1.2 Coordonnées des personnes-ressources et des institutions impliquées dans l'évaluation et la documentation de l'Approche

1.3 Conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées

Le compilateur et la(les) personne(s) ressource(s) acceptent les conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées:

Oui

1.4 Références au(x) questionnaire(s) sur les Technologies de GDT

2.1 Courte description de l'Approche

Sustainable livelihoods enhanced through people's organisations by linking with other resource organisations prticularly for resource poor.

2.2 Description détaillée de l'Approche

Description détaillée de l'Approche:

Aims / objectives: The name of the project is western orissa rural livelihoods project, supergoal-reduction of poverty in rainfed areas of India, goal- More effective approaches to sustainable rural livelihoods adopted by government agencies & other stakeholders in KBK districts & elsewhere. The overall purpose is sustainable livelihoods, particularly fo the poorest, promoted in 4 districts in replicable ways by 2010 & to reduce poverty by promoting livelihoods initiatives particularly resource poor. Unlike DFID(I)'s earlier rural development projects, WORLP will work within government & follow GOI's watershed guidelines, but extra resources for ' watershed plus' activities: capacity building, minor irrigation, drinking water & livelihood initiatives for the poorest. WORLP is a part of wider effort to help Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) improve the effectiveness of watershed work nationally;'watershed plus' approach developed in WORLP will be tested for wider replication.

Methods: The project will have basically four types of impact: production impact, employment impact, Poverty alleviation impact & capacity building impact.The project would directly reavh a population of 725,000 people, 80% of whom would be people below poverty line-landless, marginal & small farmers. The Director of the Watershed Mission will answer to an empowered committee chaired by the Chief Secretary; district level will be strenghthened by the appointment of a Project Director-Watershed projects & staff to work alongside the District Rural Development Agencies, funds will be tranferred from the PD-DRDA to the PD-WSP; GoO has appointed full time watershed development teams at block level to support implementation of the KBK plan; WORLP may use these teams, but can also use other government agencies(including Forestry Department in areas with forest land) or NGOs as PIAs. DFID will finance a Project Support Unit at Bhubaneswar, Capacity Building Teams in districts & Livelihood Support Team at block level. The project will fall under state leve Watershed Mission, created to oversee implementation of all MoRDIts main focus is to work with existing strengths & build upon them. In this area 60 to 70% of th population live below official poverty line. Erratic rainfall, limited irrigation, poor capacity of government agencies & restricted opportunities for non-land based activities are major factors. But the key to poverty seems to be the structure of social relations: caste, untouchability, skewed land distribution, land alienation, dependence on money lenders, encroachment on common property resources, gender issues, all of which prevent access by pooe groups to natural resources.

2.3 Photos de l'approche

2.5 Pays/ région/ lieux où l'Approche a été appliquée

2.6 Dates de début et de fin de l'Approche

2.7 Type d'Approche

• fondé sur un projet/ programme

2.8 Principaux objectifs de l'Approche

The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (organising the people in general, & poor (defined by the criteria of villagers), analysis of of problems, constraints, opportunities, threat concerning five capitals like physical, social, natural, finacial & human &)

The objectives of the project approach are mainly three components. Promoting livelihoods improvements, capacity building of primary & secondary stakeholders & encouraging an enabling environment.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: Coping strategy against Drought, distressed migration, income in the lean period. Other problems are like employment opportunities, farm & non-farm activities for lan users & landless.

2.9 Conditions favorisant ou entravant la mise en œuvre de la(des) Technologie(s) appliquée(s) sous l'Approche

3.1 Parties prenantes impliquées dans l'Approche et rôles

3.2 Participation des exploitants locaux des terres/ communautés locales aux différentes phases de l'Approche

	Participation des exploitants locaux des terres/ communautés locales	Spécifiez qui était impliqué et décrivez les activités
initiation/ motivation	passive	public meetings; People started participating because root cause of every problem becomes clear to the community. Interaction with all villagers again & again through public contacts
planification	passive	rapid/participatory rural appraisal; Planning at time of drafting of micro-plan the land users went for transact of the area along with SWC specialist to sense the problem & alternative solutions.
mise en œuvre	soutien extérieur	Mainly: responsibility for minor steps; partly: casual labour; The implementation of the SWC was done by the User's group with supervision of Watershed committee. The Watershed committee provide cheque to the User's group.
suivi/ évaluation	aucun	Mainly: measurements/observations; partly: reporting; The monitoring is done at time of measurements/observation by the secretary & watershed committee. The rgular reporting was done by the watershed development team.
Research	auto-mobilisation	on-farm; On-farm demos of the agriculture, integrated nutrient management, intercropping & line sowing etc.

3.4 Prises de décision pour la sélection de la Technologie/ des Technologies

Indiquez qui a décidé de la sélection de la Technologie/ des Technologies à mettre en œuvre:

• principalement les exploitants des terres soutenus par des spécialistes de la GDT

Expliquez:

Firstly the Project implementing agency & team initiate the discussion in different ways, like training, exposure visits, focused group discussion.The first phase is called rapport building phase for one year, when the livelihood focused micro-plan is prepared. The micro-plan can be modified time to time as per the need & concern of the community.

