Brève description de la meilleure pratique

The best practice involves application of Conservation Agriculture (CA) practices, namely, minimum tillage, crop rotation, continuous soil cover and agroforestry combined with measures for efficient use of soil nutrients to improve crop yields an increase soil organic matter.|

Site

Kamuli, Kaliro, Nakaseke, Nakasongola, Lyantonde and Sembabule districts of Uganda.|

Brève description de l’environnement naturel du site

The region receives rainfall ranging from 800-1200mm annually. Experiences two rainy seasons in March-Jne and August-November. Region experiences frequent and severe ry spells.
Region mostly flat with intermittent undulating hills.
Highly weathered Ferrlsols, shallow soils with very low nutrient reserves, soils predominantly degraded through soil erosion.|

Conditions socio-économiques dominantes des personnes vivant sur ou à proximité du site

Tenure sytems vary over the different districts. For example, Kamuli and Kaliro districts mainly have customary tenure; Nakaseke and Nakasongola have mailo land and leasehold tenure; Sembabule and Lyanonde districts have public land and leasehold tenure.|
Most of the households rely on crop and livestock enterprises, particularly annual crops such as maize, millet, sorghum, beans, ground nuts and soya beans for both income and food security; while Sembabule and Lyantonde districts have public land and leasehold tenure.|
Population mainly rural based subsistence smallholders and agropastoral communities with over 50% living under poverty.

Sur la base de quel critère/indicateur(s) (sans relation avec la stratégie) la pratique proposée et technologie correspondante ont-elles été considérées comme « meilleures »?

(i) Technically feasible;
(ii) Economical;
(iii) Environmentally friendly;
(iv) Socially acceptable.

Principaux problèmes abordés par la meilleure pratique

(a) Control of soil erosion;
(b) Low crop yields;
(c) Lack of resiliency to climate variability;
(d) High labour costs;
(e)Soil nutrient depletion.

Décrivez les principaux problèmes liés à la dégradation des terres abordés par la meilleure pratique

(a) Soil erosion;
(b) Soil nutrient depletion.

Précisez les objectifs de la meilleure pratique

(a) To reduce land degradation and increase resiliency of annual cropping systems to climate variability through promoting the application of CA practices;
(b) To increase efficiency in use of soil nutrients and tillage technologies to increase crop productivity, food security and household incomes.|

Brève description des principales activités, par objectif

1. Establishment of permanent planting basins across the slope before onset of rains;
2. Application of manure or inorganic basal fertilisers in the basins and covered with soil;
3. Ensure early planting at onset of rains;
4. Application of pre-emergence herbicides.
1. Ensure optimum plant populations in each basin at planting and take care to increase the survival rates;
2. Mulch the established crop to conserve soil moisture, increase soil organic matter and suppress weeds;
3. Apply top dressing fertilisers in each basin as appropriate to increase crop vigour, biomass, resistance to pests/ diseases, and effective flowering and filling;
4. After harvesting, cut down the crop straw and use it to mulch in-between the planting rows.|5. Open the planting basins for next season planting after harvesting the previous season's crop when the soil is still soft;
6. Implement a crop rotation system for the next planting season.

Brève description et caractéristiques techniques de la technologie

The identified site is slashed in preparation for construction of permanent planting basins. The basins are constructed using a hand hoe across the slope, with dimensions  of: width 15cm; depth 15cm;  and length 35cm. The distance from one basin to the next in the row is 35cm and the distance between rows is 75cm. Preparation for planting includes application of agricultural lime in basins where soils are acidic, application of basal fertilisers especially Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) one soda bottle top. Where not affordable, application of organic manure (one half-litre cup) should be added and covered with soil up to 10cm depth. Select clean and healthy seeds and ensure early planting at the onset of rains. Seed rates e.g. fr maize 3 seeds per basin, beans 6 seeds per basin, ground nuts 6 seeds per basin, soyabean 8 seeds per basin and cotton 4 seeds per basin. Apply Glyphosate herbicides at pre-emergence stage. Apply additional mulch in-between rows after the plant have established. For cereal crops, you may apply nitrogen fertilisers.|

Nom et adresse de l’institution développant la technologie

Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Inustry and Fisheries (MAAIF) |P.O. Box 102, Entebbe, Uganda
Tel. +256-414-343696 (off)
Tel. +256-752-642536; +256-717-852104
E-mail. smuwaya@yahoo.com

La technologie a-t-elle été développée en partenariat ?

Oui

Dressez la liste des partenaires :

1. Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Inimal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF);
2. Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) Secretariat;
3. Zambia Conservation Farming Unit (CFU);
4. Rural Enterprise Development Services (REDS); and
5. National Agriculture Research organisation (NARO).|

Précisez le cadre de promotion de la technologie

• Initiative basée sur un programme/projet
• Autre (précisez)

Précisez:

N/A

La participation des parties prenantes locales, y compris des OSC, a-t-elle été recherchée au cours du développement de la technologie ?

