Primary strip network system for fuel management [Portugal]
- Creación:
- Actualización:
- Compilador: Celeste Coelho
- Editor: –
- Revisores: Deborah Niggli, Alexandra Gavilano
Primary strip network system for fuel management
technologies_1361 - Portugal
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Expandir todo Colapsar todos1. Información general
1.2 Detalles de contacto de las personas de referencia e instituciones involucradas en la evaluación y la documentación de la Tecnología
Especialista MST:
Especialista MST:
Louro António
Aflomação - Forest Association of Mação
Portugal
Especialista MST:
Ventinhas Marta
Aflomação - Forest Association of Mação
Portugal
Especialista MST:
Bragança Nuno
Aflomação - Forest Association of Mação
Especialista MST:
Mariano Inês
Aflomação - Forest Association of Mação
Portugal
Nombre del proyecto que financió la documentación/ evaluación de la Tecnología (si fuera relevante)
DESIRE (EU-DES!RE)Nombre de la(s) institución(es) que facilitaron la documentación/ evaluación de la Tecnología (si fuera relevante)
University of Aveiro (University of Aveiro) - PortugalNombre de la(s) institución(es) que facilitaron la documentación/ evaluación de la Tecnología (si fuera relevante)
Forest Association of Mação (Aflomação) (Aflomação) - Portugal1.3 Condiciones referidas al uso de datos documentados mediante WOCAT
El compilador y la/s persona(s) de referencia claves aceptan las condiciones acerca del uso de los datos documentados mediante WOCAT:
Sí
1.5 Referencia al (los) Cuestionario(s) de Enfoques MST (documentados usando WOCAT)
Forest Intervention Area (ZIF) [Portugal]
Forest Intervention Area (ZIF) is a territorial unit, where the main land use is forestry. This approach assembles and organizes small forest holders and defines a joint intervention for forest management and protection. Defined by law in 2005, and revised in 2009, each ZIF of private forest has to include …
- Compilador: Celeste Coelho
2. Descripción de la Tecnología MST
2.1 Breve descripción de la Tecnología
Definición de la Tecnología:
Linear strips are strategically located in areas where total or partial removal of the forest biomass is possible. This technology contributes towards preventing the occurrence and spread of large forest fires and reducing their consequences for the environment, people, infrastructures, etc.
2.2 Descripción detallada de la Tecnología
Descripción:
There are three types of strip for fuel management in forest areas: primary, secondary and tertiary, defined by the Law 17/2009. The most important differences between them are in terms of size (primary being the widest and the tertiary the narrowest) and scale (primary referring to the district level, secondary to the municipal level and tertiary to the parish level). The primary strip network system for fuel management (RPFGC) is integrated in the National System to Prevent and Protect Forest against Fires and it is defined by the National Forest Authority (AFN).
Purpose of the Technology: The RPFGC aims to re-arrange landscape elements, through the establishment of discontinuities in the vegetation cover, in forest areas and in the rural landscape (for example using water bodies, agricultural land, pasture, rocky outcrops, shrubland and valuable forest stands). Land tenure is private in most of the areas covered by the RPFGC. The main objectives of this technology are: to decrease the area affected by large fires; to enable direct access by fire fighters; to reduce fire effects and protect roads, infrastructures and social equipment, urban areas and forest areas of special value; and to isolate potential fire ignition sources.
Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: These primary strips are ≥ 125 metres wide and preferably between 500 and 10,000 ha in area. The tree cover should be less than 50% of the area and the base of the tree canopy should not be lower than 3 metres. The RPFGC concept should include the adoption of a maintenance programme. The implementation and maintenance operations can be performed through different agro-forest technologies, such as clearance of bushes and trees, pruning, prescribed fire, harrowing and cultivation of the ground beneath the trees. Timber products can be sold and the removed litter can be used in a biomass power plant or applied to the fields to improve soil fertility, using mulching technology.
Natural / human environment: This SWC Technology needs considerable financial resources in terms of labour and equipment at the implementation phase. Costs, however, undergo considerable reduction thereafter. The implementation of this infrastructure to prevent and protect the land from forest fire is entirely funded by the government and implemented by the forest municipal services.
