Information and awareness raising for safe use of metal contaminated land
(Roumanie)
Cresterea gradului de constientizare si informarea populatiei in scopul utilizarii in siguranta a terenurilor din zonele contaminate cu metale grele
Description
The aim of this Aprroach is to increase the awareness about the risk related to agricultural use of contaminated land and to present the appropriate technologies for sustainable use of contaminated land in order to reduce the transfer of contaminants into the food chain. The implementation of appropriate SLM will improve the soil and crop quality with positive effects on the quality of life for local community from contaminated area.
The Case Study area is located in Sibiu County, around the most important factory for processing of non-ferrous ores – Copsa Mica. The main environmental damages in the area Copşa Mică (Romania) are caused by ore processing and this town was classified as an environmental disaster area. The main pollutants identified in this area were cadmium, copper, lead and zinc. According to data from LPIS provided by Sibiu County Center of Agency for Payments and Intervention in Agriculture (2012) the arable land represents 60.4% from total area (2818.6ha) being located mainly in bottomland. Grassland represents 34.9% from total area, that means 1627.3 ha. Orchards and vineyards represent a very small proportion from total cultivated area, only 2.3% (106 ha) and 2.4% (110.3 ha).
Large scale migration from urban to rural areas (village surrounding the Copsa Mica) took place after reducing the activities of industrial platform. In villages located in polluted area there are many small landowners. The lands are used as agricultural land and the products are used for own consumption. Also, due to both, low fertility of soil (as a result of contamination) and lack of financial resources, there are lands abandoned. The agricultural use of the land represents a risk for population health and also reduces the number of methods that could be used for remediation.
The aim of the approach was to increase the awareness about the risk related to agricultural use of contaminated land and to present the appropriate technologies for sustainable use of contaminated land in order to reduce the transfer of contaminants into the food chain. The implementation of appropriate SLM will improve the soil and crop quality with positive effects on the quality of life for local community from contaminated area.
During workshops stakeholders are informed about state of soil degradation from their area, about risk related to agricultural use of contaminated land. The researchers and SLM experts share their experience with land owners and land users related to sustainable measures for reducing the effects of soil contamination and together they select the measures to be tested. The production of biomass for non-food purpose has been tested as a potential solution to produce valuable biomass while remediating the soil. Immobilization of heavy metals in soil was agreed by the traditional land owners who want to keep the agricultural use for their land.
Land owners offer the plot for testing the new technology and researchers / SLM experts organised experimental field and presenting the results to land owners, local authority, farmers, students during information session (field day, workshop)
Lieu
Lieu: Copsa Mica, Sibiu county, Roumanie
Géo-référence des sites sélectionnés
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24.23078, 46.11549
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24.21481, 46.09335
Date de démarrage: sans objet
Année de fin de l'Approche: sans objet
Type d'Approche
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traditionnel/ autochtone
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initiative/ innovation récente locale
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fondé sur un projet/ programme
Activities in experimental field organised in order to test different amendments for reducing the transfer of heavy metals in crops (D.M. Motelica)
Measurements in experimental field (Nicoleta Vrinceanu)
Objectifs de l'approche et environnement favorable
Principaux objectifs de l'Approche
The aim was to increase the awareness about the risk related to agricultural use of contaminated land and to present the appropriate technologies for sustainable use of contaminated land in order to reduce the transfer of contaminants into the food chain. The implementation of appropriate SLM will improve the soil and crop quality with positive effects on the quality of life for local community from contaminated area.
Conditions favorisant la mise en oeuvre de la/(des) Technologie(s) appliquée(s) sous l'Approche
Conditions entravant la mise en oeuvre de la/(des) Technologie(s) appliquée(s) sous l'Approche
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Normes et valeurs sociales/ culturelles/ religieuses : The traditional farmers want to preserve the agricultural use of land (crop production and grazing). Growing biofuel crops would require changing the land use for a long period of time.
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Disponibilité/ accès aux ressources et services financiers: Lack of financial resources of the land users. The financial inputs for implementation are considered high even if there are subsidies for energy crops.
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Cadre institutionnel: There are no interest for SLM on contaminated lands
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Cadre juridique (régime foncier, droits d'utilisation des terres et de l'eau): Due to the large number of owners and the division of the land into small plots there are difficulties with respect to the application of appropriate SLM.
