1.2 Coordonnées des personnes-ressources et des institutions impliquées dans l'évaluation et la documentation de la Technologie

Nom du projet qui a facilité la documentation/ l'évaluation de la Technologie (si pertinent)

Combating land degradation and biodiversity loss by promoting sustainable rangeland management and biodiversity conservation in Afghanistan

Nom du ou des institutions qui ont facilité la documentation/ l'évaluation de la Technologie (si pertinent)

FAO Afghanistan (FAO Afghanistan) - Afghanistan

1.3 Conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées

Le compilateur et la(les) personne(s) ressource(s) acceptent les conditions relatives à l'utilisation par WOCAT des données documentées:

Oui

1.4 Déclaration sur la durabilité de la Technologie décrite

Est-ce que la Technologie décrite ici pose problème par rapport à la dégradation des terres, de telle sorte qu'elle ne peut pas être déclarée comme étant une technologie de gestion durable des terres?

Non

1.5 Référence au(x) Questionnaires sur les Approches de GDT (documentées au moyen de WOCAT)

2.1 Courte description de la Technologie

Définition de la Technologie:

The learning site incorporates several key elements of the technology including a solar-powered water lifting system, three reservoirs and an adopted irrigation system. It features demonstration plots for various initiatives, such as tree planting (walnut, almond, pomegranate and mulberry , the cultivation of fodder (alfalfal Mazari palm) and and medicinal plants (e,g, cumin), and a nursery (walnut) established through the community’s own contributions.

2.2 Description détaillée de la Technologie

Description:

The site was rich in flora and fauna, but human and animal interference has led to significant degradation. Many indigenous plants have been uprooted, and wildlife has migrated due to the loss of habitat. In response, the community has begun to manage and restore the land through practices like rotational grazing and quarantine measures to combat illegal logging. The degradation of natural resources, particularly forests and rangelands, has significantly impacted local communities in Khost. Many residents rely on these resources for fuel, heating, and grazing livestock. However, challenges such as overgrazing, the uprooting of bushes and shrubs, and deforestation for fuel have led to considerable environmental degradation. The lack of proper management of these natural resources has resulted in consistent flooding, which erodes and pollutes agricultural lands. Additionally, local communities often do not recognize the value of these resources, leading to unsustainable land-use practices. Poverty, ongoing conflicts, political instability, and unemployment have driven residents to cut down trees for sale in local markets to support their livelihoods.
To address these challenges, we conducted a participatory assessment involving local communities and stakeholders, aiming to establish a learning site for sustainable land and forest management practices. Our assessment revealed that many local residents were unaware of sustainable practices or the ecological significance of these resources, contributing to ongoing environmental degradation.
After assessing the natural resources and community needs, we established a learning site for sustainable forest and rangeland management. Feasibility studies helped us identify available water sources, assess community interest, and select suitable land next to forests and rangelands. The site selected is easily accessible, located about 10 kilometers from the main road.
In the initial phase, we installed 26 solar panels on three metal stands, each with a capacity of 400 watts, positioned 200 meters from the water source. At the water source, we installed a 2-inch submersible pump to lift water to the learning site, which encompasses approximately 20 hectares of land across three small hills, each situated 300 meters apart.
We constructed three reservoirs, each with a capacity of 192 cubic meters. The first reservoir is located 300 meters from the water source and is fed by the solar system. A pipe network system utilizing 2-inch pipes connects the water source to the first reservoir and the other two reservoirs. This system allows the reservoirs to supply water to lower fields or demonstration plots via gravity.
In the demonstration plots, a network of pipes was installed every 50 meters, with taps placed accordingly. We established a 20-hectare learning site focused on sustainable forest and rangeland management practices, featuring demonstration plots for reforestation, fodder and medicinal plant production, reseeding, and a forest nursery. The dimensions of these plots include 10 hectares for reforestation, 2 hectares for fodder production, 0.5 hectares for medicinal plants, and 0.1 hectares for the walnut nursery. A total of 3,000 forest species were planted in the reforestation plot, along with alfalfa and Mazari palm in the fodder plots, and black cumin in the medicinal plot.
These plots are irrigated using flexible 1-inch pipes connected to the taps installed every 50 meters. Given Khost Province's favorable weather conditions, the plants require irrigation primarily from April to August; outside of this interval, the irrigation system provides sufficient water to sustain the site. And the site were fenced with barbed wire for protection.
The technology is applied to communal land adjacent to forests and rangelands. It serves as an educational center for the local community, focusing on sustainable landscape restoration and management. A savings box was created, and a Forest and Rangeland Management Association was established. Social funds were set up, along with fencing and hiring guards for the maintenance of the technology.
Key infrastructure was established, including a solar-powered lifting system, constructed reservoirs, and a piping network for irrigation. Various forest species were planted in reforestation plots, while local seeds were planted in fodder and medicinal plots. Additionally, walnut seeds were sown in a nursery for diverse restoration practices. These efforts have revitalized the land. Barbed wire fencing was installed for protection, and the site is now fully operational as a learning site.
The introduction of this technology brought about positive changes in the local community. They have successfully quarantined forest and rangeland, implemented rotational grazing, and collected local seeds and cuttings to plant on degraded lands and riverbanks. Community-based nurseries were also established to transplant seedlings into degraded forest areas, helping to revitalize natural resources.
The local community is optimistic about the technology, particularly the reservoir construction and solar-powered lifting systems that ensure water availability, as well as the restoration techniques employed. However, they expressed concerns about interference from neighbors, livestock grazing, floods that can clog pumps, and damage from hail and windstorms to solar panels.