2.3 Fotografías de la Tecnología
2.5 País/ región/ lugares donde la Tecnología fue aplicada y que se hallan comprendidos por esta evaluación
País:
Portugal
Región/ Estado/ Provincia:
Portugal
Especifique más el lugar :
Santarém / Mação
Especifique la difusión de la Tecnología:
- distribuida parejamente sobre un área
Si la Tecnología se halla difundida homogéneamente a lo largo de un área, especifique el área que cubre (en km2):
400,0
Comentarios:
Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 400 km2.
There has been some work carried out to develop the secondary system of linear strips for fuel management. These will provide the basis for the implementation of the primary system. The PROF | PIS - Plano Regional de Ordenamento Florestal do Pinhal Interior Sul (Regional Plan for Forestry Management and Planning of the Pinhal Interior Sul) has designated an area of 1752 ha with a total length of 141 km as the contribution to the primary system of fire prevention by the Mação municipality.
Map
×2.6 Fecha de la implementación
Si no se conoce el año preciso, indique la fecha aproximada:
- hace menos de 10 años (recientemente)
2.7 Introducción de la Tecnología
Especifique cómo se introdujo la Tecnología:
- mediante proyectos/ intervenciones externas
3. Clasificación de la Tecnología MST
3.2 Tipo(s) actuales de uso de la tierra donde se aplica la Tecnología
Mezcla de tipos de uso de tierras dentro de la misma unidad de tierras: :
Sí
Especifique el uso combinado de tierras (cultivos/ pastoreo/ árboles):
- Silvo-pastoralismo
Tierra de pastoreo
Tipo de animal:
- cabras
- ovejas
Bosques
- Bosques/ zonas boscosas (semi) naturales
Bosques/ zonas boscosas (semi-) naturales: Especifique tipo de manejo:
- Tala selectiva
- Tala clara
Tipo de árbol:
- Eucalyptus species
- Especies de Pinus (pino)
Productos y servicios:
- Madera
- Leña
Comentarios:
Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Forest fires increase due to rural depopulation and to land management abandonment.
Other grazingland: silvo-pastoralism: Goats and sheep.
Selective felling of (semi-) natural forests: Pine.
Clear felling of (semi-)natural forests: Eucalyptus.
Other type of forest: clear felling of (semi-)natural forests: Eucalyptus.
Forest products and services: timber, fuelwood
Constraints of settlement / urban: Proximity of forest to urban areas.
Constraints of infrastructure network (roads, railways, pipe lines, power lines): Ignition sources.
Number of growing seasons per year: 2
Longest growing period in days: 1Longest growing period from month to month: 1 per year
Livestock density: 1-10 LU /km2
3.4 Provisión de agua
Comentarios:
Water supply: rainfed, rainfed
3.5 Grupo MST al que pertenece la Tecnología
- manejo de bosques naturales y seminaturales:
- reducción de riesgos de desastres basados en el ecosistema
3.6 Medidas MST que componen la Tecnología
medidas estructurales
- S11: Otros
Comentarios:
Main measures: structural measures
3.7 Principales tipos de degradación del suelo encarados con la Tecnología
degradación biológica
- Bf: efectos nocivos de los fuegos
Comentarios:
Main type of degradation addressed: Bf: detrimental effects of fires
Main causes of degradation: deforestation / removal of natural vegetation (incl. forest fires) (Forest fire frequency and intensity.), Property size (Small pieces of land (< 0.5 ha).)
Secondary causes of degradation: Population density (Ageing population structure and depopulation.)
3.8 Prevención, reducción o restauración de la degradación del suelo
Especifique la meta de la Tecnología con relación a la degradación de la tierra:
- prevenir la degradación del suelo
Comentarios:
Main goals: prevention of land degradation
4. Especificaciones técnicas, actividades de implementación, insumos y costos
4.1 Dibujo técnico de la Tecnología
Especificaciones técnicas (relacionadas al dibujo técnico):
This technical drawing indicates the technical specifications, dimensions and spacing for the Primary Strip Network System for Fuel Management. The figure shows a road as the axis of the RPFGC, but it can also be a river or a ridge, amongst other breaks in the forest cover.
