1.2 Coordonnées des personnes-ressources et des institutions impliquées dans l'évaluation et la documentation de l'Approche

Nom du projet qui a facilité la documentation/ l'évaluation de l'Approche (si pertinent)

Applying Landscape and Sustainable Land Management (L-SLM) for mitigating land degradation and contributing to poverty reduction in rural area (L-SLM Project)

Nom du ou des institutions qui ont facilité la documentation/ l'évaluation de l'Approche (si pertinent)

Watershed Organisation Trust (WOTR) - Inde

1.3 Conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées

Quand les données ont-elles été compilées (sur le terrain)?

18/09/2025

Le compilateur et la(les) personne(s) ressource(s) acceptent les conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées:

Oui

2.1 Courte description de l'Approche

Participatory Net Planning (PNP) is a practical methodology that actively engages landowners and local stakeholders in planning and implementing measures for land use, soil conservation, water harvesting, and biomass development. It aims to regenerate ecosystems and improve the sustainability of watersheds through site-specific resource management. PNP emphasizes the conservation, productivity enhancement, and sustainable use of natural and biological resources. It involves assessing the current condition and use of land, water, and vegetation, and preparing detailed plans—with estimated costs and timelines—to achieve the desired outcomes.
In Participatory Net Planning (PNP), the term “Net” represents a complete and interconnected planning framework where every land parcel within a watershed is individually assessed and linked to the larger watershed system. It highlights a network-based approach that integrates soil, water, vegetation, and community needs, ensuring that interventions on one farm support resource conservation and productivity across neighboring and downstream lands. Overall, it signifies a holistic and coordinated system where all stakeholders and resources are planned collectively for sustainable and long-term watershed management.

2.2 Description détaillée de l'Approche

Description détaillée de l'Approche:

By design, PNP functions as a tool for mobilization, training, monitoring, and evaluation in watershed programs.
Its key objectives are:

•Building ownership and commitment among landowners and stakeholders to ensure the long-term sustainability of watershed interventions.
•Planning site-specific measures that meet local needs, improve productivity, and address resource challenges.
•Developing realistic plans with clear activities, budgets, and timelines that can be implemented effectively, minimizing gaps between planned and actual outcomes.

The PNP approach places stakeholders at the center of the process. Landowners, farmers (both men and women), or users of Common Property Resources (CPRs) are directly involved in decision-making for their land or shared resources. During PNP exercises, the planning team visits each landholding or CPR along with the concerned stakeholders to jointly survey, assess, and plan interventions.
Stakeholders share their views on current and proposed land use and the necessary soil and water conservation treatments. The team discusses best practices and scientific options for land management, explaining their benefits and suitability. The final decision on interventions rests with the stakeholder—except when proposed actions could harm neighboring lands, CPRs, or the environment. In such cases, efforts are made to reach a consensus; if not possible, treatments on that land are withheld.
Once agreement is reached, the proposed measures are documented in writing and mapped on a diagram of the land or CPR.
PNP is gender-inclusive, ensuring both men and women participate in planning and decision-making. Ideally, the farming couple or land-owning couple is present during planning, even when land is officially registered in the man’s name. For CPRs, where stakeholders include landless people, marginal farmers, livestock owners, and shepherd communities, institutions like the Village Watershed Committee (VWC), Village Development Committee (VDC), and Gram Panchayat (GP) are involved. Their role is to ensure equitable access to ressources, manage conflicts, and establish transparent and representative local institutions for sustainable management of CPRs and create assets.
The Participatory Net Plan is more than just a planning document—it serves as a blueprint for implementation. Written in the local language, it remains accessible to stakeholders for regular reference. The plan is flexible and adaptive, evolving as new information emerges or stakeholders revise their preferences. Thus, it acts as a “living document” that supports transparency, continuous monitoring, and accountability.

2.3 Photos de l'approche

2.5 Pays/ région/ lieux où l'Approche a été appliquée

2.6 Dates de début et de fin de l'Approche

2.7 Type d'Approche

• fondé sur un projet/ programme

2.8 Principaux objectifs de l'Approche

The main objectives of Participatory Net Planning (PNP) are:
•To build a sense of ownership and commitment among landowners and other stakeholders within a watershed, ensuring long-term sustainability of the implemented measures.
•To plan site-specific interventions, meet stakeholder needs, and enhance land and water productivity.
•To develop practical proposals with clear activities, budgets, and timelines that ensure planned measures are effectively implemented and easily scaled up.

2.9 Conditions favorisant ou entravant la mise en œuvre de la(des) Technologie(s) appliquée(s) sous l'Approche

3.1 Parties prenantes impliquées dans l'Approche et rôles

3.2 Participation des exploitants locaux des terres/ communautés locales aux différentes phases de l'Approche

	Participation des exploitants locaux des terres/ communautés locales	Spécifiez qui était impliqué et décrivez les activités
initiation/ motivation	interactive	Local people are involved in awareness sessions, discussions, and joint problem analysis. Villagers, farmer groups, and watershed committees participate in identifying issues, priorities, and resources.
planification	interactive	Local communities participate in mapping land, resources, and existing interventions. They jointly develop action plans, decide on resource allocation, and may plan their own initiatives (self-mobilization).
mise en œuvre	interactive	Communities implement activities like soil and water conservation structures, plantations, or crop management. Some activities may be supported by food/cash/material incentives, but local ownership is emphasized.
suivi/ évaluation	interactive	Local groups participate in tracking progress, maintaining records, and providing feedback. Village committees and farmer groups jointly evaluate the success of interventions and suggest corrective measures.
Farmers and local knowledge	interactive	Farmers provide local knowledge, observations, and data for research purposes. They interact with external teams for documentation, experimentation, and knowledge sharing.