2.3 Photos de la Technologie

2.4 Vidéos de la Technologie

2.5 Pays/ région/ lieux où la Technologie a été appliquée et qui sont couverts par cette évaluation

2.6 Date de mise en œuvre de la Technologie

Indiquez l'année de mise en œuvre:

2023

2.7 Introduction de la Technologie

Spécifiez comment la Technologie a été introduite: :

• par le biais de projets/ d'interventions extérieures

Commentaires (type de projet, etc.) :

FAO- GEF-07 Combating land degradation and biodiversity loss by promoting sustainable rangeland management and biodiversity conservation in Afghanistan (GEF7)

3.1 Principal(aux) objectif(s) de la Technologie

• réduire, prévenir, restaurer les terres dégradées
• préserver l'écosystème
• conserver/ améliorer la biodiversité
• s'adapter au changement et aux extrêmes climatiques et à leurs impacts

• serves as educational centre for the local community on sustainable landscape restoration and management

3.2 Type(s) actuel(s) d'utilisation des terres, là où la Technologie est appliquée

Les divers types d'utilisation des terres au sein du même unité de terrain: :

Oui

Précisez l'utilisation mixte des terres (cultures/ pâturages/ arbres):

• Sylvo-pastoralisme

Commentaires:

Due to poor management, the land has been overgrazed. To address this, we established a learning site focused on restoration through various interventions: reforestation, fodder and medicinal plant demonstration plots, and a 50-square-meter nursery for sapling production. The site is protected by fencing to prevent herders from grazing, allowing them to collect fodder instead. Some fodder is left in the field to produce seeds for natural regeneration.
Forest and Rangeland Management Association focuses on:
Local seed collection: Gathering native seeds to enhance biodiversity and ensure ecosystem resilience.
Ecotourism development: Encouraging visitors to explore the sites, fostering appreciation for local flora and fauna while supporting conservation efforts.
Regeneration of native species: Implementing strategies to restore and regenerate various native plant species, which play crucial roles in maintaining ecological balance.
Fodder production for silage: Cultivating high-quality fodder crops that contribute to livestock nutrition and support sustainable agriculture.
Sapling production through nurseries: Establishing nurseries dedicated to growing saplings of native forest species as well as fruit and nut trees, which can be used for reforestation, habitat restoration efforts and generating income.

3.3 Est-ce que l’utilisation des terres a changé en raison de la mise en œuvre de la Technologie ?

Est-ce que l’utilisation des terres a changé en raison de la mise en œuvre de la Technologie ?

• Oui (Veuillez remplir les questions ci-après au regard de l’utilisation des terres avant la mise en œuvre de la Technologie)

Les divers types d'utilisation des terres au sein du même unité de terrain: :

Oui

Précisez l'utilisation mixte des terres (cultures/ pâturages/ arbres):

• Agropastoralisme (y compris les systèmes culture-élevage intégrés)

Commentaires:

The area is a dry mountainous terrain with natural vegetation including wild olive, mazari palm, hopbush, and grasses. It supports nomadic and semi-nomadic pastoralism, primarily grazing goats, sheep, and cows.