Location: Portugal. Santarém / Mação
Date: 16/01/2009
Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: high
Technical knowledge required for land users: low
Main technical functions: control of fires
Secondary technical functions: reduction of dry material (fuel for wildfires), spatial arrangement and diversification of land use
Autor:
João Soares, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810 - 193 Aveiro, Portugal
4.2 Información general sobre el cálculo de insumos y costos
otra / moneda nacional (especifique):
Euro
Si fuera relevante, indique la tasa de cambio de dólares americanos a la moneda local (ej. 1 U$ = 79.9 Reales Brasileros): 1 U$ =:
0,76
Indique el costo promedio del salario de trabajo contratado por día:
18.75
4.3 Actividades de establecimiento
Actividad | Momento (estación) | |
---|---|---|
1. | Primary System design | n. a. |
2. | Shrubs cleaning + Thinning (reduction of fuel load) + Pruning | Dry season |
3. | Removing the cut waste material | |
4. | Litter Shredding | |
5. | Transport to the Biomass Plant |
4.4 Costos e insumos necesarios para el establecimiento
Especifique insumo | Unidad | Cantidad | Costos por unidad | Costos totales por insumo | % de los costos cubiertos por los usuarios de las tierras | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mano de obra | Labour | ha | 1,0 | 1076,0 | 1076,0 | |
Equipo | Machine use | ha | 1,0 | 568,0 | 568,0 | |
Equipo | Transport | ha | 1,0 | 100,0 | 100,0 | |
Costos totales para establecer la Tecnología | 1744,0 | |||||
Costos totales para establecer la Tecnología en USD | 2294,74 |
4.6 Costos e insumos necesarios para actividades de mantenimiento/ recurrentes (por año)
Comentarios:
The costs calculation was made for the implementation of the first section of the RPFGC. The implementation phase lasted for 2 or 3 months during the dry season. This section included 28 ha and 4 teams of forest sappers were involved.
4.7 Factores más determinantes que afectan los costos:
Describa los factores más determinantes que afectan los costos:
The costs include the activities to ensure the vertical and horizontal discontinuity of the fuel load and also the activities needed to manage the waste produced from the shrubs cleaning and thinning.
5. Entorno natural y humano
5.1 Clima
Lluvia anual
- < 250 mm
- 251-500 mm
- 501-750 mm
- 751-1,000 mm
- 1,001-1,500 mm
- 1,501-2,000 mm
- 2,001-3,000 mm
- 3,001-4,000 mm
- > 4,000 mm
Especificaciones/ comentarios sobre la cantidad de lluvia:
The rainfall ranges from 1000 mm in the North to less than 600 mm per year in the South of the municipality.
Zona agroclimática
- Sub-húmeda
Thermal climate class: temperate
5.2 Topografía
Pendientes en promedio:
- plana (0-2 %)
- ligera (3-5%)
- moderada (6-10%)
- ondulada (11-15%)
- accidentada (16-30%)
- empinada (31-60%)
- muy empinada (>60%)
Formaciones telúricas:
- meseta/ planicies
- cordilleras
- laderas montañosas
- laderas de cerro
- pies de monte
- fondo del valle
Zona altitudinal:
- 0-100 m s.n.m.
- 101-500 m s.n.m.
