1.2 Coordonnées des personnes-ressources et des institutions impliquées dans l'évaluation et la documentation de l'Approche

Nom du projet qui a facilité la documentation/ l'évaluation de l'Approche (si pertinent)

Strengthening national-level institutional and professional capacities of country Parties towards enhanced UNCCD monitoring and reporting – GEF 7 EA Umbrella II (GEF 7 UNCCD Enabling Activities_Umbrella II)

Nom du ou des institutions qui ont facilité la documentation/ l'évaluation de l'Approche (si pertinent)

National Soil Services Center, Department of Agric (National Soil Services Center, Department of Agric) - Bhoutan

1.3 Conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées

Quand les données ont-elles été compilées (sur le terrain)?

12/07/2023

Le compilateur et la(les) personne(s) ressource(s) acceptent les conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées:

Oui

2.1 Courte description de l'Approche

Springshed revival can be achieved through Nature-based Solutions (NbS) with a hydrogeological approach, complemented by socio-ecological inputs, and engineering surveys.

2.2 Description détaillée de l'Approche

Description détaillée de l'Approche:

Springs are natural occurrences where fresh water emerges from the ground through openings known as spring vents. They are outlets from aquifers, water-bearing layers underground, to the surface. The water in springs originates from rainfall during specific seasons, which falls on the springshed, infiltrates the ground and is collected as groundwater. When the groundwater is pressurized and rises, it creates springs, which then contribute to the flow of water into rivers or other water bodies. In mountainous regions like Bhutan, springs serve as the primary water source for rural households (ICIMOD, 2021).
Spring revival through “nature-based solutions” (NbS) in springsheds refers to a comprehensive effort aimed at reviving and restoring the functionality of springs. The primary objectives of spring revival initiatives include ensuring sustainable water supply, mitigating the threat of springs drying, conserving biodiversity, and improving the livelihoods of communities dependent on spring water. To achieve these goals, diverse methods are employed, involving various stakeholders. While spring revival offers numerous advantages, it also presents certain disadvantages that should be considered (Konek & Samanta, 2022).

The methods used under NbS to revive springs are multifaceted and typically involve a combination of hydrogeological, ecological, hydrological, and community-based approaches. Hydrogeology can lead to a better understanding of aquifers and the nature of springs and springsheds, thus providing ways for better management. Ecological methods focus on restoring the natural catchment area (the springshed itself) and improving vegetation cover to enhance water infiltration and recharge. Measures such as reforestation, contour trenching, and check dams are implemented to reduce erosion, promote groundwater recharge, and maintain spring flow. Hydrological interventions include the construction of recharge structures, groundwater recharge pits, and percolation tanks to replenish the aquifer and ensure sustained spring flow. Community-based approaches encompass raising awareness, capacity building, and participation in springshed conservation and management activities. These efforts often include the establishment of user groups, water committees, and the adoption of sustainable water use practices (Shrestha et al., 2017).
Stakeholders play vital roles in spring revival initiatives. Local communities living in Lholing areas are key stakeholders as they are directly affected by water availability and are actively involved in the preservation and management of springs. Government agencies such as the Department of Water, Department of Forests and Park Services and Gewog Administration provide technical expertise, funding, and policy support. Academic institutions and research organizations contribute scientific knowledge, monitoring, and evaluation, while international agencies and donor organizations may provide financial assistance and expertise.
According to Tamba et al. (2012) the advantages of spring revival are significant and far-reaching. By restoring spring flow, communities get access to a reliable and sustainable water source, which is crucial for their domestic, agricultural, and livestock needs. Spring revival through NbS also contributes to biodiversity conservation, as the presence of flowing water supports diverse aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, including endemic species. Moreover, the revival of springs enhances groundwater recharge, which can benefit other water sources in the area. The community involvement and capacity-building aspects of NbS initiatives foster social cohesion, empowerment, and the development of local governance structures. Revived springs have the potential to enhance community resilience to climate change by providing water during periods of drought or erratic rainfall.
However, NbS also come with certain challenges and disadvantages. Adequate financial resources and long-term funding commitments are often required, which can pose a challenge in resource-constrained settings. Technical expertise and knowledge gaps may hinder the effectiveness of revival methods, emphasizing the need for capacity building and technical support. The involvement of multiple stakeholders can lead to coordination issues and conflicts of interest. Furthermore, the success of spring revival initiatives relies heavily on community participation. Thus, lack of community engagement or ownership can hinder sustainability. Environmental and social impacts need to be carefully considered, as inappropriate interventions or changes in hydrological patterns can have unintended consequences on ecosystems and communities (Khadka et al., 2019).

