1.2 Coordonnées des personnes-ressources et des institutions impliquées dans l'évaluation et la documentation de l'Approche

Nom du ou des institutions qui ont facilité la documentation/ l'évaluation de l'Approche (si pertinent)

Kathmandu University (KU) - Népal

1.3 Conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées

Quand les données ont-elles été compilées (sur le terrain)?

17/01/2014

Le compilateur et la(les) personne(s) ressource(s) acceptent les conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées:

Oui

1.4 Références au(x) questionnaire(s) sur les Technologies de GDT

2.1 Courte description de l'Approche

This SLM Approach deals with the making of Khuwa (dairy product base), using traditional as well as improved methods and further its supply and marketing.

2.2 Description détaillée de l'Approche

Description détaillée de l'Approche:

Aims / objectives: This approach's goal is to preserve traditional khuwa production methods, while also applying new and rather sustainable technologies on the current process. Further, the local khuwa production creates employment - at the factory itself, as well as during supply and distribution processes.

Methods: This focusses mainly on the methods applied during khuwa production:

1. Milk is collected from local farmers.

2. Milk is boiled for approximately 30mins on improved stoves, using locally collected firewood.

3. Boiled is continued until milk's volume has reduced to half.

4. After around 1 hour of simmering milk has turned into a thick paste, which is known as khuwa.

5. Paste needs to be cooled.

Stages of implementation: The Khuwa Utpadan factory was founded in 2050 B.S. by locals, whose ancestors had already been involved in Khuwa production.
Firstly necessary utensils and materials were purchased. Later improved cooking stoves were installed to reduce the smoke formation and amount of required fire wood.

Role of stakeholders: 1. Providing employment opportunities to local villagers .

2. Buying milk from locals, creating a source of income for them.

3. Maintaining a regular flow of Khuwa production to purchasers in surrounding cities, including Kathmandu.

4. Preserving traditional Khuwa production methods among the local community.

Other important information: On the one hand, khuwa production has helped to create employment opportunities and to make use of locally produced milk, on the other hand stakeholders have been facing problems in supplying khuwa by paying more money .

2.5 Pays/ région/ lieux où l'Approche a été appliquée

2.6 Dates de début et de fin de l'Approche

2.7 Type d'Approche

• traditionnel/ autochtone

2.8 Principaux objectifs de l'Approche

The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (Improving efficiency of production, ways of supply and marketing strategies)

The main aim of the Approach is to establish and maintain a Khuwa production factory, where traditional as well as modern technologies are being applied. That way employment is created for locals, locally produced milk is utilized and the overall economic situation of the region is improved.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: Firstly, consistent maintaining of production rates can be difficult, due to unreliable supply of firewood (shortages, weather etc.).
Secondly, for employees the constant influence of smoke can lead to several irritations, although the instalment of impoved stoves has already led to an improvement of the working conditions.

2.9 Conditions favorisant ou entravant la mise en œuvre de la(des) Technologie(s) appliquée(s) sous l'Approche

3.1 Parties prenantes impliquées dans l'Approche et rôles

3.2 Participation des exploitants locaux des terres/ communautés locales aux différentes phases de l'Approche

	Participation des exploitants locaux des terres/ communautés locales	Spécifiez qui était impliqué et décrivez les activités
initiation/ motivation	interactive	Mr. Shomnath Ghimire initiated this approach, including involvement of locals
planification	interactive	locals, using own knowledge in production methods
mise en œuvre	interactive	locals, providing land and expertise
suivi/ évaluation	interactive	discussion among the villagers.
Research	aucun

3.4 Prises de décision pour la sélection de la Technologie/ des Technologies

Indiquez qui a décidé de la sélection de la Technologie/ des Technologies à mettre en œuvre:

• les exploitants des terres seuls (auto-initiative)

Expliquez:

The applied technology (khuwa making) was already well-known and practised among locals, but for a long time only on a private basis. The establishment of a factory has lead to the collective purchase of locally produced milk as well as the production and supply of khuwa.

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by by land users* alone (self-initiative / bottom-up). Locals self-implemented the technologies under guidance of Mr. Shomnath Ghimire place, ward no. 2. Chyamrangbesi.

4.1 Renforcement des capacités/ formation

Une formation a-t-elle été dispensée aux exploitants des terres/ autres parties prenantes?

