1.2 Coordonnées des personnes-ressources et des institutions impliquées dans l'évaluation et la documentation de la Technologie

1.3 Conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées

Quand les données ont-elles été compilées (sur le terrain)?

02/06/2014

Le compilateur et la(les) personne(s) ressource(s) acceptent les conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées:

Oui

1.4 Déclaration sur la durabilité de la Technologie décrite

Est-ce que la Technologie décrite ici pose problème par rapport à la dégradation des terres, de telle sorte qu'elle ne peut pas être déclarée comme étant une technologie de gestion durable des terres?

Non

2.1 Courte description de la Technologie

Définition de la Technologie:

Various environmentally-friendly rural practices have been developed and applied in vineyards and orchards. These included contour tillage, strip cropping and buffer strips, as well as barriers to impede runoff made from straw and brushwood etc. There are also forest belts, channels for water retention and discharge, dams, and grassed waterways; trees are planted on land affected by landslides and soil erosion.

2.2 Description détaillée de la Technologie

Description:

Tartaul de Salcie belongs to the Pri-Danube steppe pedologic region: clay-sandy carbonated chernozem is predominant. Widespread erosion leads to compaction of upper horizons. There is a danger of soil alcalization if irrigated.The landscape is hilly, and very fragmented with a dense network of valleys. Almost 85% of the land is situated on slopes. The climate is moderately continental: the summers are warm and long, and the winters are mild and dry. Annual rainfall ranges around 500 millimetres; long dry spells are not unusual. The sources of income are crops, mainly grapes and walnuts for sale. Vegetables are also grown - for home consumption. People also have cattle and sheep, mainly for consumption. Plots are about 2 to 4 hectares per household, with title deeds and land maps to prove it. The main problem relates to registration and legalization of sale or inheritance of land which is bureaucratized and expensive. Incomes depend closely on the amount of precipitation, and also on market access and prices, but on average, per capita, it is 38 US dollars per month.
Various environmentally-friendly rural practices have been developed and applied in vineyards and orchards. These included contour tillage, strip cropping and buffer strips, as well as barriers to impede runoff made from straw and brushwood etc. Integrated plant protection is carried out, reducing soil and water pollution. There are also forest belts, and trees are planted on land affected by landslides and soil erosion. Cleaning of natural springs is carried out, and their protection is ensured. Forest species trees are planted around homes - and cleaning within around the village is practiced.

2.3 Photos de la Technologie

2.4 Vidéos de la Technologie

2.5 Pays/ région/ lieux où la Technologie a été appliquée et qui sont couverts par cette évaluation

2.6 Date de mise en œuvre de la Technologie

Indiquez l'année de mise en œuvre:

2000

Si l'année précise est inconnue, indiquez la date approximative: :

• il y a entre 10-50 ans

2.7 Introduction de la Technologie

Spécifiez comment la Technologie a été introduite: :

• au cours d'expérimentations / de recherches
• par le biais de projets/ d'interventions extérieures

3.1 Principal(aux) objectif(s) de la Technologie

• réduire, prévenir, restaurer les terres dégradées
• préserver l'écosystème
• protéger un bassin versant/ des zones situées en aval - en combinaison avec d'autres technologies
• conserver/ améliorer la biodiversité
• réduire les risques de catastrophes
• s'adapter au changement et aux extrêmes climatiques et à leurs impacts
• atténuer le changement climatique et ses impacts

3.2 Type(s) actuel(s) d'utilisation des terres, là où la Technologie est appliquée

3.3 Informations complémentaires sur l'utilisation des terres

Approvisionnement en eau des terres sur lesquelles est appliquée la Technologie:

• pluvial

Nombre de période de croissance par an: :

• 1

3.4 Groupe de GDT auquel appartient la Technologie

• agroforesterie
• système de rotation (rotation des cultures, jachères, agriculture itinérante)
• mesures en travers de la pente

3.5 Diffusion de la Technologie

Spécifiez la diffusion de la Technologie:

• répartie uniformément sur une zone

Si la Technologie est uniformément répartie sur une zone, indiquez la superficie couverte approximative:

• 100-1 000 km2

3.6 Mesures de GDT constituant la Technologie

Commentaires:

- Control of runoff
- Maintain/ increase soil fertility
- Increase/maintain water stored in soil

