Approches

Women practices SLM through Vanilla cultivation [Sri Lanka]

Women practices SLM through Vanilla cultivation

approaches_5177 - Sri Lanka

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1. Informations générales

1.2 Coordonnées des personnes-ressources et des institutions impliquées dans l'évaluation et la documentation de l'Approche

Personne(s) ressource(s) clé(s)

Spécialiste GDT:

Bandara Rotawewa

Nimal Gunasena

Upul Jayaweera

Tissa Wathukarage

Nom du projet qui a facilité la documentation/ l'évaluation de l'Approche (si pertinent)
Rehabilitation of Degraded Agricultural Lands in Kandy, Badulla and Nuwara Eliya Districts in the Central Highlands of Sri Lanka

1.3 Conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées

Quand les données ont-elles été compilées (sur le terrain)?

03/01/2019

Le compilateur et la(les) personne(s) ressource(s) acceptent les conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées:

Oui

1.4 Références au(x) questionnaire(s) sur les Technologies de GDT

2. Description de l'Approche de GDT

2.1 Courte description de l'Approche

Women in Central Highlands of Sri Lanka practice sustainable land management through vanilla cultivation and earn extra income for their families

2.2 Description détaillée de l'Approche

Description détaillée de l'Approche:

The average land size of home gardens in the Central Highlands of Sri Lanka is about 0.25 ac – 0.5 acre. Fruits and spice trees randomly exist in these land plots. The top soil is always disturbed due to daily human activities. Apart from run-off water from upper lands, roof top rainwater flows in all directions causing heavy soil erosion in the home gardens. The home gardens are the least attended land plots in terms of conservation.
Vanilla SLM model is an economically attractive opportunity for women in potential growing areas where ideal environmental conditions are existing. The objectives of the approach are to reduce soil erosion in the home gardens due to daily human activities and introduce a cash crop with higher economic benefit; in general, to promote awareness for sustainable land management (SLM) among the community.
The strategy is to motivate landowners towards SLM: mainly through income generation. Women groups were considered and selected as most suitable target group for the approach. Income generation through this approach help them to improve their social and financial status.
The methods of the approach were following: The women groups were accompanied to well managed vanilla cultivation (exposure visit) to explain and show them about the financial benefits of vanilla plantations. Further, importance of SLM Techniques of Vanilla cultivation were discussed and demonstrated. Next step is practical training on individual farm planning, selection and implementation of SLM techniques according to the farm plan and finally, the maintenance phase of the vanilla plantation starts. The extension officers of the Department of Agriculture support the whole implementation process in each home garden. The project 'Rehabilitation of Degraded Agricultural Lands in Kandy, Badulla and Nuwara Eliya Districts in the Central Highlands of Sri Lanka (GEF Project ID: 5677)' supports the overall coordination and as well directly, the women group with planting materials. Technical support on SLM and the cultivation is provided by the Department of Export Agriculture and and coordination and faciltiation of trainings by the Agrarian Services Center of the area. The female farmers have formed their own Vanilla Growers Association and they organize their own training programs on negociation skills and marketing arrangements. Private vanilla processors and marketers are linked with the women group. This means, the field coordinator of the Vanilla processing and exporting company trains the farmers on quality vanilla production, assures the market linkage that keeps farmers interest in SLM and vanilla cultivation at high level, and he concludes sales contracts with the farmers.

2.3 Photos de l'approche

Galerie Médias

2.5 Pays/ région/ lieux où l'Approche a été appliquée

Pays:

Sri Lanka

Région/ Etat/ Province:

Central

Autres spécifications du lieu :

Doluwa

Commentaires:

Administrative information : http://doluwa.ds.gov.lk/index.php/en/

Aperçu de la carte

2.6 Dates de début et de fin de l'Approche

Indiquez l'année de démarrage:

2018

2.7 Type d'Approche

  • fondé sur un projet/ programme

2.8 Principaux objectifs de l'Approche

• Introduce SLM in home gardening
• Introduce vanilla cultivation as a sustainable source of income for women, encourage them to effectively use their free time for income generation
• Add economic and esthetic value for backyards and home gardens.
• Increase environmental awareness among women and inculcate positive attitude towards environmental protection

2.9 Conditions favorisant ou entravant la mise en œuvre de la(des) Technologie(s) appliquée(s) sous l'Approche

normes et valeurs sociales/ culturelles/ religieuses
  • favorise

Women play an important role in income generation for the family. The income from the vanilla as a highly valued product improves their social status.

