1.2 Coordonnées des personnes-ressources et des institutions impliquées dans l'évaluation et la documentation de l'Approche

Nom du ou des institutions qui ont facilité la documentation/ l'évaluation de l'Approche (si pertinent)

University of Bern, Institute of Geography (GIUB) - Suisse

Nom du ou des institutions qui ont facilité la documentation/ l'évaluation de l'Approche (si pertinent)

Water Resource User Association Kapingazi - Kenya

1.3 Conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées

Quand les données ont-elles été compilées (sur le terrain)?

06/11/2012

Le compilateur et la(les) personne(s) ressource(s) acceptent les conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées:

Oui

2.1 Courte description de l'Approche

WRUA are associations of water users and riparian land owners who have associated for the purposes of cooperatively sharing, managing and conserving a common water resource.

2.2 Description détaillée de l'Approche

Description détaillée de l'Approche:

Aims / objectives: The overall objective is to facilitate everybody in the river sub-catchment with sufficient and good quality water supply even during dry spells. Further objectives are to conserve the water catchment, to manage the resources properly, to preserve riverine forests and the riparian ecosystem, stop pollution and establish water use rules that are broadly accepted.

Methods: The WRUA is an association of stakeholders who wants to achieve the objectives mentioned above. During the regular meetings each stakeholder can raise his voice, express his needs and vote in a democratic manner. For outsiders and the government it is also an official contact in terms of water resources.
The WRUA members arrive at a decision together and thus lead to a sustainable development. Together, they accomplish the activities mentioned below.

Stages of implementation: First, a WRUA needs to register at the regional WRMA (Water Resources Management Authority) office, this ensures legal security for the WRUA. The WRMA provides the WRUA with technical and administrative advisory and is part of the Ministry of Water and Irrigation. The members of the WRUA conduct a water abstraction survey in the sub-catchment to identify all legal and illegal water abstractions. It is crucial to know the accurate water flows before you can conserve the water resources. The goal is to convince illegal abstractors to apply for a permit to legalise the abstractions. The WRUA organises meetings, called barazzas, with the local chief and the riparian land users. In these meetings special conservation measures applied in the riparian area are discussed together with land management specialists. The conservation measures are cutting of water guzzling trees, planting of water-friendly indigenous trees, raise public awareness of pollution, rehabilitation of riverbanks and introduction of new technologies like drip irrigation and rooftop water harvesting.
To raise public awareness of the importance of the riparian area, the WRUA members conduct a pegging campaign along the main river of the sub-catchment. The water act 2002 dictates a riparian area of at least 6 metres on either side of the river. This area is being delineated to indicate the location of the protected to the land users.
During water shortages (for example a dry spell), the WRUA publishes rules for water abstractions to ensure water supply for all land users.

Other important information: Furthermore, the WRUA is an important tool for stakeholders for communication and conflict management related to water resources. Due to the immense importance of water for ecosystem services a proper management of this resource is required.

2.5 Pays/ région/ lieux où l'Approche a été appliquée

2.6 Dates de début et de fin de l'Approche

2.7 Type d'Approche

• fondé sur un projet/ programme

2.8 Principaux objectifs de l'Approche

The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (conflict management, water resource management, )

The objective of implementing a governmental promoted association was to counter the numerous conflicts that have arisen around water resources. The water resources were distributed inequitably and the riparian ecosystem was damaged. Therefore WRUAs were built to improve water quality and increase water quantity by implementing protective measures in riparian zones, mediate conflicts concerning water, stop river pollution and establish water use rules.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: The WRUA was formed when some non-riparian water abstractors had no more water because the river was running dry. Meanwhile also bad land use practices in the riparian zones of Kapingazi river diminished water quality. Due to forest clearing close to the river, the soil lost its water storage capacity, even worse indigenous trees were replaced by water guzzling trees like eucalyptus. The knowledge about conservation measures in the riparian areas was very low.

2.9 Conditions favorisant ou entravant la mise en œuvre de la(des) Technologie(s) appliquée(s) sous l'Approche

3.1 Parties prenantes impliquées dans l'Approche et rôles

3.2 Participation des exploitants locaux des terres/ communautés locales aux différentes phases de l'Approche

	Participation des exploitants locaux des terres/ communautés locales	Spécifiez qui était impliqué et décrivez les activités
initiation/ motivation	auto-mobilisation	Water users formed a group in 2000 where they discussed their problems concerning water abstraction and riparian protection.
planification	interactive	The local land users as members of the WRUA and advisor from WRMA developed the method how to implement the protection measures.
mise en œuvre	interactive	The implementation took place at barazzas with local chiefs. The associated riparian land users came together and were informed by the members of the WRUA and a land use specialist about the advantages of riparian protection. The different measures like tree planting and introduction of Napier were communicated. Water unfriendly trees like Eucalyptus were recommended to be cut. Also, the background of water quality and improved drought resistance were teached. Seedlings were distributed.
suivi/ évaluation	auto-mobilisation	The monitoring is made by the WRUA. Members walk regularly along the river and point out positive and negative examples.
Research	aucun

3.3 Diagramme/ organigramme (si disponible)

3.4 Prises de décision pour la sélection de la Technologie/ des Technologies

Indiquez qui a décidé de la sélection de la Technologie/ des Technologies à mettre en œuvre:

• principalement les exploitants des terres soutenus par des spécialistes de la GDT

Expliquez:

The water act 2002 is a law to protect riparian zones. The implementation of the law is via the WRMA as a planner and technical advisor and the WRUA which promotes the protective measures.

