Approches

Information and awareness raising for safe use of metal contaminated land [Roumanie]

Cresterea gradului de constientizare si informarea populatiei in scopul utilizarii in siguranta a terenurilor din zonele contaminate cu metale grele

approaches_570 - Roumanie

État complet : 94%

1. Informations générales

1.2 Coordonnées des personnes-ressources et des institutions impliquées dans l'évaluation et la documentation de l'Approche

Personne(s) ressource(s) clé(s)

Spécialiste GDT:

1.3 Conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées

Quand les données ont-elles été compilées (sur le terrain)?

02/03/2015

Le compilateur et la(les) personne(s) ressource(s) acceptent les conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées:

Oui

2. Description de l'Approche de GDT

2.1 Courte description de l'Approche

The aim of this Aprroach is to increase the awareness about the risk related to agricultural use of contaminated land and to present the appropriate technologies for sustainable use of contaminated land in order to reduce the transfer of contaminants into the food chain. The implementation of appropriate SLM will improve the soil and crop quality with positive effects on the quality of life for local community from contaminated area.

2.2 Description détaillée de l'Approche

Description détaillée de l'Approche:

The Case Study area is located in Sibiu County, around the most important factory for processing of non-ferrous ores – Copsa Mica. The main environmental damages in the area Copşa Mică (Romania) are caused by ore processing and this town was classified as an environmental disaster area. The main pollutants identified in this area were cadmium, copper, lead and zinc. According to data from LPIS provided by Sibiu County Center of Agency for Payments and Intervention in Agriculture (2012) the arable land represents 60.4% from total area (2818.6ha) being located mainly in bottomland. Grassland represents 34.9% from total area, that means 1627.3 ha. Orchards and vineyards represent a very small proportion from total cultivated area, only 2.3% (106 ha) and 2.4% (110.3 ha).
Large scale migration from urban to rural areas (village surrounding the Copsa Mica) took place after reducing the activities of industrial platform. In villages located in polluted area there are many small landowners. The lands are used as agricultural land and the products are used for own consumption. Also, due to both, low fertility of soil (as a result of contamination) and lack of financial resources, there are lands abandoned. The agricultural use of the land represents a risk for population health and also reduces the number of methods that could be used for remediation.
The aim of the approach was to increase the awareness about the risk related to agricultural use of contaminated land and to present the appropriate technologies for sustainable use of contaminated land in order to reduce the transfer of contaminants into the food chain. The implementation of appropriate SLM will improve the soil and crop quality with positive effects on the quality of life for local community from contaminated area.
During workshops stakeholders are informed about state of soil degradation from their area, about risk related to agricultural use of contaminated land. The researchers and SLM experts share their experience with land owners and land users related to sustainable measures for reducing the effects of soil contamination and together they select the measures to be tested. The production of biomass for non-food purpose has been tested as a potential solution to produce valuable biomass while remediating the soil. Immobilization of heavy metals in soil was agreed by the traditional land owners who want to keep the agricultural use for their land.
Land owners offer the plot for testing the new technology and researchers / SLM experts organised experimental field and presenting the results to land owners, local authority, farmers, students during information session (field day, workshop)

2.3 Photos de l'approche

Remarques générales concernant les photos:

Activities for information and test the new technology selected by land users and experts

2.5 Pays/ région/ lieux où l'Approche a été appliquée

Pays:

Roumanie

Région/ Etat/ Province:

Sibiu county

Autres spécifications du lieu :

Copsa Mica

Commentaires:

Both Copsa Mica and Axente Sever are located in highly contaminated area.

2.6 Dates de début et de fin de l'Approche

Si l'année précise est inconnue, indiquez approximativement quand l'Approche a démarré:

il y a moins de 10 ans (récemment)

2.7 Type d'Approche

  • fondé sur un projet/ programme

2.8 Principaux objectifs de l'Approche

The aim was to increase the awareness about the risk related to agricultural use of contaminated land and to present the appropriate technologies for sustainable use of contaminated land in order to reduce the transfer of contaminants into the food chain. The implementation of appropriate SLM will improve the soil and crop quality with positive effects on the quality of life for local community from contaminated area.

