Typical newar style rice farming for productivity and soil conservation (by puddling). [Népal]
- Création :
- Mise à jour :
- Compilateur : Sabita Aryal
- Rédacteur : –
- Examinateur : Fabian Ottiger
nepali language :- Dhan ropai
approaches_2520 - Népal
Voir les sections
Développer tout Réduire tout1. Informations générales
1.2 Coordonnées des personnes-ressources et des institutions impliquées dans l'évaluation et la documentation de l'Approche
Spécialiste GDT:
Sharma Shyam
Kathmandu University
Népal
Spécialiste GDT:
Shrestha Bibek
Kathmandu University
Népal
Spécialiste GDT:
Maharjan Shanta
Népal
Spécialiste GDT:
Maharjan Buddhi
Népal
Nom du ou des institutions qui ont facilité la documentation/ l'évaluation de l'Approche (si pertinent)
Kathmandu University (KU) - Népal1.3 Conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées
Le compilateur et la(les) personne(s) ressource(s) acceptent les conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées:
Oui
2. Description de l'Approche de GDT
2.1 Courte description de l'Approche
Typical Newari style rice farming ages long ,traditional and sustainable way of agriculture that is more focused on increasing rice production and maintaining field's productivity.
2.2 Description détaillée de l'Approche
Description détaillée de l'Approche:
Aims / objectives: The main objective of the approach is to study how this indigenous method of rice cultivation is helping to increase rice yield and prevent the land from going barren. It is also centered to know about the involvement of various organizations like local government and INGOs in the process.
Methods: We followed the listed steps.
i)Site Visit
ii)interview with the local farmers
iii)question the labors
iv)literature review through books and intenet
Stages of implementation: i)land preparation
ii)crop preparation
iii)crop transplantation
iv)harvest
Role of stakeholders: Government:-More accessible and affordable and subsidies in budget
More initiative for the farmers in term of knowledge ,training and other technologies
Local administration :-Easy supply of machines,tools chemical fertilizer should be ensured
Other important information: Since it is an indigenous method for rice production,and were in practice for hundred of years, the recent racial mixture and introduction of newer method from terai has resulted into vast change in the methods and methodology of this newari method of typical rice production.
2.3 Photos de l'approche
2.5 Pays/ région/ lieux où l'Approche a été appliquée
Pays:
Népal
Région/ Etat/ Province:
Nepal
Autres spécifications du lieu :
kathmandu
Map
×2.7 Type d'Approche
- traditionnel/ autochtone
2.8 Principaux objectifs de l'Approche
The Approach focused mainly on other activities than SLM (Productivity of rice crops)
To study the typical approach of rice farming and learn about the problems it is currently suffering.
The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: Low agriculture production due to change in monsoon pattern,decremented soil fertility due to excavation for brick industries and lack of modern techniques and methods to cope the problems.
2.9 Conditions favorisant ou entravant la mise en œuvre de la(des) Technologie(s) appliquée(s) sous l'Approche
normes et valeurs sociales/ culturelles/ religieuses
- entrave
Due to massive introduction of new methods of farming, the typical newari method has been altered. This has resulted into loss of expertise and indigenous knowledge that may cause some serious irreversible loss in Nepalese talenet.
Treatment through the SLM Approach: Government or other institutions should document the newari method of agriculture for future application.
disponibilité/ accès aux ressources et services financiers
- entrave
Farmers have difficulties to arrange fund in off season. Also sometime they need to burrow money at heavy interest.
Treatment through the SLM Approach: Government can provide interest free loan to farmers.
cadre juridique (régime foncier, droits d'utilisation des terres et de l'eau)
- entrave
Conflicts among locals on resources like water due to extremely limited supply.
Treatment through the SLM Approach: mutual cooperation and advance level of engineering to design water supply for irrigation in the field
The existing land ownership, land use rights / water rights hindered a little the approach implementation Community ownership meant no hindrance for development.
connaissances sur la GDT, accès aux supports techniques
- entrave
some efficient and new technology (genetically modified crop) and lack of advance equipment for agriculture
Treatment through the SLM Approach: Administration and local authority should address this and inform farmers about the agricultural advancement through Agricultural Ministry.
charge de travail, disponibilité de la main-d'œuvre
- entrave
Since agriculture is tedious job, farmers are always lacking manpower to help themselves.
Sometimes they are forced to hire expensive workers.