disponibilité/ accès aux ressources et services financiers
  • favorise

Vanilla is a cash crop and the risk of crop failure is minimal. Therfore the imcome is expected to grow and, the accessibility to financial resources and services should increase as well.

cadre institutionnel
  • favorise

The female farmers have formed their own Vanilla Growers Association and they organize their own training programs and marketing arrangements.

collaboration/ coordination des acteurs
  • favorise

Technical support on SLM and the cultivation is provided by the Department of Export Agriculture and Agrarian Services Center of the area. Private vanilla processors and marketers are linked with the women group.

cadre juridique (régime foncier, droits d'utilisation des terres et de l'eau)
  • favorise

The approach is practiced around the living house of the families; the surrounding home gardens belong to them. The approach promotes techniques against soil erosion and the use of organic composts. There is no special demand for water since the crop growth bases on rain-fed agriculture.

connaissances sur la GDT, accès aux supports techniques
  • favorise

The technical and extension officers of the government are available for technical support and advice. Private vanilla companies have employed extension officers and promote SLM practices as well. The crop yield mostly depends on the SLM techniques adopted.

marchés (pour acheter les intrants, vendre les produits) et prix
  • favorise

The input requirement is very limited. The planting materials (vanilla cuttings) are easily available. The vine supporting Gliricidia tree is locally available. The SLM techniques applied are simple. The terraced preparation can be done with materials such as coconut husk and tree logs.
The price for natural vanilla is high. The women has been formed into groups and they have developed negotiation skills about the vanilla market.

charge de travail, disponibilité de la main-d'œuvre
  • favorise

The type of the SLM practices are not labor-intensive. Family labor is sufficient to establish 100 - 200 vanilla vine with good SLM techniques such as single platforms and contour platforms. Vanilla can be seen as a labor neutral crop.

3. Participation et rôles des parties prenantes impliquées dans l'Approche

3.1 Parties prenantes impliquées dans l'Approche et rôles

  • exploitants locaux des terres / communautés locales

Land owners of Doluwa area (Sri Lanka)
Lead farmer (Vanilla grower)

Land owners of Doluwa area (of Sri Lanka) : Participation on SLM training, production of vanilla under SLM practices, formed and members of vanilla growers group in the village to look after services, training and marketing

Lead farmer (Vanilla grower) : Training facility and conduct trialing and experience sharing

  • Spécialistes de la GDT/ conseillers agricoles

Extension officer of Department of Export Agriculture
Development officer of Agrarian Services Center
Extension officer of Department of Agriculture
Programme officer of Rehabilitation of Degraded Agricultural Lands in Kandy, Badulla and Nuwaraeliya Districts in the Central Highlands (GCP/SRL/063/GFF) (GEF Project ID: 5677)

Extension officer of Department of Export Agriculture : Provide technical knowledge and training on vanilla growing

Development Officer of Agrarian Services Center: Coordination and facilitation of training programs

Extension Officer of Department of Agriculture: Training on SLM, farm plan preparation and demonstration

FAO-GEF Programme Officer: Coordination, technical inputs on SLM and vanilla cultivation

  • secteur privé

- Field Coordinator of the vanilla processing and exporting company

Train the farmers on quality vanilla production, assure the market linkage that keep farmers interest in SLM and vanilla cultivation at high level, sales contract with the farmers

  • gouvernement national (planificateurs, décideurs)

Extension officer of Department of Export Agriculture
Development Officer of Agrarian Services Center
Extension Officer of Department of Agriculture

Extension officer of Department of Export Agriculture : Provide technical knowledge and training on vanilla growing

Development Officer of Agrarian Services Center: Coordination and facilitation of training programs

Extension Officer of Department of Agriculture: Training on SLM, farm plan preparation and demonstration

  • organisation internationale

Rehabilitation of Degraded Agricultural Lands in Kandy, Badulla and Nuwaraeliya Districts in the Central Highlands (GCP/SRL/063/GFF) (GEF Project ID: 5677) by Food and Agriculture Organization and Global Environmental Facility (GEF)

FAO-GEF Programme Officer: Coordination, technical inputs on SLM and vanilla cultivation