Oui

Dressez la liste des parties prenantes locales:

(a) 14 community groups from 6 dryland districts
(b) 6 District Local Governments

Précisez le rôle des parties prenantes ci-dessus dans la conception, l’introduction, l’utilisation et la maintenance de la technologie, le cas échéant.

1. MAAIF - Integrated CA in SLM programme implemented in 6 districts; trained 14 community groups and supplied inputs and monitoring of activities;
2. COMESA Secretariat - Facilitate capacity building, awareness raising and support catalytic activities through study tours to Zambia;
3. Zambia CFU - Provide best practices and on-ground experience to Uganda officials and training of trainers.
4. REDS - Provide local training and extension services, input supply to farmers in some districts of Uganda;
5. District Local Governments (DLGs) - Identify community groups, procure CA inputs, supervise and monitor progress of CA activities in the respective districts, collect data on results of CA demos and provide progress reports.
6. Communities - Provide land and manage demo plots.|

La population vivant sur ou à proximité du site a-t-elle été impliquée dans le développement de la technologie?

Oui

Par quels moyens?

• Approches participatives
• Autre (précisez)

Précisez:

N/A

Décrivez les impacts sur site (les deux principaux impacts par catégorie)

Under the conventional cropping system, farmers on average receive maize yields of 750 kg/ha. Farmers who practiced CA received yields between 1500-2250 kg/ha in the first cropping season and this is expected to increase a they perfect the practice.|
None
Increased yields from CA practice provide additional benefits of food security and better incomes.
Efficient nutrient management increased he biomass production which provides mulch and increases soil organic matter, hence higher productivity of the soil.|
With the continuous return of crop residues as mulch over soil, there is increasing build up of soil organic matter.|
Farmers are able to produce more with less labour as CA helps them to distribute their labor e.g. by preparation of permanent planting basins in the dry season when labour is idle and reduce the drudgery by using herbicides for weed control. This is frees school children and women to do other work.
None
The minimum tillage drastically reduces soil erosion. The permanent planting basins constructed across slopes act as sinks to absorb run-off water, hence preventing erosion. Mulching equally deters movement of soil particles during rains.|

Décrivez les deux principaux impacts hors site (dans les environs)

Controlling soil erosion in annual cropping systems represents a significant step in controlling siltation of major water bodies f international importance such as Lake Victoria and Lake Kyoga.
Carbon sequestration - Continuous application of organic matter through return of residues increases soil carbon.

Impact sur la biodiversité et le changement climatique

Décrivez:

Continuous application of crop residues increases soil organic matter and below ground biodiversity as humus is a source of food for many microorganisms. The added OM contributes to sequestration of carbon contributing to climate change mitigation while the increased resilience of the crop to drought with application of OM contributes to climate change adaptation.

Une analyse coût-avantage a-t-elle été réalisée?

Une analyse coût-avantage a-t-elle été réalisée? :

Non

La technologie a-t-elle été diffusée/introduite sur d’autres sites?

La technologie a-t-elle été diffusée/introduite sur d’autres sites? :

Oui

Où?

Other sub-counties in the 6 project istricts.

Des mesures d’incitation ont-elles été mises en place pour faciliter le lancement de la technologie?

Des mesures d’incitation ont-elles été mises en place pour faciliter le lancement de la technologie?

Oui

Précisez le type de mesure d’incitation:

• Mesures d’incitation financières (telles que des taux préférentiels, aide d’État, subventions, dons, prêts, etc.)

Pouvez-vous identifier les trois principales conditions ayant favorisé la réussite de la meilleure pratique/technologie présentée?

Improved incomes - this provided a big incentive for the farming groups as they are able to meet their household needs and save some money for investment.
Technically sound but simple - The practice is very simple, does not require specialised skills and can be easily done by men, women and chaildren.|
Cost effective operations - The activities are cost effective since operations are not labour intensive and the labour requirements are spread out throughout the year, even in the dry season when labour is idle.|

Réplication

Selon vous, la meilleure pratique/technologie proposée peut-elle reproduite, y compris avec un certain degré d’adaptation?

Oui

Si oui, à quel niveau?

• Local
• Sous-national
• National
• Régional

Liées aux ressources humaines

1. The practice has been effective in ensuring distribution of labour as opposed to the labour bottlenecks created by the conventional farming systems.
2. The use of herbicides to control weeds saves a lot of time and labour that can be put to other productive uses or even give the farmers time to rest in preparation for other activities.

Liées aux aspects techniques

1. The practice has proved to be technically simple and can be easily carried out by all classes of farmers.
2. The partnerships created enable the farmers to access genuine inputs locally ad timely to enable them plant the crops on time.