1.3 Condiciones referidas al uso de datos documentados mediante WOCAT

¿Cuándo se compilaron los datos (en el campo)?

12/03/2004

El compilador y la/s persona(s) de referencia claves aceptan las condiciones acerca del uso de los datos documentados mediante WOCAT:

Sí

2.1 Breve descripción de la Tecnología

Definición de la Tecnología:

Holistic demonstration includes integrated cultivation of Agri-Horti-Silvi technologies. Along with the Soil & water Conservation structures suitable to the site.

2.2 Descripción detallada de la Tecnología

Descripción:

Holistic demonstration was taken in the upper reach, middle reach and lower reach (2 hectares each) in a village in the watershed. The demonstration units includes soil & water consercvation structures also. Crop demonstration with integrated pest management, seed treatment, pitcher irrigation practices, varietal trails were implemented to increase the overall per capita income of the farmer. However, the suitable SWC was according to the site of lower reach/ upper reach or middle reach. The plot was accommodated with suitable field crops, horticultural species either on the bunds or in the fiels itself and some fodder crops, some forestry species etc.

Purpose of the Technology: The demonstration units now serve as the units of awareness brining in understanding the holistic approach and also to encourage the other farmers to replicate the same in their fields.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: (1) site selection with concerned farmer, (2) design and preparation of estimates by the project staff, (3) discussion with the VWDC and community, (4) discussion regarding contribution with the farmer (5) layout and construction by the project staff with the contribution from the concerned farmers.

Natural / human environment: This technology was taken up in the semi arid condition and in the erratic rainfall conditin.

2.3 Fotografías de la Tecnología

2.5 País/ región/ lugares donde la Tecnología fue aplicada y que se hallan comprendidos por esta evaluación

2.6 Fecha de la implementación

Si no se conoce el año preciso, indique la fecha aproximada:

• hace más de 50 años atrás (tradicional)

2.7 Introducción de la Tecnología

Especifique cómo se introdujo la Tecnología:

• mediante proyectos/ intervenciones externas

Comentarios (tipo de proyecto, etc.):

Mainly from the SWC specialist

3.1 Propósito(s) principal(es) de la Tecnología MST

• mejorar la producción
• reducir, prevenir, restaurar la degradación del suelo

3.2 Tipo(s) actuales de uso de la tierra donde se aplica la Tecnología

Comentarios:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Crop land : Low yields due to erosion, less soil moisture, shallow to medium soils. Poor and erratic rainfall, water holding capacity is less.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Crop land - Uncertain rainfall, more soil loss and poor yields.

Semi-nomadism / pastoralism: the village cattle are let free for grazing on the common land for some time in the day and they go back and then I is again stall feeding.

Plantation forestry: Yes

Other type of forest: others (scattered)

Type of cropping system and major crops comments: During kharif (monsoon) season the main crop is redgram (Tur), in addition few cereals were taken, followed by jowar in the major rabi (post-monsoon) crop. No cultivation was o\bserved in summer, farmer are now cultivating vegetable and fruit crop,

3.3 Información adicional sobre el uso de tierras

Provisión de agua para la tierra donde se aplica la Tecnología:

• de secano

Comentarios:

Water supply: Also mixed rainfed - irrigated and post-flooding (both ranked 2)

Número de temporadas de cultivo por año:

• 2

Especifique:

Longest growing period in days: 120 Longest growing period from month to month: Jun - Oct Second longest growing period in days: 120 Second longest growing period from month to month: Nov - Feb

3.4 Grupo MST al que pertenece la Tecnología

• perturbación mínima del suelo
• manejo integrado de pestes y enfermedades (incl. agricultura orgánica)
• Manejo de irrigación: (incl. provisión de agua, invernaderos)

3.5 Difusión de la Tecnología

Especifique la difusión de la Tecnología:

• distribuida parejamente sobre un área

Si la tecnología se halla difundida homogéneamente en un área, indique el área aproximada que cubre:

• < 0.1 km2 (10 ha)

Comentarios:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 0.12 km2.