- 501-1,000 m s.n.m
- 1,001-1,500 m s.n.m
- 1,501-2,000 m s.n.m
- 2,001-2,500 m s.n.m
- 2,501-3,000 m s.n.m
- 3,001-4,000 m s.n.m
- > 4,000 m s.n.m
Indique si la Tecnología se aplica específicamente en:
- situaciones cóncavas
5.3 Suelos
Profundidad promedio del suelo:
- muy superficial (0-20 cm)
- superficial (21-50 cm)
- moderadamente profunda (51-80 cm)
- profunda (81-120 cm)
- muy profunda (>120 cm)
Textura del suelo (capa arable):
- mediana (limosa)
Materia orgánica de capa arable:
- baja (<1%)
Si se halla disponible, adjunte una descripción completa de los suelos o especifique la información disponible, por ej., tipo de suelo, pH/ acidez de suelo, capacidad de intercambio catiónico, nitrógeno, salinidad, etc. :
Soil depth on average is very shallow: Thin and stony terrains
Soil fertility is low
Soil drainage/infiltration is poor
Soil water storage capacity is low
5.4 Disponibilidad y calidad de agua
Agua subterránea:
5-50 m
Disponibilidad de aguas superficiales:
mediana
Calidad de agua (sin tratar):
agua potable de buena calidad
5.5 Biodiversidad
Diversidad de especies:
- mediana
5.6 Las características de los usuarios de la tierra que aplican la Tecnología
Orientación del mercado del sistema de producción:
- mixta (subsistencia/ comercial)
Ingresos no agrarios:
- > 50% de todo el ingreso
Nivel relativo de riqueza:
- pobre
- promedio
Individuos o grupos:
- grupos/ comunal
Nivel de mecanización:
- trabajo manual
- tracción animal
Género:
- mujeres
- hombres
Indique otras características relevantes de los usuarios de las tierras:
Land users applying the Technology are mainly common / average land users
Population density: 10-50 persons/km2
Annual population growth: negative; 2%
50% of the land users are average wealthy and own 50% of the land.
50% of the land users are poor and own 50% of the land.
Level of mechanization is manual labour or animal traction (Small machines are used)
market orientation is mixed (more subsistence than commercial).
5.7 Área promedio de la tierra usada por usuarios de tierra que aplican la Tecnología
- < 0.5 ha
- 0.5-1 ha
- 1-2 ha
- 2-5 ha
- 5-15 ha
- 15-50 ha
- 50-100 ha
- 100-500 ha
- 500-1,000 ha
- 1,000-10,000 ha
- > 10,000 ha
¿Esto se considera de pequeña, mediana o gran escala (refiriéndose al contexto local)?
- pequeña escala
Comentarios:
Average area of land owned or leased by land users applying the Technology: < 0.5 ha, < 0.5 ha, 2-5 ha
Size of forest/ woodland area per hosuehold: 25 plots.
5.8 Tenencia de tierra, uso de tierra y derechos de uso de agua
Tenencia de tierra:
- individual, sin título
- individual, con título
Derechos de uso de tierra:
- individual
Derechos de uso de agua:
- acceso abierto (no organizado)
Comentarios:
Individual, not titled: Usually, legal documents for the property are missing.
5.9 Acceso a servicios e infraestructura
salud:
- pobre
- moderado
- bueno
educación:
- pobre
- moderado
- bueno
asistencia técnica:
- pobre
- moderado
- bueno
empleo (ej. fuera de la granja):
- pobre
- moderado
- bueno
mercados:
- pobre
- moderado
- bueno
energía:
- pobre
- moderado
- bueno
caminos y transporte:
- pobre
- moderado
- bueno
agua potable y saneamiento:
- pobre
- moderado
- bueno
servicios financieros:
- pobre
- moderado
- bueno
telecommunications:
- pobre
- moderado
- bueno
6. Impactos y comentarios para concluir
6.1 Impactos in situ demostrados por la Tecnología
Impactos socioeconómicos
Producción
producción de forraje
Comentarios/ especifique:
Vegetation removal, either by machinery or prescribed fire, produces fresh growth for grazing.
calidad de forraje
Comentarios/ especifique:
The new growth provides more diverse and nutritious fodder.
producción animal
Comentarios/ especifique:
The low fuel load can be maintained through grazing.
producción de madera
Comentarios/ especifique:
Most of the primary system will be implemented in zones of low productivity. However, in some areas tree thinning can cause a decrease in wood production.
diversidad de producto
Comentarios/ especifique:
Increase of by-products from grazing.
área de producción
Comentarios/ especifique:
The use of wood as a fuel for a power station and the use of vegetation to feed the cattle can promote the development of new crops and land uses.
In some areas, the implementation of the primary system can occupy productive land. The main aim of this technology is always to provide protection from forest fires instead of creating productive land.
generación de energía
Comentarios/ especifique:
After cutting the shrubs, biomass is taken to a plant to energy production.
The cleared ground, on mountain summits, of the primary system is used for wind farms. Cleared vegetation could be used as fuel for a power station.