3.4 Approvisionnement en eau

Approvisionnement en eau des terres sur lesquelles est appliquée la Technologie:

• mixte: pluvial-irrigué

Commentaires:

Near the learning site, a gully and springs provide a year-round water source. We have installed a solar-powered lifting system and constructed three reservoirs to distribute water across 20 hectares, including the planted areas and demonstration plots. A network of pipes and taps with flexible hoses ensures efficient water distribution. This water source is exclusively for this site and does not affect neighboring villages or farmers.

3.5 Groupe de GDT auquel appartient la Technologie

• gestion des plantations forestières
• Amélioration de la couverture végétale/ du sol
• gestion de l'irrigation (incl. l'approvisionnement en eau, le drainage)

3.6 Mesures de GDT constituant la Technologie

Commentaires:

The whole area 20 hectares have been fenced with barbed wire, under the structure measures, reservoirs have been constructed and dug pits for plants.

3.7 Principaux types de dégradation des terres traités par la Technologie

Commentaires:

The local community relies on natural resources for their livelihoods, leading to deforestation, overgrazing, and the uprooting of shrubs and bushes for fuel. Severe runoff, droughts, and climate change have further contributed to environmental degradation.

3.8 Prévention, réduction de la dégradation ou réhabilitation des terres dégradées

Spécifiez l'objectif de la Technologie au regard de la dégradation des terres:

• restaurer/ réhabiliter des terres sévèrement dégradées
• s'adapter à la dégradation des terres

Commentaires:

An educational center (learning site) has been established on degraded land to enhance the capacity of the local community and other stakeholders about best practices for landscape restoration.

4.1 Dessin technique de la Technologie

4.2 Informations générales sur le calcul des intrants et des coûts

Spécifiez la manière dont les coûts et les intrants ont été calculés:

• par superficie de la Technologie

Indiquez la monnaie utilisée pour le calcul des coûts:

• dollars américains

4.3 Activités de mise en place/ d'établissement

	Activité	Calendrier des activités (saisonnier)
1.	Conduction of survey, feasibility study, and site selection	1st month
2.	Finding of water source	2nd month
3.	Installation of solar power lifting system	4rd month
4.	Construction of reservoirs	5th month
5.	Installation of irrigation piping system	12th-1st month of the year
6.	Saplings delivered by supplier to the site from contracted nurseries	1st-2th month
7.	Planting of saplings	2-3rdmonth
8.	Preparation of two demonstration plots for fodder and medicinal plants	3rd month
9.	Planting of seeds for fodder and medicinal plants	3rd month
10.	Installation of barbed wire fencing for 20 hectares	7-9th month
11.	Ensurance of operation and maintenance of all systems	24th month

4.4 Coûts et intrants nécessaires à la mise en place

	Spécifiez les intrants	Unité	Quantité	Coûts par unité	Coût total par intrant	% des coût supporté par les exploitants des terres
Main d'œuvre	Installation of solar system and pipe installation	Person/day	100,0	6,0	600,0
Main d'œuvre	Digging pits, plantation and irrigation of Plants	Person/day	453,0	6,0	2718,0	100,0
Main d'œuvre	Excavation of foundation	Person/day	80,0	5,0	400,0
Main d'œuvre	Preparing demonstration plots for fodder and medicinal plants	Square meter	25000,0	0,13	3250,0	100,0
Main d'œuvre	Stone Masonry	Person/day	136,0	6,0	816,0
Main d'œuvre	Plastering	Person/day	72,0	5,0	360,0
Main d'œuvre	Plain cement concrete	Person/day	57,0	5,0	285,0
Main d'œuvre	Plain cement concrete PCC M20	Person/day	390,0	5,0	1950,0
Equipements	Entrance Gate	Number	1,0	200,0	200,0
Equipements	Solar panel 400W	Sheet	26,0	140,0	3640,0
Equipements	Rotating PV panel mount	Number	3,0	350,0	1050,0
Equipements	Submersible pump 2 inch (10PH-7500W)	Number	1,0	300,0	300,0
Equipements	DC-AC current inverter 7.5-11kw	Number	1,0	200,0	200,0
Equipements	Distribution board	Number	1,0	75,0	75,0
Equipements	Sign board	Number	3,0	3,0	9,0
Equipements	Sign board	Number	1,0	150,0	150,0
Matériel végétal	Walnut	Sapling	2000,0	0,56	1120,0
Matériel végétal	Almond	Sapling	500,0	0,67	335,0
Matériel végétal	Mulberry	Sapling	100,0	0,44	44,0
Matériel végétal	Pomegranate	Sapling	500,0	0,51	255,0
Matériel végétal	Alfalfa seed	Kg	50,0	2,72	136,0
Matériel végétal	Black Cumin seed	Kg	15,0	6,72	100,8
Matériaux de construction	Tap	Number	30,0	3,0	90,0
Matériaux de construction	Flexon 1 inch rubberized pipes	Meter	1250,0	2,0	2500,0
Matériaux de construction	DC current wire	Meter	100,0	2,0	200,0
Matériaux de construction	AC current wire	Meter	150,0	2,0	300,0
Matériaux de construction	Polyethylene pipe 1.5 inch	Meter	2000,0	2,0	4000,0
Matériaux de construction	Polyethylene pipe 2 inch	Meter	780,0	3,0	2340,0
Matériaux de construction	Polyethylene pipe 3 inch	Meter	300,0	5,0	1500,0
Autre	Delivery to the site	Lump sum	1,0	300,0	300,0
Autre	Galvanized iron pipe 2 inch for pillar	Meter	125,0	5,0	625,0
Autre	Galvanized iron pipe 1.5 inch for bracing	Number	470,0	10,5	4935,0
Autre	Fence	Meter	15,0	25,0	375,0
Autre	Double strand galvanized barbed wire for fencing	Meter	4200,0	0,25	1050,0
Coût total de mise en place de la Technologie					36208,8
Coût total de mise en place de la Technologie en dollars américains (USD)					36208,8