The technology area comprises of 2 ha area each in upper reach, middle reach and lower reach in a village of the watershed. In this area cultivation of agri-horti-silvi practices, agronomic trials, in-situ conservation etc were taken with active involvement of the the farmers.

3.6 Medidas MST que componen la Tecnología

3.7 Principales tipos de degradación del suelo encarados con la Tecnología

Comentarios:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wg: gully erosion / gullying

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion

Main causes of degradation: other natural causes (avalanches, volcanic eruptions, mud flows, highly susceptible natural resources, extreme topography, etc.) specify, poverty / wealth (lack of captial)

Secondary causes of degradation: other human induced causes (specify) (other (migration)), labour availability (lack of labour, cost of labour), education, access to knowledge and support services (lack of knowledge)

3.8 Prevención, reducción o restauración de la degradación del suelo

Especifique la meta de la Tecnología con relación a la degradación de la tierra:

• reducir la degradación del suelo
• restaurar/ rehabilitar tierra severamente degradada

Comentarios:

Main goals: mitigation / reduction of land degradation

Secondary goals: rehabilitation / reclamation of denuded land

4.1 Dibujo técnico de la Tecnología

4.2 Especificaciones técnicas/ explicaciones del dibujo técnico

Lower Reach holistic demonstration plot showing various soil & moisture conservation structures, field crops and bund stabilization by vegetation.

Location: Bennur-B nala watershed Chitapur taluk. Chitapur taluk, Gulbarga District (Karnataka state

Date: 20.4.2004

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: high

Technical knowledge required for land users: high

Main technical functions: increase in organic matter, water harvesting / increase water supply, increase in soil fertility

Secondary technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: retain / trap, control of concentrated runoff: retain / trap, improvement of ground cover, sediment retention / trapping, sediment harvesting

Mixed cropping / intercropping
Material/ species: saplings
Quantity/ density: 100
Remarks: layout

Contour planting / strip cropping
Material/ species: sapplings
Quantity/ density: 360
Remarks: layout

Legume inter-planting
Quantity/ density: 200
Remarks: layout

Agronomic measure: others (vermicompost)
Material/ species: material

Minimum tillage
Remarks: material

Aligned: -contour
Vegetative material: G : grass
Number of plants per (ha): 100
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 1
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.5

Scattered / dispersed
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs
Number of plants per (ha): 500

Trees/ shrubs species: Neem, Glyricdia, Pongamia, Bamboo

Fruit trees / shrubs species: Mango. Tamarind, Lime, Sapota, Clustard apple

Grass species: Napiar

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 3.00%

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is (see figure below): 2.00%

Gradient along the rows / strips: 1.00%

Dam/ pan/ pond
Vertical interval between structures (m): 4
Spacing between structures (m): 50
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 3
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 12
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 12
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 3
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 12
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 12

Bund/ bank: semi-circular/V shaped trapezoidal
Vertical interval between structures (m): 4
Spacing between structures (m): 50
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 3
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 50
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.9
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 3
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 50

Structural measure: pit, sediment sand / trap
Vertical interval between structures (m): 1
Spacing between structures (m): 30-40
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.3
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.3
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 6
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.9
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 3
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 50

Structural measure: other (brushwood dam)
Vertical interval between structures (m): 1
Spacing between structures (m): 80
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 1
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 6
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.9
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 0
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 0

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 1%

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is: 2%

Lateral gradient along the structure: 1%

For water harvesting: the ratio between the area where the harvested water is applied and the total area from which water is collected is: 1:10

Vegetation is used for stabilisation of structures.

