1.2 Coordonnées des personnes-ressources et des institutions impliquées dans l'évaluation et la documentation de l'Approche

1.3 Conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées

Le compilateur et la(les) personne(s) ressource(s) acceptent les conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées:

Oui

1.4 Références au(x) questionnaire(s) sur les Technologies de GDT

2.1 Courte description de l'Approche

Optimising rainwater use, reduce runoff by use of basins and reduce evaporation losses by applying a mulch (stone/reeds) on the runoff strip and in the basins.

2.2 Description détaillée de l'Approche

Description détaillée de l'Approche:

Aims / objectives: Given the marginal soils of a clayey nature and/or slope terrain, coupled with erratic rainfall events, the technology aims to harvest available rain water and prevent runoff and soil loss. At present, PRAs are conducted in target areas and so far, people are eager to adopt the technology. The aim is to train them and assist in constructing the basins so that after a year they will be able to take over the project entirely even though the team will still be around to provide advice should the need arise.

2.3 Photos de l'approche

2.5 Pays/ région/ lieux où l'Approche a été appliquée

2.6 Dates de début et de fin de l'Approche

2.7 Type d'Approche

• fondé sur un projet/ programme

2.8 Principaux objectifs de l'Approche

The Approach focused on SLM only (n/a)

*To make optimal use of pre-plant water that collects in basins from summer rains that fall during the fallow period. Saved water very beneficial during the reproductive growth of plants which often occurs when there is no rain.
*Prevention of soil and water loss through water erosion and runoff by the use of basins.
*Restriction of evaporation by the use of mulch. Straw is mostly preferred for its biodegradability although stone in comparative percentage cover is more effective.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: The target areas are marginal for crop production because of relatively low and erratic rainfall and dominantly clay soils on which the precipitation use efficiency is low because of high losses due to runoff and evaporation form the soul surface.

2.9 Conditions favorisant ou entravant la mise en œuvre de la(des) Technologie(s) appliquée(s) sous l'Approche

3.1 Parties prenantes impliquées dans l'Approche et rôles

3.2 Participation des exploitants locaux des terres/ communautés locales aux différentes phases de l'Approche

	Participation des exploitants locaux des terres/ communautés locales	Spécifiez qui était impliqué et décrivez les activités
initiation/ motivation	aucun	rapid/participatory rural appraisal
planification	aucun
mise en œuvre	passive	casual labour
suivi/ évaluation	interactive
Research	aucun	on-farm; On-station experiments are conducted at Glen to evaluate different SWC techniques. The new technology is transferred by means of on-farm demonstration plots and information days.

3.3 Diagramme/ organigramme (si disponible)

3.4 Prises de décision pour la sélection de la Technologie/ des Technologies

Indiquez qui a décidé de la sélection de la Technologie/ des Technologies à mettre en œuvre:

• les spécialistes de la GDT seuls

Expliquez:

land user driven (bottom-up). Realisation of poverty.

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by mainly by land users supported by SLM specialists. land user driven (bottom-up). The need of land users to alleviate poverty.

4.1 Renforcement des capacités/ formation

Une formation a-t-elle été dispensée aux exploitants des terres/ autres parties prenantes?

Oui

Spécifiez qui a été formé:

• exploitants des terres

• extensionists/trainers

Formats de la formation:

• zones de démonstration
• réunions publiques

Thèmes abordés:

Construction of basins; better understanding of the system in simple terms; the concept of infiltration, evapotranspiration; erosion and runoff.

4.2 Service de conseils

Les exploitants des terres ont-ils accès à un service de conseils?

Oui

Spécifiez si le service de conseils est fourni:

• dans des centres permanents

Décrivez/ commentez:

NDA Extension; Key elements: Assistance in technology transfer, Organising public meetings, Establishing & link between specialists and land users;
1) Advisory service was carried out through: government's existing extension system. Extension staff: mainly government employees
2) Target groups for extension: land users; Activities: Technology transfer

Advisory service is quite adequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; With a little persuasion, they assist completely.

4.3 Renforcement des institutions (développement organisationnel)

Des institutions ont elles été mises en place ou renforcées par le biais de l'Approche?