Si le coût n'est pas pris en charge à 100% par l'exploitant des terres, indiquez qui a financé le coût restant:

FAO

Commentaires:

The land users contributed primarily by digging pits for planting, preparing demonstration plots, and maintaining the system. Additionally, they hired guards to protect the area from disturbances. All other costs associated with the project were covered by the FAO.

4.5 Activités d'entretien/ récurrentes

	Activité	Calendrier/ fréquence
1.	Removal of sediment from reservoirs	Spring/annually
2.	Safeguarding the site such as solar system, and on-site interventions	All seasons/regular
3.	Repairing solar system & water pump and pipes	Regularly
4.	Demonstration plots maintenance (pest-diseases control, mulching, weeding and Irrigation	Spring & Automn/annually
5.	Replacing dead and dried plants	Feb/two times (1st & 2nd year)
6.	Repairing fencing	Year around

4.6 Coûts et intrants nécessaires aux activités d'entretien/ récurrentes (par an)

	Spécifiez les intrants	Unité	Quantité	Coûts par unité	Coût total par intrant	% des coût supporté par les exploitants des terres
Main d'œuvre	Labour for cleaning the reservoir from sediment annually	Person/day	15,0	5,0	75,0	100,0
Main d'œuvre	Hiring guards for safeguarding the site	Person/day	12,0	100,0	1200,0	100,0
Main d'œuvre	Fixing pump when needed	Lump sum	1,0	50,0	50,0	100,0
Main d'œuvre	Repairing pipes	Lump Sum	1,0	100,0	100,0	100,0
Main d'œuvre	Repairing solar panel when required	Lump sum	1,0	1000,0	1000,0	100,0
Main d'œuvre	Weed control	Person/day	10,0	5,0	50,0	100,0
Main d'œuvre	Integrated Pest Management	Lump sum	1,0	5,0	5,0	100,0
Main d'œuvre	Irrigation	Person/day	8,0	50,0	400,0	100,0
Matériel végétal	Saplings	Number	1500,0	0,56	840,0	100,0
Matériel végétal	Local Seed	Kg	15,0	26,0	390,0	100,0
Matériaux de construction	Barbed wire	meter	3000,0	0,14	420,0	100,0
Autre	Replacing dead and dried plants	Lump sum	1,0	300,0	300,0
Coût total d'entretien de la Technologie					4830,0
Coût total d'entretien de la Technologie en dollars américains (USD)					4830,0

4.7 Facteurs les plus importants affectant les coûts

Décrivez les facteurs les plus importants affectant les coûts :

Construction materials cost

5.1 Climat

5.2 Topographie

Indiquez si la Technologie est spécifiquement appliquée dans des:

• situations convexes

Commentaires et précisions supplémentaires sur la topographie:

The site is situated near a forest and rangeland, with a gentle slope of approximately 45 degrees and an elevation of 1,279.49 meters above sea level. Surrounding mountains are covered with wild olive forests.