Change of land use type: Multidimensional participatory holistic farming system, fallow to cultivable land

4.3 Información general sobre el cálculo de insumos y costos

otra / moneda nacional (especifique):

Rupees

Indique la tasa de cambio de USD a la moneda local (si fuese relevante): 1 USD =:

46,0

4.4 Actividades de establecimiento

	Actividad	Tipo de medida	Momento
1.	Digging of pits	Vegetativas	Sumer
2.	Procurement of seed/ seedlings	Vegetativas	Before rainy season
3.	Sowing of grass, shrub seeds	Vegetativas	After first shower
4.	Planting of sappling	Vegetativas	After first shower
5.	Survey/ layout	Estructurales	April
6.	Excavation of ditches	Estructurales	may
7.	Transportation of stones to the site	Estructurales	May
8.	Construction of bunds, farm pond	Estructurales	may
9.	Construction of brushwood dam, doh	Estructurales	June
10.	Training, capacity building of the farmer	Manejo	february - March
11.	Establishment of sructural measures	Manejo	April-June
12.	establishment of vegetative measures	Manejo	July-September

4.5 Costos e insumos necesarios para el establecimiento

	Especifique insumo	Unidad	Cantidad	Costos por unidad	Costos totales por insumo	% de los costos cubiertos por los usuarios de las tierras
Mano de obra	Labour	ha	1,0	510,0	510,0	10,0
Material para plantas	Seeds	ha	1,0	114,0	114,0	3,0
Material para plantas	Seedlings	ha	1,0	169,0	169,0	74,0
Fertilizantes y biocidas	fertilizer	ha	1,0	157,0	157,0
Fertilizantes y biocidas	Biocides	ha	1,0	76,0	76,0
Fertilizantes y biocidas	Compost/manure	ha	1,0	15,0	15,0	10,0
Material de construcción	Stone	ha	1,0	110,0	110,0	3,0
Material de construcción	Wood	ha	1,0	10,0	10,0	3,0
Material de construcción	Earth	ha	1,0	26,0	26,0	2,0
Otros	Pitcher pots	ha	1,0	72,0	72,0
Costos totales para establecer la Tecnología					1259,0

Comentarios:

Duration of establishment phase: 36 month(s)

4.6 Actividades de establecimiento/ recurrentes

	Actividad	Tipo de medida	Momento/ frequencia
1.	Mulching	Agronómicas	Summer / each cropping season
2.	Across slope ploughing	Agronómicas	Summer / each cropping season
3.	In-situ maisture conservation	Agronómicas	before sowing /
4.	Watering	Vegetativas	summer /once in 10 days
5.	Weeding, mulching	Vegetativas	2-3 months after planting /twice in a year
6.	Re-seeding of grass/ shrub	Vegetativas	before first shower /up to 2 years
7.	casualty replacement	Vegetativas	before first shower /1, 2, and 3rd years
8.	fencing	Vegetativas	during sumer period /every summer season of 2nd, 3rd and 4th year
9.	Repair of breaches in bund	Estructurales	July to september/as required
10.	Desilting of traps	Estructurales	October-November/annual
11.	Refresher interaction with farmer	Manejo	/ seasonally
12.	Rgular meetings	Manejo	/ as and when required

4.7 Costos e insumos necesarios para actividades de mantenimiento/ recurrentes (por año)

	Especifique insumo	Unidad	Cantidad	Costos por unidad	Costos totales por insumo	% de los costos cubiertos por los usuarios de las tierras
Mano de obra	Labour	ha	1,0	51,0	51,0	100,0
Material para plantas	Seeds	ha	1,0	11,1	11,1	100,0
Material para plantas	Seedlings	ha	1,0	16,9	16,9	100,0
Fertilizantes y biocidas	Fertilizer	ha	1,0	15,7	15,7
Fertilizantes y biocidas	Biocides	ha	1,0	7,6	7,6
Material de construcción	Stone	ha	1,0	11,0	11,0	100,0
Material de construcción	Wood	ha	1,0	1,0	1,0	100,0
Material de construcción	Earth	ha	1,0	2,6	2,6	100,0
Otros	Pitcher pots	ha	1,0	7,2	7,2	100,0
Indique los costos totales para mantenecer la Tecnología					124,1