Treatment through the SLM Approach: Government and other institutions should help farmer to get technologies that can help them to decrease their work load.
autre
- entrave
Other constraints may include lack of younger generations interest in farming.
Treatment through the SLM Approach: Better education in schools and establishment of agricultural universities may increase their interest.
3. Participation et rôles des parties prenantes impliquées dans l'Approche
3.1 Parties prenantes impliquées dans l'Approche et rôles
- exploitants locaux des terres / communautés locales
Land owners in Kirtipur, Kathmandu
Men are adopting other occupations like moving to middle east or other private job because of better and continuous income and profit. While younger generations are moving abroad for the similar reason. So, the female are mostly limited and focused in the cultivation of the crop. Both male and female is 20s and above 50s who are mostly economically disadvantaged.
- Spécialistes de la GDT/ conseillers agricoles
Agrospecialist working on Ministry of Agriculture
- enseignants/ élèves/ étudiants
Developing importance of non toixic food production
- ONG
environmentalist belong to NGOs ,FAO
- gouvernement local
Village Developmental Commitee
- gouvernement national (planificateurs, décideurs)
Agrospecialist from Ministry of Agriculture and Forest.
- The ancient newari tribe.
3.2 Participation des exploitants locaux des terres/ communautés locales aux différentes phases de l'Approche
Participation des exploitants locaux des terres/ communautés locales | Spécifiez qui était impliqué et décrivez les activités | |
---|---|---|
initiation/ motivation | auto-mobilisation | Specially promoted by organic business enterprise for exporting them as a better product. |
planification | auto-mobilisation | Everything is planned by the local community or the land owner. |
mise en œuvre | interactive | This method is still used by newari community of Nepal. |
suivi/ évaluation | auto-mobilisation | Negative impact from the fertilizer ,the need of organic food production is taking good speed for the better world.for this FAO and other local people are showing their activeness . |
Research | aucun | For this approach very few research been done and need immediate documentation. |
3.3 Diagramme/ organigramme (si disponible)
Description:
The flowchart shows the hierarchy of this approach. This methodology of rice production was handed over generation over generation. the newer generation learn from the older people from their community.
3.4 Prises de décision pour la sélection de la Technologie/ des Technologies
Indiquez qui a décidé de la sélection de la Technologie/ des Technologies à mettre en œuvre:
- les exploitants des terres seuls (auto-initiative)
Expliquez:
Usually all the work is done on the lower administration ,community level and the owners themselves.But due to the social awareness program organize by some socially active organization, the organic method of agriculture along with the modification of traditional agricultural method is getting popularity. As the result of which there is a paradigm shift in farming in Nepal although there is no major involvement of Ministry of Agriculture.
Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by by land users* alone (self-initiative / bottom-up)
4. Soutien technique, renforcement des capacités et gestion des connaissances
4.3 Renforcement des institutions (développement organisationnel)
Des institutions ont elles été mises en place ou renforcées par le biais de l'Approche?
- oui, modérément
Spécifiez à quel(s) niveau(x), ces institutions ont été renforcées ou mises en place:
- local
Précisez le type de soutien:
- financier
- renforcement des capacités/ formation
- équipement
Donnez plus de détails:
Local governing bodies along with some INGOs and NGOs are always ready to help the farmers. Their helps include hybrid seed and occasional seeds.
4.4 Suivi et évaluation
Le suivi et l'évaluation font ils partie de l'Approche? :
Oui
Commentaires:
socio-cultural aspects were monitored by land users through observations
economic / production aspects were monitored by land users through observations
4.5 Recherche
La recherche a-t-elle fait partie intégrante de l’Approche?
Oui
Spécifiez les thèmes:
- économie/ marketing
- technologie
Donnez plus de détails et indiquez qui a mené ces recherches:
Small research was done by conducting interview with the land owners and going through literatures of the related topics.
Research was carried out on-farm
5. Financement et soutien matériel externe
5.1 Budget annuel de la composante GDT de l'Approche
Commentez (par ex. principales sources de financement/ principaux bailleurs de fonds):
Approach costs were met by the following donors: local government (district, county, municipality, village etc) (Support from Nepalese government like seeds,fertilizer etc.): 4.0%; local community / land user(s) (Small support from INGOs like FAO,World Bank.): 95.0%; other: 1.0%
5.2 Soutiens financiers/ matériels fournis aux exploitants des terres
Les exploitants des terres ont-ils reçu un soutien financier/ matériel pour la mise en œuvre de la Technologie/ des Technologies?