3.3 Diagramme/ organigramme (si disponible)

3.4 Prises de décision pour la sélection de la Technologie/ des Technologies

Indiquez qui a décidé de la sélection de la Technologie/ des Technologies à mettre en œuvre:

• tous les acteurs concernés dans le cadre d'une approche participative

Expliquez:

The PNP approach helps identify the current land use and understand the socio-economic conditions linked to it. It aims to improve farmers’ income by suggesting better land use patterns. Technical and agricultural experts play a key role in preparing the proposed land use plan, which is then replicated with other farmers in the village. The village committee is essential for mobilizing and encouraging community participation in this process.

Spécifiez sur quelle base ont été prises les décisions:

• l'évaluation de connaissances bien documentées en matière de GDT (prises de décision fondées sur des preuves tangibles)?
• expériences et opinions personnelles (non documentées)

4.1 Renforcement des capacités/ formation

Une formation a-t-elle été dispensée aux exploitants des terres/ autres parties prenantes?

Oui

Spécifiez qui a été formé:

• exploitants des terres
• personnels/ conseillers de terrain

Formats de la formation:

• entre agriculteurs (d'exploitants à exploitants)
• zones de démonstration
• réunions publiques

Thèmes abordés:

Assessment of current land use, classification of land types, and implementation of on-site soil conservation measures.

Commentaires:

A joint meeting of multiple landowners is organized to share basic information, followed by a field demonstration in one of the plots to explain the planning tool. Photos and videos of various in-situ soil conservation measures, aligned with the land use and land cover, are also presented.

4.2 Service de conseils

Les exploitants des terres ont-ils accès à un service de conseils?

Oui

Spécifiez si le service de conseils est fourni:

• dans les champs des exploitants?
• dans des centres permanents

Décrivez/ commentez:

The service is provided under the project by the implementing agency. The landowner can develop the land according to requirements with the assistance of a land developer or consultant.

4.3 Renforcement des institutions (développement organisationnel)

Des institutions ont elles été mises en place ou renforcées par le biais de l'Approche?

• oui, beaucoup

Spécifiez à quel(s) niveau(x), ces institutions ont été renforcées ou mises en place:

• local
• régional

Décrivez l'institution, ses rôles et responsabilités, ses membres, etc.

The planning tool is a socio-technical approach used for sustainable land development. Agricultural engineers, social engineers, and environmental experts from institutions can participate, along with officers from the Forest and Agricultural departments.

Précisez le type de soutien:

• financier
• renforcement des capacités/ formation

4.4 Suivi et évaluation

Le suivi et l'évaluation font ils partie de l'Approche? :

Oui

Commentaires:

The overall plan is verified on a sample basis to ensure quality and alignment with ground reality.

Si oui, ce document est-il destiné à être utilisé pour le suivi et l'évaluation?

Oui

Commentaires:

Field verification shall be conducted based on the prepared planning documents.

4.5 Recherche

La recherche a-t-elle fait partie intégrante de l’Approche?

Oui

Spécifiez les thèmes:

• sociologie
• économie/ marketing
• écologie
• technologie

Donnez plus de détails et indiquez qui a mené ces recherches:

Experts involved in the planning and implementation of the PNP contribute their experience. While research was not the primary focus, insights gained during community mobilization and watershed plan execution help improve the approach for smoother implementation.

5.1 Budget annuel de la composante GDT de l'Approche

Si le budget annuel précis n'est pas connu, indiquez une fourchette:

• < 2 000

Commentez (par ex. principales sources de financement/ principaux bailleurs de fonds):

The total cost from planning to implementation is measured per hectare and ranges from ₹20,000 to ₹50,000 per hectare, depending on the proposed land use.

5.2 Soutiens financiers/ matériels fournis aux exploitants des terres

Les exploitants des terres ont-ils reçu un soutien financier/ matériel pour la mise en œuvre de la Technologie/ des Technologies?

Oui

5.3 Subventions pour des intrants spécifiques (incluant la main d'œuvre)

• aucun

Si la main d'œuvre fournie par les exploitants des terres était un intrant substantiel, elle était:

• volontaire

5.4 Crédits

Des crédits ont-ils été alloués à travers l'Approche pour les activités de GDT?

Non

5.5 Autres incitations ou instruments

D'autres incitations ou instruments ont-ils été utilisés pour promouvoir la mise en œuvre des Technologies de GDT?