3.7 Principaux types de dégradation des terres traités par la Technologie

3.8 Prévention, réduction de la dégradation ou réhabilitation des terres dégradées

Spécifiez l'objectif de la Technologie au regard de la dégradation des terres:

• réduire la dégradation des terres
• restaurer/ réhabiliter des terres sévèrement dégradées

4.4 Activités de mise en place/ d'établissement

	Activité	Type de mesures	Calendrier
1.	Development of environmentally friendly rural practices	Végétale	After harvest of crops
2.	Public awareness and education	Végétale	In winter when farmers have time and during vegetative period - to show the results of the measures
3.	Monitoring and evaluation	Végétale	After rainfall and strong winds
4.	Combine income generation with land management	Végétale	During establishment and maintenance
5.	Give up unproductive land use practices	Végétale	When farmers are convinced about efficiency of tested practices
6.	Development of environmentally friendly rural practices	Agronomique	After harvest of crops
7.	Public awareness and education	Agronomique	In winter when farmers have time and during vegetative period - to show the results of the actions
8.	Monitoring and evaluation	Agronomique	After rainfall and strong winds
9.	Combine income generation with land management	Agronomique	During implementation
10.	Give up unproductive land use practices	Agronomique	When farmers are convinced about efficiency of tested practices

Commentaires:

Similar activities are performed for structural and management measures

4.5 Coûts et intrants nécessaires à la mise en place

Si le coût n'est pas pris en charge à 100% par l'exploitant des terres, indiquez qui a financé le coût restant:

The project Sustainable Agriculture financed by the Dutch Foundations CORDAID AND NOVIB

5.1 Climat

5.2 Topographie

Indiquez si la Technologie est spécifiquement appliquée dans des:

• non pertinent

Commentaires et précisions supplémentaires sur la topographie:

The landscape is hilly, very fragmented with a dense network of valleys. Almost 85% of the land is situated on slopes. About 60% of the land has a gradient from 2 to 6 degree, while 25% of land has an inclination exceeding 6 degrees. Water erosion processes are widespread and quite intense. The predominant length of the hillsides in Tartaul de Salcie is over 1000 m.

5.3 Sols

Si disponible, joignez une description complète du sol ou précisez les informations disponibles, par ex., type de sol, pH/ acidité du sol, capacité d'échange cationique, azote, salinité, etc.

Tartaul de Salcie belongs to the Pri-Danube steppe pedologic region. Clay-sandy carbonated chernozem is predominant on the territory of the village.The intensification of the erosion process leads to compaction of the upper horizons. The drainage porosity is high in the weakly and moderately eroded soils, and medium in heavily eroded soils. There is a large impact of erosion on penetrability. There is a danger of soil alkalization if irrigated

5.4 Disponibilité et qualité de l'eau

La salinité de l'eau est-elle un problème? :

Oui

Précisez:

Water mineralization is high: 1 mg/l

La zone est-elle inondée?

Oui

Régularité:

épisodiquement

5.5 Biodiversité

5.6 Caractéristiques des exploitants des terres appliquant la Technologie

Indiquez toute autre caractéristique pertinente des exploitants des terres:

The sources of income are agricultural crops, mainly grapes and walnuts for sale, but also vegetables for home consumption. People also have cattle and sheep in their households, mainly for own consumption and some extra for sale.|
People in the community have land plots of about 2 to 4 hectares per household - which belongs to them - and they have title deeds and land maps to prove it. The main problem relates to registration and legalization of sale or inheritance of land which is bureaucratized and expensive. The principal landowner in the village is the association of shareholders “TarSalAgro”.
Income in the area depends much on the amount of precipitation and also on market access and prices, but on the average for the last 3 years the estimated income per capita per month was 38 US dollars.