3.2 Participation des exploitants locaux des terres/ communautés locales aux différentes phases de l'Approche
Participation des exploitants locaux des terres/ communautés locales Spécifiez qui était impliqué et décrivez les activités
initiation/ motivation interactive Land owners, Department of Export Agriculture, Agrarian Services Center and FAO - RDAL project staff
planification interactive Land owners, Department of Export Agriculture, Agrarian Services Center and FAO - RDAL project staff
mise en œuvre interactive Land owners, Department of Export Agriculture, Agrarian Services Center and FAO - RDAL project staff
suivi/ évaluation interactive Land owners, Department of Export Agriculture, Agrarian Services Center and FAO - RDAL project staff
Marketing auto-mobilisation Land owners, Department of Export Agriculture, Agrarian Services Center and Vanilla exporters

3.3 Diagramme/ organigramme (si disponible)

Description:

Activity implementation steps and stakeholder involvement

Auteur:

Bandara Rotawewa

3.4 Prises de décision pour la sélection de la Technologie/ des Technologies

Indiquez qui a décidé de la sélection de la Technologie/ des Technologies à mettre en œuvre:
  • tous les acteurs concernés dans le cadre d'une approche participative
Expliquez:

The project team noticed the existing vanilla growers potential and their success regarding the application of SLM techniques. Therefore, the project arranged an exposure visit for the land owners. The extension officers supported the activity well and the women farmers' motivation on Vanilla increased. The women farmers were organized into a producer group and linked with vanilla processing and exporting company.

Spécifiez sur quelle base ont été prises les décisions:
  • l'évaluation de connaissances bien documentées en matière de GDT (prises de décision fondées sur des preuves tangibles)?

4. Soutien technique, renforcement des capacités et gestion des connaissances

4.1 Renforcement des capacités/ formation

Une formation a-t-elle été dispensée aux exploitants des terres/ autres parties prenantes?

Oui

Spécifiez qui a été formé:
  • exploitants des terres
  • personnels/ conseillers de terrain
Si pertinent, spécifiez le genre, l'âge, le statut, l'ethnie, etc.

The farmer group consist of 40 members: 95% are female and 5% male farmers. The age ranges from 18 - 55 years

Formats de la formation:
  • entre agriculteurs (d'exploitants à exploitants)
  • zones de démonstration
Thèmes abordés:

Sustainable land management.
Vanilla cultivation

4.2 Service de conseils

Les exploitants des terres ont-ils accès à un service de conseils?

Oui

Spécifiez si le service de conseils est fourni:
  • dans les champs des exploitants?

4.3 Renforcement des institutions (développement organisationnel)

Des institutions ont elles été mises en place ou renforcées par le biais de l'Approche?
  • oui, beaucoup
Spécifiez à quel(s) niveau(x), ces institutions ont été renforcées ou mises en place:
  • local
Décrivez l'institution, ses rôles et responsabilités, ses membres, etc.

Women producer group (Vanilla growers association)

Précisez le type de soutien:
  • renforcement des capacités/ formation
  • équipement
Donnez plus de détails:

On-site training on SLM techniques were done at individual farm level.
Exchange and support of planting materials

4.4 Suivi et évaluation

Le suivi et l'évaluation font ils partie de l'Approche? :

Non

4.5 Recherche

La recherche a-t-elle fait partie intégrante de l’Approche?

Non

5. Financement et soutien matériel externe

5.1 Budget annuel de la composante GDT de l'Approche

Si le budget annuel précis n'est pas connu, indiquez une fourchette:
  • < 2 000
Commentez (par ex. principales sources de financement/ principaux bailleurs de fonds):

GEF project: Rehabilitation of Degraded Agricultural Lands in Kandy, Badulla and Nuwara Eliya Districts in the Central Highlands of Sri Lanka (GEF Project ID: 5677)

5.2 Soutiens financiers/ matériels fournis aux exploitants des terres

Les exploitants des terres ont-ils reçu un soutien financier/ matériel pour la mise en œuvre de la Technologie/ des Technologies?

Oui

Si oui, spécifiez le(s) type(s) de soutien, les conditions et les fournisseurs:

Planting materials

5.3 Subventions pour des intrants spécifiques (incluant la main d'œuvre)

  • aucun
 
Si la main d'œuvre fournie par les exploitants des terres était un intrant substantiel, elle était:
  • volontaire

5.4 Crédits

Des crédits ont-ils été alloués à travers l'Approche pour les activités de GDT?

Non

5.5 Autres incitations ou instruments

D'autres incitations ou instruments ont-ils été utilisés pour promouvoir la mise en œuvre des Technologies de GDT?