4.8 Factores más determinantes que afectan los costos:

Describa los factores más determinantes que afectan los costos:

Non availability of stones, boulders

5.1 Clima

5.2 Topografía

Comentarios y especificaciones adicionales sobre topografía :

Altitudinal zone: 101-500 m a.s.l. (422.8 m a.s.l.)
Landforms: Plateu/plains (3-4% slope, ranked 1), ridges (ranked 2)
Slopes on average: Gentle (3-4%)

5.3 Suelos

Si se halla disponible, adjunte una descripción completa de los suelos o especifique la información disponible, por ej., tipo de suelo, pH/ acidez de suelo, capacidad de intercambio catiónico, nitrógeno, salinidad, etc. :

Soil depth on average: Moderately deep (60 cm, ranked 1) and deep (ranked 2)
Soil fertility: Medium (eroded soils)
Topsoil organic matter: Low (absence of vegetation)
Soil drainage/infiltration: Poor (high run-off from stony surface)
Soil water storage capacity: Very low

5.6 Las características de los usuarios de la tierra que aplican la Tecnología

Indique otras características relevantes de los usuarios de las tierras:

Population density: 50-100 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 0.5% - 1%
7% of the land users are average wealthy and own 26% of the land.
65% of the land users are poor and own 58% of the land.
28% of the land users are poor and own 16% of the land.
Off-farm income specification: Off season employment

5.7 Área promedio de la tierra que pertenece a o es arrendada por usuarios de tierra que aplican la Tecnología

5.8 Tenencia de tierra, uso de tierra y derechos de uso de agua

Tenencia de tierra:

• individual, con título

Derechos de uso de tierra:

• individual

6.1 Impactos in situ demostrados por la Tecnología

Impactos socioeconómicos

Producción

Ingreso y costos

Impactos socioculturales

Impactos ecológicos

Suelo

Biodiversidad: vegetación, animales

Reducción de riesgos de desastres y riesgos climáticos

Otros impactos ecológicos

6.2 Impactos fuera del sitio demostrados por la Tecnología

6.4 Análisis costo-beneficio

¿Cómo se comparan los beneficios con los costos de establecimiento (desde la perspectiva de los usuarios de tierra)?

¿Cómo se comparan los beneficios con los costos de mantenimiento/ recurrentes (desde la perspectiva de los usuarios de tierra)?

6.5 Adopción de la Tecnología

Si tiene la información disponible, cuantifique (número de hogares y/o área cubierta):

452

De todos quienes adoptaron la Tecnología, ¿cuántos lo hicieron espontáneamente, es decir, sin recibir incentivos/ pagos materiales?

• 0-10%

Comentarios:

60% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

417 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

Comments on acceptance with external material support: survey results

5% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

35 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: survey results

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: Overall returns fro\m the piece of land is increased owing to horticulture and agriculture crops. Biomass increases. This is seen by other farmers and they are motivated to go for its adaption.

6.7 Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades de la Tecnología

Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades desde la perspectiva del usuario de la tierra
Economic sustainability How can they be sustained / enhanced? vegetative and green manure vermicompost etc.

Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades desde la perspectiva del compilador o de otra persona de referencia clave
Effective SWC How can they be sustained / enhanced? maibntenance by the individual farmers
water harvesting How can they be sustained / enhanced? Desilting structure
Integrated approach How can they be sustained / enhanced? regular contact
increased production How can they be sustained / enhanced? Integrated cultivation

6.8 Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos de la Tecnología y formas de sobreponerse a ellos

Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos desde la perspectiva del usuario de la tierra	¿Cómo sobreponerse a ellas?
Production (benefits) adversly affected due to drought.	Due to longer dry spel in the area (last three years)

Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos desde la perspectiva del compilador o de otra persona de referencia clave	¿Cómo sobreponerse a ellas?
Non-availability of agricultural improved seed material at local level	by linkage of VWDCs with the Agricultural Research Station and Krishi Vignyan Kendra.
conflicts	demands by more number of farmers could not be met by the project at a time.