Approches

ROAD CONSTRUCTION AND MANAGEMENT [Népal]

Création : 16 jan. 2014 00:00
Mise à jour : 9 juil. 2017 12:48
Compilateur : Sabita Aryal
Rédacteur : –
Examinateur : Fabian Ottiger

SADAK NIRMAN TATHA BEBASTHAPAN

approaches_2522 - Népal

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1. Informations générales

1.2 Coordonnées des personnes-ressources et des institutions impliquées dans l'évaluation et la documentation de l'Approche

Personne(s) ressource(s) clé(s)

Spécialiste GDT:

Sabita Aryal

Spécialiste GDT:

Sintah Ganga Raj

VDC, chamrangbesi

Népal

Spécialiste GDT:

Shrestha Deepika

Jwagal.Kupondol

Népal

Nom du ou des institutions qui ont facilité la documentation/ l'évaluation de l'Approche (si pertinent)

Kathmandu University (KU) - Népal

Nom du ou des institutions qui ont facilité la documentation/ l'évaluation de l'Approche (si pertinent)

Sarada Batase Village Development Committee (Sarada Batase VDC) - Népal

1.3 Conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées

Quand les données ont-elles été compilées (sur le terrain)?

02/11/2012

Le compilateur et la(les) personne(s) ressource(s) acceptent les conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées:

Oui

1.4 Références au(x) questionnaire(s) sur les Technologies de GDT

2. Description de l'Approche de GDT

2.1 Courte description de l'Approche

It is a particular land conservation project to construct and manage road for the sustainable use of land.

2.2 Description détaillée de l'Approche

Description détaillée de l'Approche:

Aims / objectives: The main Objective if road construction is:
Mainly for the transportation so that it will make local people easy to travel.
Local people will be economically benefited.
For the development of the village.
To improve the living standard of local people.
.

Methods: Local people first decided the direction from where the road passes through. Then they collected funds and used dozer to dig and local people broke the stone. There was a voluntary participation of local people on road construction and gave huge contribution in road construction process.

Stages of implementation: First of all they were given knowledge about both the importance as well as consequences that they would be facing during the process of road construction.Keeping the consequences aside they decided to give some contribution in road construction to improve their life-style , they started gathering money and they voluntarily worked like passing stone ,breaking them and used dozer for main purpose. Funds for road construction was also provided by VDC

Role of stakeholders: 40% of the investment were done by the local people rest by the government.

Other important information: EIA was not done for construction of road.
Lack of engineer involvement for road construction.
Unmanaged road.
Lack of technology.

2.3 Photos de l'approche

Galerie Médias

2.5 Pays/ région/ lieux où l'Approche a été appliquée

Pays:

Népal

Autres spécifications du lieu :

kavre

2.6 Dates de début et de fin de l'Approche

Indiquez l'année de démarrage:

2009

Date (année) de fin de l'Approche (si l'Approche n'est plus appliquée):

2009

2.7 Type d'Approche

initiative/ innovation récente locale

2.8 Principaux objectifs de l'Approche

The Approach focused mainly on other activities than SLM (Transportation)

The main objective was to know about the road construction, how it was made, what were the budget, problems and treatment.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: The main problem in road construction was dust particle while the construction was carrying on due to which there was a health problem.
Lack of technical knowledge.
Some conflict among the villagers about their land use during road construction.
Some natural calamities like soil erosion.

2.9 Conditions favorisant ou entravant la mise en œuvre de la(des) Technologie(s) appliquée(s) sous l'Approche

disponibilité/ accès aux ressources et services financiers

entrave

Financial problem as villagers had no large amount of money to invest

Treatment through the SLM Approach: They together collected money and some financial help from VDC's were given so that they can invest it during the road construction.

cadre juridique (régime foncier, droits d'utilisation des terres et de l'eau)

favorise

The existing land ownership, land use rights / water rights greatly helped the approach implementation: The road in the village has passed through different land owners so it has helped greatly.

entrave

Conflicts among villagers for land use during road construction.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Solve it through several meetings.

connaissances sur la GDT, accès aux supports techniques

entrave

Due to less economical interest less technology were hired.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Dozer, elevators and loaders were hired for the construction.

charge de travail, disponibilité de la main-d'œuvre

entrave

people workload was increased due to less technology use.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: All the villagers worked together.

autre

entrave

health problem due to dust particles.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: people used mask and glasses to avoid dust.

