fruit trees / shrubs species: apple, mango

Perennial crops species: chat

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 3.00%

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is (see figure below): 3.00%

Gradient along the rows / strips: 0.00%

Retention/infiltration ditch/pit, sediment/sand trap
Spacing between structures (m): 1.5-2
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.2-0.5
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.5-1
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 50-70

Structural measure: Ridge and furrows
Spacing between structures (m): 2-3
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.3-0.6
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.51
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 50-70

Construction material (earth): Soil dug is embanked to form the ridge

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 3%

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is: 3%

Lateral gradient along the structure: 0%

For water harvesting: the ratio between the area where the harvested water is applied and the total area from which water is collected is: 1:1

4.3 Información general sobre el cálculo de insumos y costos

otra / moneda nacional (especifique):

Birr

Indique la tasa de cambio de USD a la moneda local (si fuese relevante): 1 USD =:

8,6

4.4 Actividades de establecimiento

	Actividad	Tipo de medida	Momento
1.	Seed bed preparation	Vegetativas	dry season
2.	Pitting	Vegetativas	after rain
3.	Manuring	Vegetativas	all season
4.	Planting	Vegetativas	during rains
5.	Cultivation	Vegetativas	during rains
6.	Excavation (furrow formation)	Estructurales	dry period
7.	Embankment (ridge forming)	Estructurales
8.	Planting sweet potato	Estructurales	rainy season

4.5 Costos e insumos necesarios para el establecimiento

	Especifique insumo	Unidad	Cantidad	Costos por unidad	Costos totales por insumo	% de los costos cubiertos por los usuarios de las tierras
Mano de obra	Labour	ha	1,0	73,0	73,0	100,0
Equipo	Animal traction	ha	1,0	35,0	35,0	100,0
Material para plantas	Seedlings	ha	1,0	25,0	25,0	100,0
Fertilizantes y biocidas	Compost/manure	ha	1,0	50,0	50,0	100,0
Costos totales para establecer la Tecnología					183,0

4.6 Actividades de establecimiento/ recurrentes

	Actividad	Tipo de medida	Momento/ frequencia
1.	Tillage	Agronómicas	dry season / each cropping season
2.	Harrowing	Agronómicas	dry season / each cropping season
3.	Contour ridging	Agronómicas	dry season / each cropping season
4.	Planting	Agronómicas	rainy season / each cropping season
5.	Cultivation	Agronómicas	rainy season / 2-3
6.	Reconstructing basins, ridges and tie	Vegetativas	dry eason /
7.	Applying more manure	Vegetativas	all season /
8.	Repair of ridges and furrows	Estructurales	before planting/1
9.	Placing of fertile soil on the ridges	Estructurales	before planting/2
10.	Applying manure during cultivation	Estructurales	after planting/1

4.7 Costos e insumos necesarios para actividades de mantenimiento/ recurrentes (por año)

Comentarios:

Total labour expended to till the land, pulverize it, harrow and making of the ridges. The cost further include the monetary estimate of manuring the land and purchasing of the sweet potato cuttings, assuming these are purchased from market.

4.8 Factores más determinantes que afectan los costos:

Describa los factores más determinantes que afectan los costos:

Soil dryness and texture-light soils are very simple for opration and the least cost is incurred. Loam soils are good soils with moderate cost of investment.

5.1 Clima

5.2 Topografía

Comentarios y especificaciones adicionales sobre topografía :

Altitudinal zone: 1001-1500 m a.s.l. (ranked 1), 1501-2000 m a.s.l. (ranked 2) and 2001-2500 m a.s.l. (ranked 3)
Landforms: Also hill slopes (ranked 2)
Slopes on average: Also gentle (ranked 2) and moderate (ranked 3)

5.3 Suelos

Si se halla disponible, adjunte una descripción completa de los suelos o especifique la información disponible, por ej., tipo de suelo, pH/ acidez de suelo, capacidad de intercambio catiónico, nitrógeno, salinidad, etc. :

Soil depth on average: Also Deep and shallow (both ranked 2)
Soil fertility: Medium
Soil drainage/infiltration: Good (ranked 1) and medium (ranked 2)
Soil water storage capacity: Medium

5.6 Las características de los usuarios de la tierra que aplican la Tecnología

Indique otras características relevantes de los usuarios de las tierras:

Population density: 200-500 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 2% - 3%
25% of the land users are rich and own 30% of the land.
50% of the land users are average wealthy and own 50% of the land.
25% of the land users are poor and own 20% of the land.
Level of mechanization: Animal traction (sweet potato is mostly planted on level and gentle slopes and hence land preparation is made largely by oxen, ranked 1) and manual work (ranked 2)
Market orientation: Subsistence (ranked 1, most part consumed at home) and mixed (ranked 2, small portion of the sweet potato is sold at market)

5.7 Área promedio de la tierra que pertenece a o es arrendada por usuarios de tierra que aplican la Tecnología

5.8 Tenencia de tierra, uso de tierra y derechos de uso de agua

Tenencia de tierra:

• estado

Derechos de uso de tierra:

• individual

6.1 Impactos in situ demostrados por la Tecnología

Impactos socioeconómicos

Producción

Ingreso y costos

Impactos socioculturales

Impactos ecológicos

Ciclo de agua/ escurrimiento de sedimento

Suelo

Otros impactos ecológicos

6.2 Impactos fuera del sitio demostrados por la Tecnología

6.4 Análisis costo-beneficio

¿Cómo se comparan los beneficios con los costos de establecimiento (desde la perspectiva de los usuarios de tierra)?

¿Cómo se comparan los beneficios con los costos de mantenimiento/ recurrentes (desde la perspectiva de los usuarios de tierra)?

6.5 Adopción de la Tecnología

Comentarios:

85% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

100% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

There is a strong trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: more farmers are practicing the technology

6.7 Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades de la Tecnología

Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades desde la perspectiva del usuario de la tierra
Improve production How can they be sustained / enhanced? Use of high yielding varieties and fertilizers
Reduces risk of crop failure How can they be sustained / enhanced? Encourage more crop type

Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades desde la perspectiva del compilador o de otra persona de referencia clave
Efficiently controls soil erosion How can they be sustained / enhanced? The ridges retard surface flow and the furrow provide space for rain water storage
Allows maximum storage of rain water
Improves water storage capacity of soils How can they be sustained / enhanced? Sweet potato improves the soil structure by initiating microbial activities
Reduces evapotranspiration rate of soil moisture How can they be sustained / enhanced? Sweet potato provide dense ground cover and hence reduce evapotranspiration losses
Improves soil fertility How can they be sustained / enhanced? Sweet potato is naturally a soil fertility enhancing crop.