Ingreso y costos
diversidad de fuentes de ingreso
Comentarios/ especifique:
The strips will mainly occupy areas of low productivity. The vegetation removed can be used as fuel for a power station. The maintenance of the primary system through grazing will create opportunities in terms of cattle grazing and all the resulting by-pr
Otros impactos socioeconómicos
Costs of implementation
Comentarios/ especifique:
The implementation of the primary system is very costly.
Maintenance costs
Impactos socioculturales
situación de salud
Comentarios/ especifique:
Improved air quality by reducing forest fires risk.
oportunidades culturales
oportunidades recreativas
instituciones comunitarias
instituciones nacionales
MST/ conocimiento de la degradación del suelo
mitigación de conflicto
Comentarios/ especifique:
Some forest owners can have some difficulties in accepting the loss of their land to this technology. This can be even more difficult if they have some wood production on such land, so that it represents an income reduction.
Improved livelihoods and human well-being
Comentarios/ especifique:
reduced risk of wildfire
Impactos ecológicos
Ciclo de agua/ escurrimiento de sedimento
cosecha/ recolección de agua
escurrimiento superficial
Comentarios/ especifique:
Associated with the vegetation removal.
drenaje de agua en exceso
evaporación
Suelo
humedad del suelo
Comentarios/ especifique:
Associated with the vegetation removal.
cubierta del suelo
Comentarios/ especifique:
Vegetation removal, either by machinery or prescribed fire, enhances the diversity of the new vegetation cover. In some cases thinning the trees will have a positive effect by reducing the competition for water, sunlight and nutrients and (...)
pérdida de suelo
encostramiento/ sellado de suelo
compactación de suelo
ciclo/ recarga de nutrientes
materia orgánica debajo del suelo C
Biodiversidad: vegetación, animales
biomasa/ sobre suelo C
Comentarios/ especifique:
Sometimes a loss which is associated with the immediate effects of vegetation removal.
diversidad vegetal
Comentarios/ especifique:
Vegetation removal, either by machinery or prescribed fire, enhances the appearance of new plants.
especies invasoras extrañas
Comentarios/ especifique:
The fuel load management in the primary system, involving the implementation of good forest practices, including the removal and control of invasive species.
diversidad animal
Comentarios/ especifique:
Vegetation removal, either by machinery or prescribed fire, enhances the appearance of new plants and consequently of new associated animals. The installation of fodder on the strips will promote grazing activities, increasing the number of goats, (...)
especies benéficas
diversidad de hábitats
Comentarios/ especifique:
But also increased habitat fragmention
Reducción de riesgos de desastres y riesgos climáticos
emisión de carbono y gases de invernadero
riesgo de incendio
velocidad de viento
Comentarios/ especifique:
In some cases, where there is a total removal or a huge reduction in vegetation cover.
Otros impactos ecológicos
Risk towards adverse events
Comentarios/ especifique:
This technology is an impediment to forest fire propagation and therefore reduces fire risk.
Soil erosion
Comentarios/ especifique:
Usually, the soil in the areas designated for the implementation of the primary system is thin and poor. The use of machinery and vegetation removal can accelerate the soil erosion processes.
6.2 Impactos fuera del sitio demostrados por la Tecnología
daño a campos de vecinos
Comentarios/ especifique:
Forest area.
daños a infraestructura pública / privada
Comentarios/ especifique:
The technology aims to reduce forest fire frequency and intensity, and the associated damage.
6.3 Exposición y sensibilidad de la Tecnología al cambio climático gradual y a extremos relacionados al clima/ desastres (desde la percepción de los usuarios de tierras)
Cambio climático gradual
Cambio climático gradual
Estación | Incremento o reducción | ¿Cómo es que la tecnología soporta esto? | |
---|---|---|---|
temperatura anual | incrementó | bien |
Extremos (desastres) relacionados al clima
Desastres climatológicos:
¿Cómo es que la tecnología soporta esto? | |
---|---|
tormenta de lluvia local | no muy bien |
tormenta de viento | no muy bien |
Desastres climatológicos
¿Cómo es que la tecnología soporta esto? | |
---|---|
sequía | no muy bien |
Desastres hidrológicos
¿Cómo es que la tecnología soporta esto? | |
---|---|
inundación general (río) | no muy bien |
Otras consecuencias relacionadas al clima
Otras consecuencias relacionadas al clima
¿Cómo es que la tecnología soporta esto? | |
---|---|
periodo reducido de crecimiento | bien |
6.4 Análisis costo-beneficio
¿Cómo se comparan los beneficios con los costos de establecimiento (desde la perspectiva de los usuarios de tierra)?