3. Participation et rôles des parties prenantes impliquées dans l'Approche

3.1 Parties prenantes impliquées dans l'Approche et rôles

exploitants locaux des terres / communautés locales

Invested money and helped in construction. Collected money and worked together. Not much differences as they both contributed in road construction. Women were less in number as compared to men as they had to work in their houses. Some of them were busy with house works. People whose land were used for construction were not paid well. They had a great problem dealing with it because the land which was used in road construction was only the source for them to earn money.

gouvernement local

Supported in the aid.

gouvernement national (planificateurs, décideurs)

Supported in the aid.

government and VDC

Funded for road construction.

Si plusieurs parties prenantes sont impliquées, indiquez l'organisme chef de file ou l'institution responsable:

All the villagers were involved in road construction and gave huge contribution in constructing the raod

3.2 Participation des exploitants locaux des terres/ communautés locales aux différentes phases de l'Approche

	Participation des exploitants locaux des terres/ communautés locales	Spécifiez qui était impliqué et décrivez les activités
initiation/ motivation	interactive	funding was done by both government and local people .
planification	interactive	construction planning was done by villagers.
mise en œuvre	auto-mobilisation	Local people initiated and implemented the work
suivi/ évaluation	aucun
Research	aucun

3.3 Diagramme/ organigramme (si disponible)

Description:

It is a sequential chart showing different participants that played an important role in the road construction.

Auteur:

Deepika Shrestha (Jwagal,Kupondol)

3.4 Prises de décision pour la sélection de la Technologie/ des Technologies

Indiquez qui a décidé de la sélection de la Technologie/ des Technologies à mettre en œuvre:

les exploitants des terres seuls (auto-initiative)

Expliquez:

In order to develop their village,for transportation purpose so that they could travel from one place to another easily, for business purpose they made decision on the choice of SLM Technology

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by by land users* alone (self-initiative / bottom-up). Local People asked for the financial help with government.Government provided some help but that was not enough so villagers among themselves collected money for the construction of the road

4. Soutien technique, renforcement des capacités et gestion des connaissances

4.2 Service de conseils

Les exploitants des terres ont-ils accès à un service de conseils?

Oui

Décrivez/ commentez:

Advisory service is quite adequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; Lack of interest.

4.3 Renforcement des institutions (développement organisationnel)

Des institutions ont elles été mises en place ou renforcées par le biais de l'Approche?

oui, modérément

Spécifiez à quel(s) niveau(x), ces institutions ont été renforcées ou mises en place:

local

Précisez le type de soutien:

équipement

Donnez plus de détails:

some advices were given before construction.

4.4 Suivi et évaluation

Le suivi et l'évaluation font ils partie de l'Approche? :

Oui

Commentaires:

economic / production aspects were regular monitored by government, land users through observations; indicators: financial support for road construction.

no. of land users involved aspects were regular monitored through measurements; indicators

road construction aspects were regular monitored by government, land users through observations; indicators

There were several changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: The width of road, slope angle and curve distance.

There were several changes in the Technology as a result of monitoring and evaluation: Road width, slope angle and curve width.

4.5 Recherche

La recherche a-t-elle fait partie intégrante de l’Approche?

Oui

Spécifiez les thèmes:

économie/ marketing
écologie
technologie

Donnez plus de détails et indiquez qui a mené ces recherches:

local peoples and VDC.

Research was carried out on-farm

5. Financement et soutien matériel externe

5.1 Budget annuel de la composante GDT de l'Approche

Si le budget annuel précis n'est pas connu, indiquez une fourchette:

100 000-1 000 000

Commentez (par ex. principales sources de financement/ principaux bailleurs de fonds):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: government (funded for road construction.): 50.0%; local government (district, county, municipality, village etc) (Supported in the aid.): 10.0%; local community / land user(s) (collected money.): 40.0%

5.2 Soutiens financiers/ matériels fournis aux exploitants des terres

Les exploitants des terres ont-ils reçu un soutien financier/ matériel pour la mise en œuvre de la Technologie/ des Technologies?