Non

6.1 Impacts de l'Approche

6.2 Principale motivation des exploitants des terres pour mettre en œuvre la GDT

6.3 Durabilité des activités de l'Approche

Les exploitants des terres peuvent-ils poursuivre ce qui a été mis en œuvre par le biais de l'Approche (sans soutien extérieur)?

• oui

Si oui, décrivez de quelle manière:

Land users can sustain the interventions implemented through the PNP approach without external support, provided they have gained adequate knowledge, skills, and ownership during the participatory planning process. The focus on locally appropriate techniques, use of available resources, and community involvement ensures long-term sustainability.

6.4 Points forts/ avantages de l'Approche

Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités du point de vue de l'exploitant des terres
Participatory Decision-Making: Land users actively contribute ideas and decisions, ensuring the plan reflects their needs and priorities.
Improved Knowledge: Farmers gain practical knowledge about soil, land use, and conservation techniques.
Sustainable Land Management: Encourages adoption of site-specific, in-situ conservation measures that improve soil fertility and productivity.
Livelihood Opportunities: Identifies farm-based income options, such as dairy, fodder production, and agroforestry.
Resource Optimization: Promotes efficient use of local resources like stones, bushes, and organic matter.
Conflict Reduction: Helps mitigate disputes over land boundaries and reduces encroachments.
Empowerment: Strengthens community organization and gives women and marginalized groups more decision-making opportunities.
Long-Term Benefits: Supports soil moisture retention, biomass production, and water conservation, leading to resilient agriculture.

Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé
Effective Planning Tool: Provides a structured framework for assessing land, soil, and resources scientifically.
Community Engagement: Facilitates active participation of landowners, enhancing acceptance and ownership of interventions.
Integrated Approach: Combines technical, social, and environmental considerations for sustainable land management.
Field-Oriented Learning: Allows experts to demonstrate techniques and observe practical challenges.
Sustainability Focus: Encourages adoption of low-cost, locally suitable interventions that are maintainable without continuous external support.
Conflict Mitigation: Helps in discussing land disputes and clarifying boundaries.
Scalable & Replicable: Can be applied across multiple fields or villages for wider impact.

6.5 Faiblesses/ inconvénients de l'Approche et moyens de les surmonter

Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques du point de vue de l’exploitant des terres	Comment peuvent-ils être surmontés?
Time-Consuming: Participatory meetings and field exercises require considerable time.	Time Management: Schedule meetings and demonstrations at convenient times for farmers.
Resource Dependence: Initial implementation may need materials or guidance not readily available to all farmers.	Local Resource Use: Emphasize low-cost, locally available materials for interventions.
Knowledge Gap: Some farmers may initially struggle to understand technical aspects.	Capacity Building: Provide training and simple demonstration tools to bridge technical knowledge gaps.
Group Dynamics: Conflicts or dominant voices within the group may affect decision-making.	Facilitation: Use neutral facilitators to manage group discussions and ensure all voices are heard.
Maintenance Challenges: Sustaining interventions over time without support can be difficult for some households.	Follow-Up Support: Provide periodic guidance and monitoring to help farmers maintain interventions.

Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé	Comment peuvent-ils être surmontés?
Time-Intensive: Participatory planning and field exercises require significant time and effort.	Efficient Scheduling: Plan activities to minimize disruption to farmers’ regular work.
Dependence on Community Cooperation: Effectiveness relies on active participation and willingness of land users.	Capacity Building: Train community members to enhance understanding and technical competence.
Limited Technical Precision: Field-level decisions may sometimes compromise scientific accuracy due to local constraints.	Facilitation & Guidance: Experts guide discussions to balance local preferences with technical requirements.
Resource Limitations: Availability of tools, inputs, or skilled manpower may restrict implementation.	Resource Planning: Ensure access to necessary inputs and tools before implementation.
Monitoring Challenges: Ensuring long-term adherence to recommended interventions can be difficult.	Follow-Up Mechanisms: Establish monitoring and support systems for sustained adoption.

7.1 Méthodes/ sources d'information

7.2 Références des publications disponibles

Titre, auteur, année, ISBN:

Participatory Net Planning: A Practitioner's Handbook, authored by Crispino Lobo. 2010. ISBN: 978-81-86748-23-7 [Supported by: German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ)]

Disponible à partir d'où? Coût?

https://wotr.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/WOTR-PNP-Practitioners-Handbook.pdf

7.3 Liens vers les informations pertinentes disponibles en ligne

Titre/ description:

Participatory Net Planning (PNP)

URL:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dU9dSJUgIQM

Titre/ description:

How to do Participatory Net planning

URL:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qGom-qA_be4

Titre/ description:

How to do Micro planning in Watershed Project

URL:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BDOKQBfcg-0

Titre/ description:

Rising Together: Building Resilient Communities for a Sustainable Tomorrow

URL:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0gCFkwkfwdg&t=2s

Titre/ description:

How to do Wealth Ranking in Watershed Project

URL:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ygiAy7f7Gpc

Titre/ description:

Integrated Watershed Management in Sinnar cluster, Nashik district, Maharashtra, India

URL:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9HfP20wucnE&t=3s

Titre/ description:

A New Beginning

URL:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LBzF7DXbedM&t=2s