2.3 Photos de l'approche

2.4 Vidéos de l'Approche

2.5 Pays/ région/ lieux où l'Approche a été appliquée

2.6 Dates de début et de fin de l'Approche

2.7 Type d'Approche

• fondé sur un projet/ programme

2.8 Principaux objectifs de l'Approche

Nature-based solution to reviving springs as a source of water for:
1. Drinking
2. For animal use
3. Agriculture

2.9 Conditions favorisant ou entravant la mise en œuvre de la(des) Technologie(s) appliquée(s) sous l'Approche

3.1 Parties prenantes impliquées dans l'Approche et rôles

3.2 Participation des exploitants locaux des terres/ communautés locales aux différentes phases de l'Approche

	Participation des exploitants locaux des terres/ communautés locales	Spécifiez qui était impliqué et décrivez les activités
initiation/ motivation	interactive	A person from each household was involved in the initial planning and meeting with the specialists to agree to.
planification	passive	The plannings were mostly done by specialists from the forest department.
mise en œuvre	soutien extérieur	Land users/local community were engaged as paid labours.
suivi/ évaluation	interactive	Twice a year monitoring is done by the specialists and other minor monitoring is dine by the community around the springsheds.
	aucun	No research was carried out.

3.3 Diagramme/ organigramme (si disponible)

3.4 Prises de décision pour la sélection de la Technologie/ des Technologies

Indiquez qui a décidé de la sélection de la Technologie/ des Technologies à mettre en œuvre:

• principalement les spécialistes de la GDT, après consultation des exploitants des terres

4.1 Renforcement des capacités/ formation

Une formation a-t-elle été dispensée aux exploitants des terres/ autres parties prenantes?

Non

4.2 Service de conseils

Les exploitants des terres ont-ils accès à un service de conseils?

Oui

Spécifiez si le service de conseils est fourni:

• dans les champs des exploitants?

4.3 Renforcement des institutions (développement organisationnel)

Des institutions ont elles été mises en place ou renforcées par le biais de l'Approche?

• oui, un peu

Spécifiez à quel(s) niveau(x), ces institutions ont été renforcées ou mises en place:

• local

4.4 Suivi et évaluation

Le suivi et l'évaluation font ils partie de l'Approche? :

Oui

Commentaires:

Physical on site monitoring and evaluating the springshed

Si oui, ce document est-il destiné à être utilisé pour le suivi et l'évaluation?

Non

4.5 Recherche

La recherche a-t-elle fait partie intégrante de l’Approche?

Non

5.1 Budget annuel de la composante GDT de l'Approche

Si le budget annuel précis n'est pas connu, indiquez une fourchette:

• < 2 000

Commentez (par ex. principales sources de financement/ principaux bailleurs de fonds):

Royal Government of Bhutan funding was released under Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (erstwhile Ministry of Agriculture and Forests).

5.2 Soutiens financiers/ matériels fournis aux exploitants des terres

Les exploitants des terres ont-ils reçu un soutien financier/ matériel pour la mise en œuvre de la Technologie/ des Technologies?

Oui

Si oui, spécifiez le(s) type(s) de soutien, les conditions et les fournisseurs:

The government fully funded the initiative of springshed revival where they even paid N. 700 to the labour helpers that from the community engaged.

5.3 Subventions pour des intrants spécifiques (incluant la main d'œuvre)

• main d'œuvre

• équipement

• matériaux de construction

Si la main d'œuvre fournie par les exploitants des terres était un intrant substantiel, elle était:

• payée en espèces

Commentaires:

The labour by land users were paid Nu. 700 per day with free lunch and refreshments.

