1.2 Coordonnées des personnes-ressources et des institutions impliquées dans l'évaluation et la documentation de la Technologie

Nom du ou des institutions qui ont facilité la documentation/ l'évaluation de la Technologie (si pertinent)

Action Green Heritage (Action Green Heritage) - Afrique du Sud

1.3 Conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées

Quand les données ont-elles été compilées (sur le terrain)?

01/04/1999

Le compilateur et la(les) personne(s) ressource(s) acceptent les conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées:

Oui

1.5 Référence au(x) questionnaire(s) sur les Approches de GDT

2.1 Courte description de la Technologie

Définition de la Technologie:

Stone walls and re-vegetation (planting of indigenous trees) = Rehabilitation

2.2 Description détaillée de la Technologie

Description:

For the pilot project loose stones and sometimes concrete walls that work well were used. It is not more expensive than gabions, because a trucker is needed for gabions and it is labour intensive. Wire is also often stolen off the gabions.
The following steps were followed in this technology:
The areas are fenced, barricades (gabion like structure) erected, and planting done. Rehabilitation and environmental education was the overall purpose. Severe erosion dongas can be improved and used for controlled grazing.
The request came from the Communities, they would like to make money and make land available for Nature reserves (it is seen as a status symbol). Hunting by professional hunters and meat for biltong. The excess game goes to hunting (local) and the meat is sold to the community at a lower price. Very little poaching or damage to the fences occurs.
Looking after the fences, roads, gabions and water points (infrastructure) are all part of the maintenance. The Nature reserves are actually surrounded by villages, but there are no problems of people going into the Reserves.
The areas are classified as Nature Reserve - Savannah woodlands (Acock’s veld type: 19), Nebo - transitional zone between 61 and 18 (Acock’s veld type 61) and Sekhukuhne as mixed bushveld (Acock’s 19).

2.5 Pays/ région/ lieux où la Technologie a été appliquée et qui sont couverts par cette évaluation

2.6 Date de mise en œuvre de la Technologie

Si l'année précise est inconnue, indiquez la date approximative: :

• il y a moins de 10 ans (récemment)

2.7 Introduction de la Technologie

Spécifiez comment la Technologie a été introduite: :

• par le biais de projets/ d'interventions extérieures

3.1 Principal(aux) objectif(s) de la Technologie

• préserver l'écosystème

3.2 Type(s) actuel(s) d'utilisation des terres, là où la Technologie est appliquée

Commentaires:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Overpopulation (big pressure on veld), poor veld management (overgrazing), poor people. Population density most important factor.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Not enough land, or water for basic needs, agricultural development. Infrastructure was in place in 1964, Government did a lot of training, but there is not much left of anything.
Before the new Government (from 1990) things went downhill. People unsure about their future.

Ranching: Game

Grazingland comments: Trend towards ecotourism, more positive reaction to it.

Type of grazing system comments: Trend towards ecotourism, more positive reaction to it.

3.3 Informations complémentaires sur l'utilisation des terres

Nombre de période de croissance par an: :

• 1

Précisez:

Longest growing period in days: 150; Longest growing period from month to month: Oct - Feb

3.4 Groupe de GDT auquel appartient la Technologie

• nature conservancy system

3.5 Diffusion de la Technologie

Spécifiez la diffusion de la Technologie:

• répartie uniformément sur une zone

Si la Technologie est uniformément répartie sur une zone, indiquez la superficie couverte approximative:

• 10-100 km2

Commentaires:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is Nebo Distr km2.

Former homeland area, communal grazing. SWC technology could also be applied outside of the Nature reserves. Big part of the Northern Province is similar to this area.

3.6 Mesures de GDT constituant la Technologie

Commentaires:

Main measures: management measures

Secondary measures: vegetative measures, structural measures

Type of vegetative measures: scattered / dispersed

3.7 Principaux types de dégradation des terres traités par la Technologie

Commentaires:

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion, Ha: aridification

Main causes of degradation: overgrazing, other human induced causes (specify) (Agricultural causes - Poor land-use practice), poverty / wealth (Lack of captial)

Secondary causes of degradation: deforestation / removal of natural vegetation (incl. forest fires), over-exploitation of vegetation for domestic use, other natural causes (avalanches, volcanic eruptions, mud flows, highly susceptible natural resources, extreme topography, etc.) specify (Soil types, especially in the eastern areas), education, access to knowledge and support services (Lack of knowledge), Lack of enforcement of legislat./authority (Becoming a bigger problem (is already a problem))

3.8 Prévention, réduction de la dégradation ou réhabilitation des terres dégradées

Spécifiez l'objectif de la Technologie au regard de la dégradation des terres:

• restaurer/ réhabiliter des terres sévèrement dégradées

Commentaires:

Secondary goals: prevention of land degradation, mitigation / reduction of land degradation

4.2 Spécification/ explications techniques du dessin technique

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: low

Technical knowledge required for land users: low

Main technical functions: improvement of ground cover, sediment retention / trapping, sediment harvesting

Secondary technical functions: reduction of slope angle

Scattered / dispersed
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs
Number of plants per (ha): 150