Oui
5.3 Subventions pour des intrants spécifiques (incluant la main d'œuvre)
- équipement
Spécifiez les intrants subventionnés | Dans quelle mesure | Spécifiez les subventions |
---|---|---|
machines | entièrement financé | |
outils | entièrement financé | |
Si la main d'œuvre fournie par les exploitants des terres était un intrant substantiel, elle était:
- payée en espèces
Commentaires:
Since there is lack of manpower, farmers are forced to hire expensive labors to meet their wok demand. They mostly pay the labors in cash.
5.4 Crédits
Des crédits ont-ils été alloués à travers l'Approche pour les activités de GDT?
Non
6. Analyses d'impact et conclusions
6.1 Impacts de l'Approche
Est-ce que l'Approche a aidé les exploitants des terres à mettre en œuvre et entretenir les Technologies de GDT?
- Non
- Oui, un peu
- Oui, modérément
- Oui, beaucoup
This method of rice cultivation is in practice for hundred of years and its success clearly shows that it is effective in soil conservation.
Est-ce que l'Approche a autonomisé les groupes socialement et économiquement défavorisés?
- Non
- Oui, un peu
- Oui, modérément
- Oui, beaucoup
There is no much improvement,though they some job opportunity to improve their life style.
Est-ce que l'Approche a amélioré les questions foncières et des droits d'utilisation qui entravent la mise en œuvre des Technologies?
- Non
- Oui, un peu
- Oui, modérément
- Oui, beaucoup
There are no hindrance. The problem is likely to be overcome in the near future. The approach creates a effective framework that can be used in future.
Did other land users / projects adopt the Approach?
- Non
- Oui, un peu
- Oui, modérément
- Oui, beaucoup
Adopted by some native people of neighboring districts.
Did the Approach lead to improved livelihoods / human well-being?
- Non
- Oui, un peu
- Oui, modérément
- Oui, beaucoup
Yes, this method has clearly helped thousands of newari farmers by increasing their yield and maintaining their farm's productivity.
Did the Approach help to alleviate poverty?
- Non
- Oui, un peu
- Oui, modérément
- Oui, beaucoup
Yes, the increased yield has helped people increase their living standard and helped alleviate their poverty.
6.2 Principale motivation des exploitants des terres pour mettre en œuvre la GDT
- augmenter la production
- augmenter la rentabilité/ bénéfice, rapport coûts-bénéfices
- paiements/ subventions
- prestige, pression sociale/ cohésion sociale
- améliorer l'esthétique
- well-being and livelihoods improvement
6.3 Durabilité des activités de l'Approche
Les exploitants des terres peuvent-ils poursuivre ce qui a été mis en œuvre par le biais de l'Approche (sans soutien extérieur)?
- oui
Si oui, décrivez de quelle manière:
Yes, we believe that the farmers can keep continuing the approach activities without support as it is very easy and indigenous method for farming.
6.4 Points forts/ avantages de l'Approche
Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités du point de vue de l'exploitant des terres |
---|
1.It is easy method to apply and it increase the soil fertility rate . 2. good quality of rice by the use of puddling process and organic fertilizer. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: 1. Repair the soil infertility. ) |
Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé |
---|
1. It is traditional ,unique and indigenous technique. 2.Its been good at yielding more productivity. 3. It is helping soil from getting barren. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: 1.More facilities,subsidies,loan,etc for farmers. 2.Introduction of innovative and new technologies. 3.Teaching farmers the new and advanced knowledge.) |
6.5 Faiblesses/ inconvénients de l'Approche et moyens de les surmonter
Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques du point de vue de l’exploitant des terres | Comment peuvent-ils être surmontés? |
---|---|
1.Less effective due to lack of equipment and alternative backup plan. |
1. More research ,advise center for agriculture development should be provide by by the top level. |
Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé | Comment peuvent-ils être surmontés? |
---|---|
1. It cannot be the ultimate way of addressing of per capita income. 2. Many people are showing less interest. 3.It results in relatively less earning and thus very less respected. |
1.Change in attitude farming among people. 2.More fund for the research should be allocated. 3. More colleges specialized for agriculture should be established. |
7. Références et liens
7.1 Méthodes/ sources d'information
- visites de terrain, enquêtes sur le terrain
- interviews/entretiens avec les exploitants des terres
7.2 Références des publications disponibles
Titre, auteur, année, ISBN:
wikipedia/internet and article base on organic food(rice farming)
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