Oui

5.3 Subventions pour des intrants spécifiques (incluant la main d'œuvre)

équipement

Spécifiez les intrants subventionnés	Dans quelle mesure	Spécifiez les subventions
machines	entièrement financé
outils	entièrement financé

infrastructures

Spécifiez les intrants subventionnés	Dans quelle mesure	Spécifiez les subventions
routes	en partie financé

Si la main d'œuvre fournie par les exploitants des terres était un intrant substantiel, elle était:

volontaire

Commentaires:

Villagers voluntary worked for road construction for development for their village.

Machinery and tools were fully financed but due to lack of technicians, machine were not used properly.

5.4 Crédits

Des crédits ont-ils été alloués à travers l'Approche pour les activités de GDT?

Non

6. Analyses d'impact et conclusions

6.1 Impacts de l'Approche

Est-ce que l'Approche a aidé les exploitants des terres à mettre en œuvre et entretenir les Technologies de GDT?

Non
Oui, un peu
Oui, modérément
Oui, beaucoup

Because while road construction all the trees were cut down due to which habitat of birds and animals were destroyed and natural calamities like soil erosion occurred and water pollution,noise pollution ,air pollution etc were also the problem faced during road construction.

Est-ce que l'Approche a autonomisé les groupes socialement et économiquement défavorisés?

Non
Oui, un peu
Oui, modérément
Oui, beaucoup

They have established shops, hotels and different vegetables can be sent to urban areas like kathmandu easily.

Est-ce que l'Approche a amélioré les questions foncières et des droits d'utilisation qui entravent la mise en œuvre des Technologies?

Non
Oui, un peu
Oui, modérément
Oui, beaucoup

The problem is likely to be overcome in the near future. While extending the road,more land is required due to which dispute between the land owner may rise.

Did other land users / projects adopt the Approach?

Non
Oui, un peu
Oui, modérément
Oui, beaucoup

Did the Approach lead to improved livelihoods / human well-being?

Non
Oui, un peu
Oui, modérément
Oui, beaucoup

With road construction , transportation facility has become easy, also progress in business and living standard.

Did the Approach help to alleviate poverty?

Non
Oui, un peu
Oui, modérément
Oui, beaucoup

Their have improved economic status and also living standard by growing crops in their land and transporting it to urban areas like Kathmandu ,by establishing shops hotels etc.

6.2 Principale motivation des exploitants des terres pour mettre en œuvre la GDT

augmenter la production

transportation facilities

augmenter la rentabilité/ bénéfice, rapport coûts-bénéfices

growing and selling the products

réduire la charge de travail

transportation facilities due to which their workload dereased.

affiliation à un mouvement/ projet/ groupe/ réseaux

some project may come and work for their village.

conscience environnementale

pollution like air pollution,water pollution were reduced,sound health,healthy and fresh environment

well-being and livelihoods improvement

road construction helps to improve their living and economical standard.

for business purpose

they grow vegetables and send to city.

6.3 Durabilité des activités de l'Approche

Les exploitants des terres peuvent-ils poursuivre ce qui a été mis en œuvre par le biais de l'Approche (sans soutien extérieur)?

Si non ou incertain, spécifiez et commentez:

Lack of financial support for road construction,technicians,machines ,tools etc

6.4 Points forts/ avantages de l'Approche

Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités du point de vue de l'exploitant des terres
They can sell their products and earn money. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: planting trees on the side of the road which will make soil hard and prevent from landslides, soil erosion which damages the road.)

Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé
sick person can be taken to hospital easily. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Wall line structure can be made so it prevent from landslides and soil erosion.)
Transportation facility will be available. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Road must be maintained from time to time.)
Import and Export of different local product. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Production of local product should be increased.)
People can travel to village easily. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: road should be pitched and should be extended. )

6.5 Faiblesses/ inconvénients de l'Approche et moyens de les surmonter

Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques du point de vue de l’exploitant des terres	Comment peuvent-ils être surmontés?
Dust particle may cause harm.	Road must be pitched.
If road is extended then land user must sacrifice some portion of their land.	Land users should be paid well for their land.

Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé	Comment peuvent-ils être surmontés?
Road is gravelled and dusty.	Road must be pitched .
Road is dangerous and rough so maximum chance of accident.	Stone block must be constructed to prevent accident.