2.9 Conditions favorisant ou entravant la mise en œuvre de la(des) Technologie(s) appliquée(s) sous l'Approche

normes et valeurs sociales/ culturelles/ religieuses
  • entrave

The traditional farmers want to preserve the agricultural use of land (crop production and grazing). Growing biofuel crops would require changing the land use for a long period of time.

disponibilité/ accès aux ressources et services financiers
  • entrave

Lack of financial resources of the land users. The financial inputs for implementation are considered high even if there are subsidies for energy crops.

cadre institutionnel
  • entrave

There are no interest for SLM on contaminated lands

cadre juridique (régime foncier, droits d'utilisation des terres et de l'eau)
  • entrave

Due to the large number of owners and the division of the land into small plots there are difficulties with respect to the application of appropriate SLM.

cadre politique
  • entrave

Although there are legal frameworks regarding pollution control there are no institutions responsible for the development and implementation of remediation measures. Also there are no clear legal descriptions of decision criteria for choosing the appropriate remediation actions.

connaissances sur la GDT, accès aux supports techniques
  • entrave

Although there are known risks associated with soil contamination with heavy metals, landowners do not have enough information about SLM which could limit the transfer of metals into the food chain.

marchés (pour acheter les intrants, vendre les produits) et prix
  • entrave

The energy crop market is not developed yet.

charge de travail, disponibilité de la main-d'œuvre
  • favorise

3. Participation et rôles des parties prenantes impliquées dans l'Approche

3.1 Parties prenantes impliquées dans l'Approche et rôles

  • exploitants locaux des terres / communautés locales

land users, local authority, farmers

They participate in information sessions and one land user offered a plot to test new technologies for immobilization of heavy metals in soil.

  • chercheurs

Researchers - soil scientist, enviromental experts,

They share their experience in respect with risk related with agricultural use of land in contaminated area and appropriate SLM for limiting the transfer of heavy metals into food chain.

3.2 Participation des exploitants locaux des terres/ communautés locales aux différentes phases de l'Approche
Participation des exploitants locaux des terres/ communautés locales Spécifiez qui était impliqué et décrivez les activités
initiation/ motivation passive Researchers organised information sessions (workshops and stakeholder meetings) for land owners, local authority, farmers, students.
planification interactive Researchers and SLM experts organised participatory sessions with land owners, local authority, farmers, students in order to select the appropriate SLM Technology to be tested.
mise en œuvre interactive Land owners offer the plot for testing the new technology and researchers and SLM experts organised experimental field and presenting the results to land owners, local authority, farmers, students during information session (field day, workshop)
suivi/ évaluation aucun
Research aucun

3.3 Diagramme/ organigramme (si disponible)

Description:

NA

3.4 Prises de décision pour la sélection de la Technologie/ des Technologies

Indiquez qui a décidé de la sélection de la Technologie/ des Technologies à mettre en œuvre:
  • principalement les exploitants des terres soutenus par des spécialistes de la GDT
Expliquez:

Selection of appropriate SLM Technologies was made by land users, farmers and land owners suppoted by SLM specialists during participatory sessions.

Spécifiez sur quelle base ont été prises les décisions:
  • l'évaluation de connaissances bien documentées en matière de GDT (prises de décision fondées sur des preuves tangibles)?
  • les résultats de recherches?
  • expériences et opinions personnelles (non documentées)

4. Soutien technique, renforcement des capacités et gestion des connaissances

4.1 Renforcement des capacités/ formation

Une formation a-t-elle été dispensée aux exploitants des terres/ autres parties prenantes?

Oui

Spécifiez qui a été formé:
  • exploitants des terres
Formats de la formation:
  • entre agriculteurs (d'exploitants à exploitants)
  • zones de démonstration
  • réunions publiques
Thèmes abordés:

Status of soil degradation by heavy metal contamination. Risk related to agricultural use of contaminated land. Measures for reducing the transfer of contaminants into food chain.

4.2 Service de conseils

Les exploitants des terres ont-ils accès à un service de conseils?

Oui

Spécifiez si le service de conseils est fourni:
  • dans les champs des exploitants?

4.3 Renforcement des institutions (développement organisationnel)

Des institutions ont elles été mises en place ou renforcées par le biais de l'Approche?
  • non

4.4 Suivi et évaluation

Le suivi et l'évaluation font ils partie de l'Approche? :

Oui

Si oui, ce document est-il destiné à être utilisé pour le suivi et l'évaluation?

Oui

4.5 Recherche

La recherche a-t-elle fait partie intégrante de l’Approche?

Oui

Spécifiez les thèmes:
  • écologie

5. Financement et soutien matériel externe

5.1 Budget annuel de la composante GDT de l'Approche

Si le budget annuel précis n'est pas connu, indiquez une fourchette:
  • 2 000-10 000
Commentez (par ex. principales sources de financement/ principaux bailleurs de fonds):

Research projects funding from National Research Fund and EU projects

5.2 Soutiens financiers/ matériels fournis aux exploitants des terres

Les exploitants des terres ont-ils reçu un soutien financier/ matériel pour la mise en œuvre de la Technologie/ des Technologies?

Oui

Si oui, spécifiez le(s) type(s) de soutien, les conditions et les fournisseurs:

Subsidies for energy crops

5.3 Subventions pour des intrants spécifiques (incluant la main d'œuvre)

  • intrants agricoles
Spécifiez les intrants subventionnés Dans quelle mesure Spécifiez les subventions
semences en partie financé 173 US$ / ha - spring 2015

5.4 Crédits

Des crédits ont-ils été alloués à travers l'Approche pour les activités de GDT?