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by WRUA and WRMA. The water resource users association was the institution that invented the method to spread the knowledge. But the governmental institutions demanded the conduction of an abstraction survey and the issue of permits.

4.1 Renforcement des capacités/ formation

Une formation a-t-elle été dispensée aux exploitants des terres/ autres parties prenantes?

Oui

Spécifiez qui a été formé:

• exploitants des terres

• WRUA

Formats de la formation:

• entre agriculteurs (d'exploitants à exploitants)
• zones de démonstration
• réunions publiques

Thèmes abordés:

The most recent knowledge in riverbank protection and land conservation was communicated by the WRMA to the WRUA and from the WRUA to the land users. Subjects treated are planting of waterfriendly indigenous trees and chopping of water guzzling eucalyptus trees, as well as riverbank stabilization with trees and Napier grass. Furthermore, pollution prevention and new water-saving land use technologies are discussed.

4.2 Service de conseils

Les exploitants des terres ont-ils accès à un service de conseils?

Oui

Spécifiez si le service de conseils est fourni:

• dans les champs des exploitants?

Décrivez/ commentez:

Name of method used for advisory service: Technical advisory; Key elements: Land use advisory, Administrative advisory; The WRMA provides technical training for the WRUA members concerning planting of waterfriendly/water guzzling trees, riverbank stabilization with trees and Napier grass, pollution prevention, new water-saving land use technologies and also climate change issues that rose recently. The WRUA wrote also a sub-catchment management plan in cooperation with WRMA advisors.

Advisory service is very adequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; There is a good cooperation between WRMA and WRUA.

4.3 Renforcement des institutions (développement organisationnel)

Des institutions ont elles été mises en place ou renforcées par le biais de l'Approche?

• oui, modérément

Spécifiez à quel(s) niveau(x), ces institutions ont été renforcées ou mises en place:

• local

• seedlings

Donnez plus de détails:

The necessary seedlings were bought from local CBO's (Community based organisations) or private tree nurseries.

4.4 Suivi et évaluation

Le suivi et l'évaluation font ils partie de l'Approche? :

Oui

Commentaires:

bio-physical aspects were ad hoc monitored by project staff through observations; indicators: WRUA members control pollution and implementation of the conservation measures.

management of Approach aspects were regular monitored by government through observations; indicators: WRMA controls the progress of the approach

There were no changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation

There were no changes in the Technology as a result of monitoring and evaluation

5.1 Budget annuel de la composante GDT de l'Approche

Si le budget annuel précis n'est pas connu, indiquez une fourchette:

• 2 000-10 000

Commentez (par ex. principales sources de financement/ principaux bailleurs de fonds):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: government (Water Services Trust Fund): 100.0%

5.2 Soutiens financiers/ matériels fournis aux exploitants des terres

Les exploitants des terres ont-ils reçu un soutien financier/ matériel pour la mise en œuvre de la Technologie/ des Technologies?

Oui

Si oui, spécifiez le(s) type(s) de soutien, les conditions et les fournisseurs:

The seedlings were distributed to the land users for free

5.3 Subventions pour des intrants spécifiques (incluant la main d'œuvre)

• intrants agricoles

• autre

Si la main d'œuvre fournie par les exploitants des terres était un intrant substantiel, elle était:

• volontaire

5.4 Crédits

Des crédits ont-ils été alloués à travers l'Approche pour les activités de GDT?

Non

6.1 Impacts de l'Approche

6.2 Principale motivation des exploitants des terres pour mettre en œuvre la GDT

6.3 Durabilité des activités de l'Approche

Les exploitants des terres peuvent-ils poursuivre ce qui a été mis en œuvre par le biais de l'Approche (sans soutien extérieur)?

• oui

Si oui, décrivez de quelle manière:

They just have to keep applying the conservation measures. Public awareness raising and patrols by the WRUA have to continue.

6.4 Points forts/ avantages de l'Approche

Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités du point de vue de l'exploitant des terres
Water conflicts between water users are a problem in many communities. Water Resource Users Associations are a way to mediate among stakeholders. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Regular meetings of the water users.)

Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé
The WRUA Kapingazi is a community based organisation (CBO) that was started voluntarily and gets supported lightly but steadily by the government. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: A balance between too much and too little support must be maintained so that neither the voluntary structures are destroyed nor the support is too small.)
With a good management of water resources and modern land use technologies, the productivity of the area can be sustained. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Meetings to share water resources equitably and promotion of modern land use technologies.)

6.5 Faiblesses/ inconvénients de l'Approche et moyens de les surmonter

Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques du point de vue de l’exploitant des terres	Comment peuvent-ils être surmontés?
If the land users do not want to adopt the promoted technologies and suggestions, the success is questioned.	More efforts on awareness raising can convince more people.

7.1 Méthodes/ sources d'information