5.3 Sols

5.4 Disponibilité et qualité de l'eau

La salinité de l'eau est-elle un problème? :

Non

La zone est-elle inondée?

Oui

Régularité:

épisodiquement

Commentaires et précisions supplémentaires sur la qualité et la quantité d'eau:

The water quality meets site requirements; however, seasonal fluctuations occur due to droughts. Floods in the lower gully, carry debris and sediments that can impact the source.

5.5 Biodiversité

Commentaires et précisions supplémentaires sur la biodiversité:

The site was rich in flora and fauna, but human and animal interference has led to significant degradation. Many indigenous plants have been uprooted, and wildlife has migrated due to the loss of habitat. In response, the community has begun to manage and restore the land through practices like rotational grazing and quarantine measures to combat illegal logging.

5.6 Caractéristiques des exploitants des terres appliquant la Technologie

5.7 Superficie moyenne des terres utilisées par les exploitants des terres appliquant la Technologie

5.8 Propriété foncière, droits d’utilisation des terres et de l'eau

Propriété foncière:

• communauté/ village

Droits d’utilisation des terres:

• communautaire (organisé)

Droits d’utilisation de l’eau:

• communautaire (organisé)

Est-ce que les droits d'utilisation des terres sont fondés sur un système juridique traditionnel?

Oui

Précisez:

Land use rights in traditional legal systems are generally straightforward, with each family in a village having equal access to natural resources.

Commentaires:

Overall, this traditional approach emphasizes community and family roles in resource management, balancing individual rights with communal responsibilities

5.9 Accès aux services et aux infrastructures

Commentaires:

Due to three to four decades of political conflict, people lack access to essential services and infrastructure. This situation has been largely overlooked, with insufficient attention given to providing these services. Additionally, there has been a lack of budget allocation and support from the government and NGOs. As a result, communities continue to suffer from inadequate resources and infrastructure development.

6.1 Impacts sur site que la Technologie a montrés

Impacts socio-économiques

Production

Disponibilité et qualité de l'eau

Revenus et coûts

Impacts socioculturels

Impacts écologiques

Cycle de l'eau/ ruissellement

Sols

Biodiversité: végétale, animale

Réduction des risques de catastrophe et des risques climatiques

6.2 Impacts hors site que la Technologie a montrés

6.3 Exposition et sensibilité de la Technologie aux changements progressifs et aux évènements extrêmes/catastrophes liés au climat (telles que perçues par les exploitants des terres)

Changements climatiques progressifs

Changements climatiques progressifs

	Saison	Augmentation ou diminution	Comment la Technologie fait-elle face à cela?
températures annuelles		décroît	pas bien du tout
précipitations annuelles		augmente	pas bien du tout
précipitations saisonnières	été	augmente	pas bien du tout

Extrêmes climatiques (catastrophes)

Catastrophes météorologiques

	Comment la Technologie fait-elle face à cela?
tempête de neige locale	pas bien du tout

Catastrophes climatiques

	Comment la Technologie fait-elle face à cela?
canicule	pas bien du tout
sécheresse	pas bien du tout

Catastrophes hydrologiques

	Comment la Technologie fait-elle face à cela?
crue éclair	pas bien du tout

Commentaires:

Before the implementation of the project land users faced severe challenges, including drought, high temperatures, water scarcity for irrigation, reduced yields, and a lack of winter feed alternatives for livestock.
Following the introduction of sustainable rangeland management and biodiversity conservation, local communities adopted rotational grazing practices and protected forests from cutting, which had previously been their main source of income. As a result, vegetation cover improved, carbon stocks increased, and rainwater began to seep into the ground, recharging the water table, springs, canals, and Karezes. These efforts reulted in a more resilient and productive environment.

6.4 Analyse coûts-bénéfices

Quels sont les bénéfices comparativement aux coûts de mise en place (du point de vue des exploitants des terres)?

Quels sont les bénéfices comparativement aux coûts d'entretien récurrents (du point de vue des exploitants des terres)?

6.5 Adoption de la Technologie

• 1-10%

De tous ceux qui ont adopté la Technologie, combien d'entre eux l'ont fait spontanément, à savoir sans recevoir aucune incitation matérielle, ou aucune rémunération? :

• 0-10%

Commentaires:

The adoption of the technology in the specified area has primarily been spontaneous, significantly influenced by the support provided by the project. While a small percentage of land users may have received material incentives, the majority embraced the technology due to its demonstrated benefits and the project's educational efforts. This support helped to build trust and confidence among the land users, enabling them to implement the technology effectively in their practices. Overall, this highlights the importance of community engagement and capacity building in fostering sustainable land management practices.