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by mainly by land users supported by SLM specialists. In this approach in general & SWC measures in particular, firstly the land user's group raise proposal before the committee. The criteria behind the selection is poor land, poor people, contribution & ridge to valley approach. Than the land users agree to

4.1 Renforcement des capacités/ formation

Une formation a-t-elle été dispensée aux exploitants des terres/ autres parties prenantes?

Oui

Spécifiez qui a été formé:

• exploitants des terres

• SWC specialists (1), extensionists/trainers (2), planners (3)

Formats de la formation:

• sur le tas
• entre agriculteurs (d'exploitants à exploitants)
• zones de démonstration
• réunions publiques
• cours

Thèmes abordés:

Reconnainance survey through maps. Transact of the area, Identification of root cause of the problem & alternative solution & demonstration of different items so that the land users get a basket of choices. Another objective of the project to develop volunteers who will get some remuneration & help the land users for future maintainance, estimate, lay-out etc.

4.2 Service de conseils

Les exploitants des terres ont-ils accès à un service de conseils?

Oui

Spécifiez si le service de conseils est fourni:

• dans les champs des exploitants?

Décrivez/ commentez:

Name of method used for advisory service: Community based sustainable livelihoods.; Key elements: Amalgamation of social & natural resource., Agreement of User's grop, benefit sharing, conflict resolution, prioritisation, etc., Farmer to farmer extension, replication through 'learn by doing & teach by showing methods'; 1) Advisory service was carried out through: government's existing extension system, projects own extension structure and agents; Extension staff: mainly government employees 3) Target groups for extension: land users; Activities: Participatory resource mapping through T

Advisory service is inadequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; It is because it is really to early to conclude about extention. It requires high degree of common sense & commitment. Although extension service is in place but it needs coordination & management which will be hopefully developed by the project within next 3-4 years.

4.3 Renforcement des institutions (développement organisationnel)

Des institutions ont elles été mises en place ou renforcées par le biais de l'Approche?

• oui, beaucoup

Spécifiez à quel(s) niveau(x), ces institutions ont été renforcées ou mises en place:

• local

Précisez le type de soutien:

• financier
• renforcement des capacités/ formation
• équipement

4.4 Suivi et évaluation

Le suivi et l'évaluation font ils partie de l'Approche? :

Oui

Commentaires:

bio-physical aspects were regular monitored through observations

technical aspects were regular monitored through observation

socio-cultural aspects were ad hoc monitored through observations

economic / production aspects were ad hoc monitored through observations

There were many changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: By timely monitoring & evaluation, the stages of the linked institutions are determined & capacity building was determined time to time. Fo example a training to SWC/NRM volunteers, supervision was done after regular interval. Than again after a time period the refresher training was devised as per the receptance of the concerned volunteers.

4.5 Recherche

La recherche a-t-elle fait partie intégrante de l’Approche?

Oui

Spécifiez les thèmes:

• sociologie
• économie/ marketing
• technologie

Donnez plus de détails et indiquez qui a mené ces recherches:

Participatory technology development with proper admixture of social & natural resouce is one of the objective of the project. As the components of technology, social dynamics & economics are interwoven with each other, therefore, research through consultants of national & international repute is a regular part of the project process.

Research was carried out on-farm

5.1 Budget annuel de la composante GDT de l'Approche

Si le budget annuel précis n'est pas connu, indiquez une fourchette:

• < 2 000

Commentez (par ex. principales sources de financement/ principaux bailleurs de fonds):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: international (DFID): 100.0%

5.2 Soutiens financiers/ matériels fournis aux exploitants des terres

Les exploitants des terres ont-ils reçu un soutien financier/ matériel pour la mise en œuvre de la Technologie/ des Technologies?

Oui

5.3 Subventions pour des intrants spécifiques (incluant la main d'œuvre)

• équipement

• intrants agricoles

• infrastructures

Commentaires:

The unit of the project is a watershed & the project cost is rs. 9,500 per hac, out of which around rs. 3,600/ is for direct SWC measures & rest is for enhancement of livelihood assets & linking to self-sustainable institutions.

5.4 Crédits

Des crédits ont-ils été alloués à travers l'Approche pour les activités de GDT?

Oui

Spécifiez les conditions (taux d'intérêts, remboursements, etc.):

Interest rate charged: 8.0%; repayment conditions: From the project side it one time grant to the watershed committee. But the watershed committee gives loan to groups or individual as per their own norms & condition. As the the project is trying to have a revolving fund in the watershed level for future mainatinance & requirement..

Interest was lower than market rate.

Spécifiez les destinataires du crédit:

The person who will avail loan must be in aself help group & must pass through the grading process w

6.1 Impacts de l'Approche

6.3 Durabilité des activités de l'Approche

Les exploitants des terres peuvent-ils poursuivre ce qui a été mis en œuvre par le biais de l'Approche (sans soutien extérieur)?

• incertain

Si non ou incertain, spécifiez et commentez:

It is because although it was hoped but one project cycle of 5 years is not over to give concluding remarks.

6.4 Points forts/ avantages de l'Approche

Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé
Equity in investments, with a particular focus on developing SWC on the land of small & marginal farmers, often in the upper catchment. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: The review & montoring as per the micro-plan developed by the villagers of the watershed.)
Generating employment for those most in need in the early phases to provide immediate relief from indebtedness & impoverishment & need to migrate.
A group approach built around the establishment of revolving fundsto provide alternative credit sources. Site specific approaches ranging from rainfed SWC measures to increasing

7.1 Méthodes/ sources d'information