Non

6. Analyses d'impact et conclusions

6.1 Impacts de l'Approche

Est-ce que l'Approche a autonomisé les exploitants locaux des terres, amélioré la participation des parties prenantes?
  • Non
  • Oui, un peu
  • Oui, modérément
  • Oui, beaucoup

Strong stakeholder participation between land users and Extension Officers is exists.

Est-ce que l'Approche a permis la prise de décisions fondées sur des données probantes?
  • Non
  • Oui, un peu
  • Oui, modérément
  • Oui, beaucoup

Most important motivator was the exposure visits, where the families/women recognized the success of the SLM practices on vanilla production and therefore decided to adopt it.

Est-ce que l'Approche a aidé les exploitants des terres à mettre en œuvre et entretenir les Technologies de GDT?
  • Non
  • Oui, un peu
  • Oui, modérément
  • Oui, beaucoup

Single platforms and terrace platforms control erosion. Vanilla is well grown in soils of rich organic matter. Kitchen waste and fallen leaves added for compost making and use it on the vanilla cultivation.

Est-ce que l'Approche a amélioré la coordination et la mise en œuvre de la GDT selon un bon rapport coût-efficacité?
  • Non
  • Oui, un peu
  • Oui, modérément
  • Oui, beaucoup

Easy terracing does not need construction of structures and skilled labor. Use of Gliricidia as supporting post is environmental friendly and freely available locally.

Est-ce que l'Approche a amélioré les connaissances et les capacités des exploitants des terres pour mettre en œuvre la GDT?
  • Non
  • Oui, un peu
  • Oui, modérément
  • Oui, beaucoup

The approach is based on attitude change and motivation. Economical, social and aesthetic values are enhanced. Thereby, it create more and more interest with increasing returns.

Est-ce que l'Approche a amélioré les connaissances et les capacités des autres parties prenantes?
  • Non
  • Oui, un peu
  • Oui, modérément
  • Oui, beaucoup

Extension officers visit each land plot and they prepare individual farm plans based on the characteristics of the land (home garden).

Est-ce que l'Approche a construit/ renforcé les institutions, la collaboration entre parties prenantes?
  • Non
  • Oui, un peu
  • Oui, modérément
  • Oui, beaucoup

Improved linkage with extension officers and private sector

Est-ce que l'Approche a autonomisé les groupes socialement et économiquement défavorisés?
  • Non
  • Oui, un peu
  • Oui, modérément
  • Oui, beaucoup

Both, the vanilla and the SLM techniques does not require high investment. Therefore, even poor farmers can adopt the this approach and can get financial benefits.

Est-ce que l'Approche a amélioré l'égalité entre hommes et femmes et autonomisé les femmes et les filles?
  • Non
  • Oui, un peu
  • Oui, modérément
  • Oui, beaucoup

This approach targets women and it needs to promote capacity in learning SLM. As well, it is expected that the approach strengthen the economic and social position of local women.

Est-ce que l'Approche a encouragé les jeunes/ la prochaine génération d'exploitants des terres à s'engager dans la GDT?
  • Non
  • Oui, un peu
  • Oui, modérément
  • Oui, beaucoup

This approach change the attitudes of the people. SLM techniques and income generation is demonstrated in their living environment

Est-ce que l'Approche a amélioré l'accès aux marchés?
  • Non
  • Oui, un peu
  • Oui, modérément
  • Oui, beaucoup

Vanilla is a market competitive product and women group has organized their own market links.

Est-ce que l'Approche a amélioré la capacité des exploitants des terres à s'adapter aux changements/ extrêmes climatiques et a atténué les catastrophes liées au climat?
  • Non
  • Oui, un peu
  • Oui, modérément
  • Oui, beaucoup

Use of organic manure and conservation techniques improves the soil physical and chemical properties. Improved soil properties support drought resistant capacity of Vanilla and other crops as well.

Est-ce que l'Approche a conduit à des emplois, des opportunités de revenus?
  • Non
  • Oui, un peu
  • Oui, modérément
  • Oui, beaucoup

The concept of the approach is to introduce SLM through income generation for female farmers

6.2 Principale motivation des exploitants des terres pour mettre en œuvre la GDT

  • augmenter la rentabilité/ bénéfice, rapport coûts-bénéfices

The approach encourage 100 vanilla plants/vines per family. The average annual yield from one plant/vine is 1 kg after 3 years. Current market price is LKR 6,000 (35 USD) per kg of unprocessed green beans. Therefore, expected annual income of a family is LKR 600,000 (342 USD).