5.4 Crédits

Des crédits ont-ils été alloués à travers l'Approche pour les activités de GDT?

Non

5.5 Autres incitations ou instruments

D'autres incitations ou instruments ont-ils été utilisés pour promouvoir la mise en œuvre des Technologies de GDT?

Non

6.1 Impacts de l'Approche

6.2 Principale motivation des exploitants des terres pour mettre en œuvre la GDT

6.3 Durabilité des activités de l'Approche

Les exploitants des terres peuvent-ils poursuivre ce qui a été mis en œuvre par le biais de l'Approche (sans soutien extérieur)?

• oui

Si oui, décrivez de quelle manière:

Now that the springsheds are revived, the local land users with some basic knowledge could do necessary maintenance and protection of these vital area.

6.4 Points forts/ avantages de l'Approche

Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités du point de vue de l'exploitant des terres
Provides a source of drinking water for wild animals.
Provides drinking water source for the domestic animals
Improved sanitation through constant supply of spring water.

Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé
Increased source of irrigation water from different spring-shed.
Balanced ecological management of water resources.
Catchment area created as springshed could prevent splash and rill erosions.

6.5 Faiblesses/ inconvénients de l'Approche et moyens de les surmonter

Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques du point de vue de l’exploitant des terres	Comment peuvent-ils être surmontés?
Attracts wild animals to the nearby field which come to drink water from the springsheds.	Improved fencing of the fields

Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé	Comment peuvent-ils être surmontés?
Artificial creating of some of springshed lead to loss of pasture lands
Risk of cattle/ children drowning in the bigger spring-sheds	Fencing around the springshed.

7.1 Méthodes/ sources d'information

7.2 Références des publications disponibles

Titre, auteur, année, ISBN:

ICIMOD. (2021). Springshed revival and management Implement gender-responsive interventions around spring revival and management in the HKH and influence policy uptake

Disponible à partir d'où? Coût?

Websites (Free)

Titre, auteur, année, ISBN:

Tambe et al. (2012). Reviving Dying Springs: Climate Change Adaptation Experiments From the Sikkim Himalaya.

Disponible à partir d'où? Coût?

Google Scholar

Titre, auteur, année, ISBN:

Shrestha et al. (2017). Application of Eight-step Methodology for Reviving Springs and Improving Springshed Management in the Mid-hills of Nepal.

Disponible à partir d'où? Coût?

Google Scholar

Titre, auteur, année, ISBN:

Khadka et al. (2019). Integrated River System Resource Management Planning: A Stepping Stone for Sustainable Conservation of Chure-TaraiMadhesh Landscape

Disponible à partir d'où? Coût?

Google Scholar

Titre, auteur, année, ISBN:

Koner, K. & Samanta, G. (2022). Reviving traditional water sources for resilient water future: case of Darjeeling City, India.

Disponible à partir d'où? Coût?

Springer

7.3 Liens vers les informations pertinentes disponibles en ligne

Titre/ description:

Springshed revival and management Implement gender-responsive interventions around spring revival and management in the HKH and influence policy uptake.

URL:

https://www.icimod.org/initiative/rms/springshed-revival-and-management/

Titre/ description:

Reviving Dying Springs: Climate Change Adaptation Experiments From the Sikkim Himalaya.

URL:

https://doi.org/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-11-00079.1

Titre/ description:

Application of Eight-step Methodology for Reviving Springs and Improving Springshed Management in the Mid-hills of Nepal.

URL:

https://cgspace.cgiar.org/handle/10568/90596

Titre/ description:

Integrated River System Resource Management Planning: A Stepping Stone for Sustainable Conservation of Chure-TaraiMadhesh Landscape

URL:

https://nast.gov.np/documentfile/Proceedings.pdf#page=18

Titre/ description:

Reviving traditional water sources for resilient water future: case of Darjeeling City, India.

URL:

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10708-021-10444-z