• oui, un peu

Spécifiez à quel(s) niveau(x), ces institutions ont été renforcées ou mises en place:

• local

Précisez le type de soutien:

• renforcement des capacités/ formation

4.4 Suivi et évaluation

Le suivi et l'évaluation font ils partie de l'Approche? :

Oui

Commentaires:

bio-physical aspects were regular monitored through measurements
socio-cultural aspects were None monitored through measurements
economic / production aspects were None monitored through measurements
There were few changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: An organic mulch can be placed in the basins and on the runoff strip to stop evaporation losses. However cattle are allowed to graze in the land after the crop has been harvested. There after there is almost no organic mulch left to cover the soil surface. Stones were then suggested as an alternative mulch.

4.5 Recherche

La recherche a-t-elle fait partie intégrante de l’Approche?

Oui

Spécifiez les thèmes:

• sociologie
• économie/ marketing
• technologie

Donnez plus de détails et indiquez qui a mené ces recherches:

Research was carried out both on station and on-farm

5.1 Budget annuel de la composante GDT de l'Approche

Si le budget annuel précis n'est pas connu, indiquez une fourchette:

• 100 000-1 000 000

Commentez (par ex. principales sources de financement/ principaux bailleurs de fonds):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: national non-government (Water Research Commission): 100.0%

5.2 Soutiens financiers/ matériels fournis aux exploitants des terres

Les exploitants des terres ont-ils reçu un soutien financier/ matériel pour la mise en œuvre de la Technologie/ des Technologies?

Oui

5.3 Subventions pour des intrants spécifiques (incluant la main d'œuvre)

• équipement

• intrants agricoles

Si la main d'œuvre fournie par les exploitants des terres était un intrant substantiel, elle était:

• payée en espèces

6.1 Impacts de l'Approche

6.3 Durabilité des activités de l'Approche

Les exploitants des terres peuvent-ils poursuivre ce qui a été mis en œuvre par le biais de l'Approche (sans soutien extérieur)?

• oui

6.4 Points forts/ avantages de l'Approche

Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités du point de vue de l'exploitant des terres
Produced higher yields.

Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé
Success of the WHB technique depends on suppressing water losses by runoff (R) and evaporation from the soil surface (Es). Measurements show that R has been reduced to zero and that Es has been reduced considerable, but still remains a serious avenue for water loss. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Future experimentation needs to focus on suppressing Es by any possible means.)
The WHB treatment gives considerably better yields than the conventional treatment. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Results from more seasons are needed to quantify the extent of this difference in a reliable way.)
Save on cultivation costs since no-till is employed.
The WHB technique is ell suited for use on very small pots, and even in townships. Many people in semi-arid areas could be usefully employed if this technique was widely adapted, and food security could be increased at the same time. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Extension work in this connection by the PSDA needs to be encourage.)
Soil loss from the land as a whole is zero. This is an important advantage over the conventional tillage in terms of sustainability.

6.5 Faiblesses/ inconvénients de l'Approche et moyens de les surmonter

Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques du point de vue de l’exploitant des terres	Comment peuvent-ils être surmontés?
It is labour intensive to initially construct the basins, by hand.

Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé	Comment peuvent-ils être surmontés?
There is some soil movement form the runoff area into the basins, ad basins may silt up over time.
Huge storms may overflow and break basin walls; and basins may need some maintenance.
In the case of small rainfall events all the water may not reach the basins.
Organic mulch may act as a sponge and absorb some of the rainwater.

7.1 Méthodes/ sources d'information

7.2 Références des publications disponibles

Titre, auteur, année, ISBN:

Optimising rainfall use efficiency for developing farmers with limited access to irrigation water, WRC Report No 878/1/00. Hensley, M; Botha, JJ; Anderson, JJ; Van Staden, PP & Du Toit, A. 2000Video 'In field Rainwater harvesting (1) Basic concepts to ensure agronomic and conservation sustainability in small scale farming'.The video illustrates the existing results obtained to enhance agronomic and conservation sustainability.

Disponible à partir d'où? Coût?

R120. Leon van Rensburg, P/B X01, Glen, 9360. Debruint@glen.agric.za

Titre, auteur, année, ISBN:

Optimising rainfall use efficiency for developing farmers with limited access to irrigation water, WRC Report No 878/1/00. Hensley, M; Botha, JJ; Anderson, JJ; Van Staden, PP & Du Toit, A. 2000

Titre, auteur, année, ISBN:

Video 'In field Rainwater harvesting (1) Basic concepts to ensure agronomic and conservation sustainability in small scale farming'.