  • réduire la dégradation des terres

Vanilla grows well in soils of rich organic matter. The land users are encouraged to use use organic manure. Planting on terraces prevents soil erosion and soil compaction in the surrounding of the homesteads.

  • prestige, pression sociale/ cohésion sociale

Aesthetic view of home garden is improved

  • conscience environnementale

Aesthetic view of home garden is improved and farmer feel his/er good work.

  • améliorer les connaissances et compétences en GDT

Yes. They start to feel the necessity of SLM from the home garden and apply in his/er other lands. Talk with neighbors.

  • améliorer l'esthétique

Aesthetic view of home garden is improved and its earns cash for the family

6.3 Durabilité des activités de l'Approche

Les exploitants des terres peuvent-ils poursuivre ce qui a été mis en œuvre par le biais de l'Approche (sans soutien extérieur)?
  • oui
Si oui, décrivez de quelle manière:

Land owners get income after three years. Income is a motivation for the land owners to adopt and adapt SLM practices continuously.

6.4 Points forts/ avantages de l'Approche

Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités du point de vue de l'exploitant des terres
In Sri Lanka vanilla is mainly confined as home garden and grown in the back yards. Vanilla is a cash crop that can be grown successfully in mid and low country wet zone where the main growing areas are Kandy, Nuwara Eliya, Matale, and Kegalle districts. Vanilla grows as vines with support trees.
Vanilla has been identified as an ideal alternative crop for unproductive small holdings and home gardens. Low labor requirement and higher income are main advantages of vanilla cultivation and therefore women can use their free time for vanilla cultivation in their home gardens.
Marketing advantage : Vanilla needs only organic fertilizer. A vanilla vine can produce nearly a kilo of vanilla per year and average market price would be around Rs. 6,000/ Kg.(34 USD) which is annually LKR 60,000 (342 USD). This income for the family promote their interest to adopt SLM techniques.
Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé
SLM is easy to promote, as the land owner is benefited with high return. Therefore an economic model coupled with SLM is an option for easy implementation.
Women play a major role in attitudes change in the society. If they consider the SLM practices positively, it is expected to spread easily to other crop lands.

6.5 Faiblesses/ inconvénients de l'Approche et moyens de les surmonter

Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques du point de vue de l’exploitant des terres Comment peuvent-ils être surmontés?
There is no major risk with this approach. Investment is minimal. The women allocate their free time for maintenance of the crop.
Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé Comment peuvent-ils être surmontés?
No risks for the moment.

7. Références et liens

7.1 Méthodes/ sources d'information

  • visites de terrain, enquêtes sur le terrain
  • interviews/entretiens avec les exploitants des terres
  • interviews/ entretiens avec les spécialistes/ experts de GDT
  • compilation à partir de rapports et d'autres documents existants

7.2 Références des publications disponibles

Titre, auteur, année, ISBN:

Opportunity Analysis of Agriculture Products in Sri Lanka. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://growthlab.cid.harvard.edu/files/growthlab/files/agri_sector_opportunities_feb_2018.pdf

Disponible à partir d'où? Coût?

Retrieved from https://srilanka.growthlab.cid.harvard.edu/files/sri-lanka/files/agri_sector_opportunities_feb_2018.pdf

Titre, auteur, année, ISBN:

Jayawardane, & Weerasena. (n.d.). CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN SRI LANKA.

Disponible à partir d'où? Coût?

Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/3/x6906e/x6906e0b.htm

7.3 Liens vers les informations pertinentes disponibles en ligne

Titre/ description:

Govt. to rehabilitate degraded agricultural lands in central highlands under 5-year $ 11 m project

URL:

http://www.ft.lk/article/563548/Govt--to-rehabilitate-degraded-agricultural-lands-in-central-highlands-under-5-year---11-m-project

Titre/ description:

Rehabilitation of Degraded Agricultural Lands in Kandy, Badulla and Nuwara Eliya Districts in the Central Highlands (CH)

URL:

https://www.thegef.org/project/rehabilitation-degraded-agricultural-lands-kandy-badulla-and-nuwara-eliya-districts-central

Titre/ description:

Vanilla

URL:

http://www.exportagridept.gov.lk/web/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=139&Itemid=159&lang=en

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