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Cadre politique: Although there are legal frameworks regarding pollution control there are no institutions responsible for the development and implementation of remediation measures. Also there are no clear legal descriptions of decision criteria for choosing the appropriate remediation actions.
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Connaissances sur la GDT, accès aux supports techniques: Although there are known risks associated with soil contamination with heavy metals, landowners do not have enough information about SLM which could limit the transfer of metals into the food chain.
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Marchés (pour acheter les intrants, vendre les produits) et prix: The energy crop market is not developed yet.
Participation et rôles des parties prenantes impliquées dans l'Approche
Parties prenantes impliquées dans l'Approche et rôles
Quels acteurs/ organismes d'exécution ont été impliqués dans l'Approche? |
Spécifiez les parties prenantes |
Décrivez le rôle des parties prenantes |
exploitants locaux des terres / communautés locales |
land users, local authority, farmers |
They participate in information sessions and one land user offered a plot to test new technologies for immobilization of heavy metals in soil. |
chercheurs |
Researchers - soil scientist, enviromental experts, |
They share their experience in respect with risk related with agricultural use of land in contaminated area and appropriate SLM for limiting the transfer of heavy metals into food chain. |
Participation des exploitants locaux des terres/ communautés locales aux différentes phases de l'Approche
aucun
passive
soutien extérieur
interactive
auto-mobilisation
initiation/ motivation
Researchers organised information sessions (workshops and stakeholder meetings) for land owners, local authority, farmers, students.
planification
Researchers and SLM experts organised participatory sessions with land owners, local authority, farmers, students in order to select the appropriate SLM Technology to be tested.
mise en œuvre
Land owners offer the plot for testing the new technology and researchers and SLM experts organised experimental field and presenting the results to land owners, local authority, farmers, students during information session (field day, workshop)
Diagramme/ organigramme
NA
Prises de décision pour la sélection de la Technologie de GDT
Les décisions ont été prises par
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les exploitants des terres seuls (auto-initiative)
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principalement les exploitants des terres soutenus par des spécialistes de la GDT
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tous les acteurs concernés dans le cadre d'une approche participative
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principalement les spécialistes de la GDT, après consultation des exploitants des terres
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les spécialistes de la GDT seuls
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les responsables politiques/ dirigeants
Les décisions ont été prises sur la base de
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l'évaluation de connaissances bien documentées en matière de GDT (prises de décision fondées sur des preuves tangibles)?
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les résultats de recherches?
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expériences et opinions personnelles (non documentées)
Soutien technique, renforcement des capacités et gestion des connaissances
Les activités ou services suivants ont fait partie de l'approche
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Renforcement des capacités/ formation
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Service de conseils
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Renforcement des institutions (développement organisationnel)
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Suivi et évaluation
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Recherche
Renforcement des capacités/ formation
La formation a été dispensée aux parties prenantes suivantes
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exploitants des terres
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personnels/ conseillers de terrain
Formats de la formation
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sur le tas
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entre agriculteurs (d'exploitants à exploitants)
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zones de démonstration
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réunions publiques
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cours
Sujets abordés
Status of soil degradation by heavy metal contamination. Risk related to agricultural use of contaminated land. Measures for reducing the transfer of contaminants into food chain.
Service de conseils
Le service de conseils était fourni
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dans les champs des exploitants?
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dans des centres permanents
Suivi et évaluation
Recherche
La recherche a traité les sujets suivants
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sociologie
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économie/ marketing
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écologie
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technologie
Financement et soutien matériel externe
Budget annuel en dollars US de la composante GDT
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< 2 000
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2 000-10 000
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10 000-100 000
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100 000-1 000 000
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> 1 000 000
Precise annual budget: sans objet
Research projects funding from National Research Fund and EU projects
Les services ou mesures incitatives suivantes ont été fournis aux exploitants des terres
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Soutiens financiers/ matériels fournis aux exploitants des terres
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Subventions pour des intrants spécifiques
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Crédits
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Autres incitations ou instruments
Soutiens financiers/ matériels fournis aux exploitants des terres
Subsidies for energy crops
en partie financé
entièrement financé
intrants agricoles: semences
173 US$ / ha - spring 2015
La main d'oeuvre fournie par les exploitants des terres était
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volontaire
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vivres-contre-travail
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payée en espèces
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récompensée avec un autre soutien matériel
Analyses d'impact et conclusions
Impacts de l'Approche
Non
Oui, un peu
Oui, modérément
Oui, beaucoup
Est-ce que l'Approche a amélioré les connaissances et les capacités des exploitants des terres pour mettre en œuvre la GDT?