5.7 Superficie moyenne des terres détenues ou louées par les exploitants appliquant la Technologie

5.8 Propriété foncière, droits d’utilisation des terres et de l'eau

Propriété foncière:

• entreprise
• communauté/ village

Droits d’utilisation des terres:

• communautaire (organisé)
• individuel

Droits d’utilisation de l’eau:

• communautaire (organisé)
• individuel

5.9 Accès aux services et aux infrastructures

6.1 Impacts sur site que la Technologie a montrés

Impacts socio-économiques

Production

Impacts socioculturels

Impacts écologiques

Cycle de l'eau/ ruissellement

Sols

Biodiversité: végétale, animale

6.2 Impacts hors site que la Technologie a montrés

Commentaires concernant l'évaluation des impacts:

While illegal cutting of trees still occurs, people started planting forest species of trees on all spare spaces in the village, which has improved the environment and compensates for earlier loss through tree cutting without replacement planting. |
Community cohesion has improved. People became less isolated through participation in meetings, training events, they exchange opinions more frequently and assist each other. |
Productivity is paramount, since it guarantees future income. For the soil to be productive for many years ahead, sustainable technologies were proposed and implemented. Thus, while the crops have not increased much, the replacement of mineral nutrients with manure diminished expenditures and needs. Changes included a cleaner community area and cleaner households, better use of existing resources, and more attention to hygiene.

6.3 Exposition et sensibilité de la Technologie aux changements progressifs et aux évènements extrêmes/catastrophes liés au climat (telles que perçues par les exploitants des terres)

Commentaires:

Environmentally friendly rural practices implemented in Tartaul de Salcie improved soil properties, water quality, restored forests, planted forest belts, i.e. they create very good conditions for the development of agricultural biodiversity and wild biodiversity in farming landscapes. |
Environmentally friendly rural practices are one of the main sinks of carbon dioxide. Thus, they have a positively impact on climate change mitigation. |
Environmentally friendly rural practices are in harmony with nature and they positively impact on climate change adaptation.

6.4 Analyse coûts-bénéfices

Quels sont les bénéfices comparativement aux coûts de mise en place (du point de vue des exploitants des terres)?

Quels sont les bénéfices comparativement aux coûts d'entretien récurrents (du point de vue des exploitants des terres)?

6.5 Adoption de la Technologie

• 1-10%

Si disponible, quantifiez (nombre de ménages et/ou superficie couverte):

The area covered is over 1000 ha

Parmi tous ceux qui ont adopté la Technologie, combien d'entre eux l'ont fait spontanément, à savoir sans recevoir aucune incitation matérielle ou aucun paiement?

• 10-50%

6.6 Adaptation

La Technologie a-t-elle été récemment modifiée pour s'adapter à l'évolution des conditions?

Non

6.7 Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités de la Technologie

Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités du point de vue de l'exploitant des terres
Reduce soil loss and runoff from the slopes
The project used local knowledge and people are happy that their ideas are implemented in their own village.
Almost all village the population was involved to some extent in the development and implementation of activities, and they are proud that their village has become better than others, and outsiders come and learn how to improve their own situation.

Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé
Show sincere interest in people's life and their problems. Seek expertise among wise village people and encourage them to share it. Accept people as they are and provide assistance for their growth
Teach people to save and plan. Advise them that wise investment always pays off. Teach them to invest more in things they treasure most (family, health, land, local forests, etc.).
Try out and experiment with new things on a small scale, so that failure does not affect income significantly.

6.8 Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques de la Technologie et moyens de les surmonter

Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques du point de vue de l’exploitant des terres	Comment peuvent-ils être surmontés?
Difficulty to cover maintenance costs after end of project	Possibility to apply for additional funding to National Environmental Fund and to motivate the private sector to cover better the respective expenses.
Lack of interest of new LPA to continue to implement the SLM practices on communal land.	Awareness building workshops with farmers who implement SLM practices.
Lack of substantial difference in profit.	Although there is a small difference in the short term, nevertheless the soil quality and water storage capacity will be improved, and as a result, the yields and profits will be increased in the long term.

7.1 Méthodes/ sources d'information

7.2 Références des publications disponibles

Titre, auteur, année, ISBN:

Making a Difference. Secretariat of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD)

Disponible à partir d'où? Coût?

http://www.recoveryplatform.org/assets/submissions/200909020934_recovery_from_desertification.pdf

Titre, auteur, année, ISBN:

Elena Bivol, Valentin Ciubotaru. Farmer’s Book (Cartea fermierului)/ NGO BIOS, Chisinau, 2005, 264 p. ISBN: 978-9975-9901-4-1

Disponible à partir d'où? Coût?

NGO BIOS. 72/3 Columna str. # 3, Chisinau, MD-2001, Republic of Moldova