6.6 Adaptation

La Technologie a-t-elle été récemment modifiée pour s'adapter à l'évolution des conditions?

Non

6.7 Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités de la Technologie

Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités du point de vue de l'exploitant des terres
It is crucial for local communities to learn sustainable land and forest restoration techniques. These methods are not only accessible but also involve minimal operational costs. By empowering land users with this knowledge.
We can adopt sustainable land and forest management practices to revitalize our degraded land. This learning process is straightforward and easily applicable.
We have great opportunities and abundant resources to utilize. This area serves as a hub for scaling sustainable practices, allowing us to learn, observe, and implement solutions that will benefit future generations.
We can efficiently use surface water for irrigation instead of groundwater, helping to restore degraded land through these initiatives.
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions through effective carbon sequestration.
Learn regeneration techniques, rainwater harvesting, and grazing management methods like rotational grazing. Focus on producing fodder and medicinal plants, while understanding indigenous plants and shrubs for the future.

Points forts/ avantages/ possibilités du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé
This site is highly accessible, surrounded by dense forests and extensive rangelands that can be utilized sustainably.
Local community members, university students, and stakeholders can easily visit this site.
This site is an excellent destination for tourists to visit, enjoy, and learn about the importance of natural resources and their management techniques.
The local community can easily adopt these simple techniques to learn sustainable land and forest restoration practices.
The local community has hired guards to maintain the site effectively. They are gaining knowledge and enhancing their capacity for future interventions, contributing positively to development initiatives.

6.8 Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques de la Technologie et moyens de les surmonter

Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques du point de vue de l’exploitant des terres	Comment peuvent-ils être surmontés?
Insufficient maintenance and repair services for the technology.	Establishing strong linkages with service providers and maintenance support. This also facilitates nationwide technology transfer, enabling broader adoption and implementation of sustainable practices.
There is a lack of qualified professionals on-site to teach visitors the technical aspects of the technology. This gap hinders effective learning and limits the ability of visitors to fully understand and engage with the technology.	Hire on-farm officers to oversee and manage the learning site and provide information to visitors.
A check dam is required in the gully to store water for sustainability, especially during drought seasons when water availability decreases.	Construct a check dam in the lower section of the gully to store water for sustainability, allowing visitors to learn about water harvesting techniques.
There are currently no available resources for replacing the dead plants.	Establish nurseries for forest species to produce saplings that can replace dead and dried plants in the future.

Faiblesses/ inconvénients/ risques du point de vue du compilateur ou d'une autre personne ressource clé	Comment peuvent-ils être surmontés?
There are concerns about windstorms and hail potentially damaging the solar panels.	The local community should establish a social fund to cover repairs for any damage to solar panels caused by windstorms or hail, as well as to fund the installation of fencing around the solar panel stands.
Concerns have arisen regarding land disputes as the local community acts on land distribution amidst a growing population.	All villagers should receive a formal guaranteed letter, signed by the district governor, ensuring that no future actions will be taken to redistribute this site among the villagers.
There is a lack of essential water structures, such as percolation tanks and detention ponds, for effective rainwater harvesting.	Construct percolation tanks and detention ponds to harvest rainwater, which can be used to water livestock. Additionally, this initiative will provide an opportunity to learn and implement dryland farming techniques.
Too much water is wasted through flexible pipe basin irrigation methods. Additionally, required live hedges for fencing and windbreaks.	Install a drip irrigation system with an efficient piping layout and plant pine, poplar, and other trees alongside barbed wire to create a windbreak and a natural barrier for site protection. This will also provide an opportunity to learn various agricultural techniques.

7.1 Méthodes/ sources d'information

7.2 Références des publications disponibles

Titre, auteur, année, ISBN:

N/A

7.3 Liens vers les informations pertinentes en ligne

Titre/ description:

N/A

7.4 Observations d'ordre général

The questionnaire is well-structured, but some sections, particularly 6.2 and 6.3, need simplification. Additionally, the database should provide outputs during data processing, highlighting both best practices and common mistakes related to the technology. This will help us generate a comprehensive report that showcases effective practices and identifies areas for improvement.