Were highlighted risks of agricultural use of contaminated land and the possibilities of limiting the transfer of contaminants into the food chain by changing land use or by immobilizing metals in soil.
Est-ce que l'Approche a conduit à des emplois, des opportunités de revenus?
Implementing the SLM could lead to high economic value of the crop (biomass fuel production, healthy crops, etc).
Principale motivation des exploitants des terres pour mettre en oeuvre la GDT
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augmenter la production
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augmenter la rentabilité/ bénéfice, rapport coûts-bénéfices
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réduire la dégradation des terres
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réduire les risques de catastrophe
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réduire la charge de travail
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paiements/ subventions
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règles et règlements (amendes)/ application
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prestige, pression sociale/ cohésion sociale
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affiliation à un mouvement/ projet/ groupe/ réseaux
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conscience environnementale
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coutumes et croyances, morale
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améliorer les connaissances et compétences en GDT
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améliorer l'esthétique
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atténuer les conflits
Durabilité des activités de l'Approche
Les exploitants des terres peuvent-ils poursuivre ce qui a été mis en oeuvre par le biais de l'Approche (sans soutien extérieur) ?
Conclusions et enseignements tirés
Points forts: point de vue de l'exploitant des terres
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Receiving the knowledge tools to improve the quality of crops and offering the possibility to provide new products (from biofuel crops) on the market which increase the farm income.
Points forts: point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne-ressource clé
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Awareness raising about the risk related to agricultural use of contaminated land lead to increase the number of land users which want to implement appropriate SLM for contaminated land.
Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques: point de vue de l'exploitant des terrescomment surmonter
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Difficulties to continue the activities initiated without external financial input.
Subsidies
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Undeveloped energy crop market
Support for creating local or regional markets for energy crops
Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques: point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne-ressource clécomment surmonter
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Inadequate authorities' interest for SLM
The authorities have to provide help in order to meet the needs (support for poor land users) in order to implement SLM activities to change land uses or to adopt measures for reducing transfer of contaminants into the food chain.
Références
Examinateur
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GWJ van Lynden
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Joana Eichenberger
Date de mise en oeuvre: 6 septembre 2016
Dernière mise à jour: 13 juillet 2022
Personnes-ressources
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Nicoleta Vrinceanu (nicvrinceanu@yahoo.com) - Spécialiste GDT
Description complète dans la base de données WOCAT
Données de GDT correspondantes
La documentation a été facilitée par
Références clés
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Nicoleta Vrinceanu, Motelica, D.M., Dumitru, M., Eugenia GAMENŢ, Calciu, I., Veronica Tanase, Mihaela Preda (2008) – Assessment of Some Inorganic Additives Used for In-Situ Remediation of Heavy Metals Polluted Soils, Abstract book of The 1st European Conference on Remediation of Soil, sediment and Groundwater – Biological, Chemical and Physical Technologies, 21–23 october 2008, Amsterdam, Olanda, p.173.:
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Comănescu, l., Nedelea, A., Paisa, M., 2010. Soil pollution with heavy metals in the area of Copșa Mică town – Geographical considerations, Metalurgia International XV 4, 81-85.:
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Lăcătușu, R., Lăcătușu, A.R., 2010. Evolution of heavy metals pollution from Copșa Mică. Scientific Papers, UASVM Bucharest, Series A, LIII, 85-92.:
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Petronela-Bianca Pavel, Puschenreiter, M., Wenzel, W.W., Elena Diacu, Barbu, C.H., Aided phytostabilization using Miscanthus sinensis × giganteus on heavy metal-contaminated soils, Science of the Total Environment 479–480 (2014) 125–131:
Liens vers des informations pertinentes disponibles en ligne