Ingresos a corto plazo:
neutral/ balanceado
Ingresos a largo plazo:
positivo
¿Cómo se comparan los beneficios con los costos de mantenimiento/ recurrentes (desde la perspectiva de los usuarios de tierra)?
Ingresos a corto plazo:
neutral/ balanceado
Ingresos a largo plazo:
positivo
Comentarios:
The maintenance will only start 2 or 3 years after the technology implementation, so no returns are expected at short-term.
6.5 Adopción de la Tecnología
Comentarios:
Comments on acceptance with external material support: 100% of the technology was implement by local administration, with support from the government.
There is a strong trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology
Comments on adoption trend: After the implementation period there was a high local acceptance of the technology. It is also expected that grazing activities contribute to the technology maintenance
6.7 Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades de la Tecnología
Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades desde la perspectiva del compilador o de otra persona de referencia clave |
---|
Fuel load reduction How can they be sustained / enhanced? This will be achieved using prescribed fire and specialised machinery. The efficacy of prescribed fire depends on the collaboration of technicians and forest sapper teams. To guarantee the effectiveness of RPFGC implementation, long-term maintenance has to be ensured. |
Reinforcement of the forest path system How can they be sustained / enhanced? Clearing the strips of the RPFGC can enhance the forest track network. |
Forest fire prevention and fighting How can they be sustained / enhanced? The know-how of the local stakeholders and communities will contribute to the design of the RPFGC . This information should be integrated into the Municipal Plans to Prevent and Protect Forest Against Fires (PMDFCI). Any further information should be provided to the Civil Protection Agencies and to the Forest Technical Office and also to the local fire-brigade team. |
Increase in landscape resilience How can they be sustained / enhanced? This will only be effective if the RPFGC is continuous and without gaps. The acceptance of the RPFGC by the landowners is fundamental to widespread the use of this technology. Information and awareness about the need to change vegetation cover is also very important, in order to avoid extensive areas of monoculture. |
6.8 Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos de la Tecnología y formas de sobreponerse a ellos
Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos desde la perspectiva del compilador o de otra persona de referencia clave | ¿Cómo sobreponerse a ellas? |
---|---|
Soil erosion increase | Forestry good practices should be used in the RPFGC implementation, especially concerning the use of machinery and avoiding disturbance of soil at depth. Soil cover after the removal of the existing vegetation should be promoted (by seeding, mulching or creating a low intensity pasture). |
Soil cover reduction | Soil cover after the removal of the existing vegetation should be promoted (by seeding, mulching or creating a low intensity pasture). |
Runoff increase | Soil cover after the removal of the existing vegetation should be promoted (by seeding, mulching or creating a low intensity pasture). Excessive vegetation removal should be avoid, especially near water courses where the removal should be nil or minimum. |
Budget for implementation and maintenance | European and national funds. Collaboration of the local government providing equipment and labour force. Information and awareness to the landowners about the importance of this technology. Campaigns of national awareness and definition of this technology as ‘public use’ to overcome some potential social conflicts concerning the land rights. |
7. Referencias y vínculos
7.1 Métodos/ fuentes de información
7.2 Vínculos a las publicaciones disponibles
Título, autor, año, ISBN:
Decree-Law n. 124/2006, 28 June. Official Gazette n. 123 – I series: 4586-4599; Decree-Law n. 17/2009, 14 January. Official Gazette n. 9 – I series: 273-295.
Vínculos y módulos
Expandir todo Colapsar todosVínculos
Forest Intervention Area (ZIF) [Portugal]
Forest Intervention Area (ZIF) is a territorial unit, where the main land use is forestry. This approach assembles and organizes small forest holders and defines a joint intervention for forest management and protection. Defined by law in 2005, and revised in 2009, each ZIF of private forest has to include …
- Compilador: Celeste Coelho
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