Oui

Spécifiez qui a été formé:

• exploitants des terres
• personnels/ conseillers de terrain

Si pertinent, spécifiez le genre, l'âge, le statut, l'ethnie, etc.

n/a

Formats de la formation:

• sur le tas
• entre agriculteurs (d'exploitants à exploitants)
• zones de démonstration
• réunions publiques
• cours

Thèmes abordés:

Knowledge and expertise in the different processes of khuwa making

4.2 Service de conseils

Les exploitants des terres ont-ils accès à un service de conseils?

Oui

Décrivez/ commentez:

Name of method used for advisory service: n/a

n/a

4.3 Renforcement des institutions (développement organisationnel)

Des institutions ont elles été mises en place ou renforcées par le biais de l'Approche?

• non

4.4 Suivi et évaluation

Le suivi et l'évaluation font ils partie de l'Approche? :

Oui

Commentaires:

technical aspects were regular monitored by project staff through observations; indicators: observation of application of khuwa making methods

economic / production aspects were monitored by project staff, land users through observations

There were no changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation

There were few changes in the Technology as a result of monitoring and evaluation: installation of improved cooking stoves to increase sustainability value of project

4.5 Recherche

La recherche a-t-elle fait partie intégrante de l’Approche?

Oui

Spécifiez les thèmes:

• sociologie
• économie/ marketing
• technologie

Donnez plus de détails et indiquez qui a mené ces recherches:

Research was done by the students of Kathmandu University.

Research was carried out on station

5.1 Budget annuel de la composante GDT de l'Approche

Si le budget annuel précis n'est pas connu, indiquez une fourchette:

• 10 000-100 000

Commentez (par ex. principales sources de financement/ principaux bailleurs de fonds):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: international (n/a): 15.0%; government (n/a): 85.0%; international non-government (n/a); national non-government (n/a); private sector (minor involvement); local government (district, county, municipality, village etc) (n/a); local community / land user(s) (mainly from land users); other (n/a)

5.2 Soutiens financiers/ matériels fournis aux exploitants des terres

Les exploitants des terres ont-ils reçu un soutien financier/ matériel pour la mise en œuvre de la Technologie/ des Technologies?

Oui

5.3 Subventions pour des intrants spécifiques (incluant la main d'œuvre)

• équipement

• intrants agricoles

• matériaux de construction

• infrastructures

• autre

Si la main d'œuvre fournie par les exploitants des terres était un intrant substantiel, elle était:

• payée en espèces

Commentaires:

Rs 5000-6000 per month

Tools, Wood, others(milk) were fully financed by land users.

5.4 Crédits

Des crédits ont-ils été alloués à travers l'Approche pour les activités de GDT?

Oui

Spécifiez les conditions (taux d'intérêts, remboursements, etc.):

Interest rate charged: 14.0%; repayment conditions: has to be paid off within 5 years..

Interest was equal to market rate.

Spécifiez les destinataires du crédit:

Mr. Shomnath Ghimire

6.1 Impacts de l'Approche

6.2 Principale motivation des exploitants des terres pour mettre en œuvre la GDT

6.3 Durabilité des activités de l'Approche

Les exploitants des terres peuvent-ils poursuivre ce qui a été mis en œuvre par le biais de l'Approche (sans soutien extérieur)?

• incertain

Si non ou incertain, spécifiez et commentez:

As long as khuwa is being sold in sufficiently high amounts, expenses needed for milk, firewood, wages etc can be covered.

6.4 Points forts/ avantages de l'Approche

Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités du point de vue de l'exploitant des terres
Ashes after burning firewood can be used as organic material for soil
Reduced pollution (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Enhancing by wing modern machine which operates by electricity , and there would be no pollution.)
Increased economic condition

Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé
Utilzation of milk
Unity among Villagers.
Improved economic condition (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: by sharing and passing on of existing knowledge)

6.5 Faiblesses/ inconvénients de l'Approche et moyens de les surmonter

Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques du point de vue de l’exploitant des terres	Comment peuvent-ils être surmontés?
Scarcity of wood	New technologies should be implemented, which require less firewood
Difficult to ensure regular supply of milk	Domestication of Buffalo and cows.

Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé	Comment peuvent-ils être surmontés?
Production of smoke by the use of wet wood.	Overcome by using dry wood
Damage of Khuwa in summer season in few days.	By storing khuwa refrigerator.

7.1 Méthodes/ sources d'information