Non

5.5 Autres incitations ou instruments

D'autres incitations ou instruments ont-ils été utilisés pour promouvoir la mise en œuvre des Technologies de GDT?

Non

6. Analyses d'impact et conclusions

6.1 Impacts de l'Approche

Est-ce que l'Approche a amélioré les connaissances et les capacités des exploitants des terres pour mettre en œuvre la GDT?
  • Non
  • Oui, un peu
  • Oui, modérément
  • Oui, beaucoup

Were highlighted risks of agricultural use of contaminated land and the possibilities of limiting the transfer of contaminants into the food chain by changing land use or by immobilizing metals in soil.

Est-ce que l'Approche a conduit à des emplois, des opportunités de revenus?
  • Non
  • Oui, un peu
  • Oui, modérément
  • Oui, beaucoup

Implementing the SLM could lead to high economic value of the crop (biomass fuel production, healthy crops, etc).

6.2 Principale motivation des exploitants des terres pour mettre en œuvre la GDT

  • augmenter la production

  • augmenter la rentabilité/ bénéfice, rapport coûts-bénéfices
  • paiements/ subventions

The farmers recieved the subsidiy for energy crops.

6.3 Durabilité des activités de l'Approche

Les exploitants des terres peuvent-ils poursuivre ce qui a été mis en œuvre par le biais de l'Approche (sans soutien extérieur)?
  • non
Si non ou incertain, spécifiez et commentez:

They need financial support to continue application of selected SLM.

6.4 Points forts/ avantages de l'Approche

Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités du point de vue de l'exploitant des terres
Receiving the knowledge tools to improve the quality of crops and offering the possibility to provide new products (from biofuel crops) on the market which increase the farm income.
Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé
Awareness raising about the risk related to agricultural use of contaminated land lead to increase the number of land users which want to implement appropriate SLM for contaminated land.

6.5 Faiblesses/ inconvénients de l'Approche et moyens de les surmonter

Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques du point de vue de l’exploitant des terres Comment peuvent-ils être surmontés?
Difficulties to continue the activities initiated without external financial input.
Subsidies
Undeveloped energy crop market Support for creating local or regional markets for energy crops
Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé Comment peuvent-ils être surmontés?
Inadequate authorities' interest for SLM The authorities have to provide help in order to meet the needs (support for poor land users) in order to implement SLM activities to change land uses or to adopt measures for reducing transfer of contaminants into the food chain.

7. Références et liens

7.1 Méthodes/ sources d'information

  • visites de terrain, enquêtes sur le terrain
  • interviews/entretiens avec les exploitants des terres
  • compilation à partir de rapports et d'autres documents existants

7.2 Références des publications disponibles

Titre, auteur, année, ISBN:

Nicoleta Vrinceanu, Motelica, D.M., Dumitru, M., Eugenia GAMENŢ, Calciu, I., Veronica Tanase, Mihaela Preda (2008) – Assessment of Some Inorganic Additives Used for In-Situ Remediation of Heavy Metals Polluted Soils, Abstract book of The 1st European Conference on Remediation of Soil, sediment and Groundwater – Biological, Chemical and Physical Technologies, 21–23 october 2008, Amsterdam, Olanda, p.173.

Titre, auteur, année, ISBN:

Comănescu, l., Nedelea, A., Paisa, M., 2010. Soil pollution with heavy metals in the area of Copșa Mică town – Geographical considerations, Metalurgia International XV 4, 81-85.

Titre, auteur, année, ISBN:

Lăcătușu, R., Lăcătușu, A.R., 2010. Evolution of heavy metals pollution from Copșa Mică. Scientific Papers, UASVM Bucharest, Series A, LIII, 85-92.

Titre, auteur, année, ISBN:

Petronela-Bianca Pavel, Puschenreiter, M., Wenzel, W.W., Elena Diacu, Barbu, C.H., Aided phytostabilization using Miscanthus sinensis × giganteus on heavy metal-contaminated soils, Science of the Total Environment 479–480 (2014) 125–131

7.3 Liens vers les informations pertinentes disponibles en ligne

Titre/ description:

Miscanthus giganteus - o solution for contaminated land

URL:

http://www.tribuna.ro/stiri/actualitate/miscanthus-plantat-la-cop-sa-mic-a-inc-a-din-2007-51036.html

Titre/ description:

Miscanthus giganteus - the crops too expensive for romanian farmers

URL:

http://www.tribuna.ro/stiri/eveniment/culturile-de-miscanthus-prea-scumpe-pentru-agricultorii-sibieni-76070.html

Titre/ description:

*** Annual Report of EPA Sibiu County. 2012. (in Romanian)

URL:

http://apmsb.anpm.ro/upload/62681_Raport%20anual%20privind%20monitorizarea%20PIGCA%20pentru%20anul%202011.pdf

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