Trees/ shrubs species: Tree species: adapt technology – no soil. Bigger holes, cattle manure (local available) and mixed

Other species: Botusantes speciosus, Peltophorum africanum Mainly this two species, also some Figus ingens

Structural measure: gabion

Construction material (stone): Started with big one and made it smaller (job creation)

Change of land use practices / intensity level: Fencing the area off

4.3 Informations générales sur le calcul des intrants et des coûts

autre/ monnaie nationale (précisez):

Rand

Indiquer le taux de change du dollars en monnaie locale (si pertinent): 1 USD= :

6,0

4.4 Activités de mise en place/ d'établissement

	Activité	Type de mesures	Calendrier
1.	Dig a hole	Végétale
2.	Plant the seedling	Végétale
3.	Watering	Végétale
4.	Collecting stones	Structurel	Before rainy season
5.	For concrete structures, fix it on the side (dig in)	Structurel
6.	Fencing the area off	Modes de gestion
7.	Reintroducing of game (Government paid for this)	Modes de gestion

4.5 Coûts et intrants nécessaires à la mise en place

	Spécifiez les intrants	Unité	Quantité	Coûts par unité	Coût total par intrant	% des coût supporté par les exploitants des terres
Main d'œuvre	Construction of gabions and planting	ha	1,0	3100,0	3100,0
Equipements	Machine use	ha	1,0	210,0	210,0
Matériel végétal	Tree seedlings	ha	1,0	625,0	625,0
Matériaux de construction	Fencing	ha	1,0	210,0	210,0
Coût total de mise en place de la Technologie					4145,0

Commentaires:

Duration of establishment phase: 36 month(s)

4.6 Activités d'entretien/ récurrentes

	Activité	Type de mesures	Calendrier/ fréquence
1.	Watering	Végétale	For some months /
2.	Bring loose stones back after very heavy storms	Structurel	Rainy season/Once a year

4.7 Coûts et intrants nécessaires aux activités d'entretien/ récurrentes (par an)

Commentaires:

5ha, concrete was used; land was given by the community, it was not possible to use it for something else (before rehabilitation); in other cases government paid 100% for the nature reserve and the pilot project

4.8 Facteurs les plus importants affectant les coûts

Décrivez les facteurs les plus importants affectant les coûts :

Got funding only for a part of the area for one year. Then in the next year more funding, but never sure if enough funding will be available.
5 ha at Chuniespoort more expensive (concrete walls used). The costs for the community are the given land they couldn’t used for grazing anymore.

5.1 Climat

5.2 Topographie

Commentaires et précisions supplémentaires sur la topographie:

Slopes on average: Gentle for Potlake and rolling for Nebo

5.3 Sols

Si disponible, joignez une description complète du sol ou précisez les informations disponibles, par ex., type de sol, pH/ acidité du sol, capacité d'échange cationique, azote, salinité, etc.

Soil depth on average: Very shallow in Mantrombi, except behind the gabion and deep in Nebo

Soil texture: Coarse especially behind gabion

Soil fertility is low for Mantrombi, except silt deposit and medium for the rest

Topsoil organic matter is low for Mantrombi, but improving and medium for the rest

Soil drainage / infiltration is good

Soil water storage capacity is low for Maandagshoek, medium for Potlake and good for Nebo

5.6 Caractéristiques des exploitants des terres appliquant la Technologie

Indiquez toute autre caractéristique pertinente des exploitants des terres:

Population density: 200-500 persons/km2

Annual population growth: 2% - 3%

(shop owners, doctors, etc).
40% of the land users are poor and own 40% of the land.
60% of the land users are poor and own 60% of the land.

Off-farm income specification: Working people are in towns, people who are living in the rural areas are children, women, and old people.

Market orientation of production system: Trends towards ecotourisme, more positive reaction to it. Game meat always popular, and becoming more regularly available to community. If it is available, they will go for it. Set area apart.

5.8 Propriété foncière, droits d’utilisation des terres et de l'eau

Propriété foncière:

• communauté/ village

Droits d’utilisation des terres:

• communautaire (organisé)

6.1 Impacts sur site que la Technologie a montrés

Impacts socio-économiques

Production

Revenus et coûts

Autres impacts socio-économiques

Impacts socioculturels

Impacts écologiques

Cycle de l'eau/ ruissellement

Sols

Autres impacts écologiques

6.2 Impacts hors site que la Technologie a montrés

6.4 Analyse coûts-bénéfices

Quels sont les bénéfices comparativement aux coûts de mise en place (du point de vue des exploitants des terres)?

Quels sont les bénéfices comparativement aux coûts d'entretien récurrents (du point de vue des exploitants des terres)?

6.7 Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités de la Technologie

Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités du point de vue de l'exploitant des terres
Nature Reserves a possible income

Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé
Reduce siltation for whole catchment (dam build in 1965 silted up in ±20 years!)
For recovery of vegetation and made wasteland available again for grazing
Retain water for aquifer and household uses.
Nature Reserves: Increase in biodiversity & income for community.

6.8 Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques de la Technologie et moyens de les surmonter

Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé	Comment peuvent-ils être surmontés?
High cost for fencing etc.
Soil conservation project – temporarily loss of land