Хураангуй

Тодорхойлолт

Beekeeping is an activity which involves maintenance of bee colonies by using man-made hives within a selected forest area which provides the required feed and habitat resources required by bees. Through beekeeping, trees are conserved as they provide flowers hence ensuring feeds for bees. Beekeeping is used as an approach of protecting forest reserves against encroachments. Bee products, produced within the value chain, improve the livelihoods of beekeepers and communities at large while conserving the environment at the same time.

Beekeeping is an activity which involves care and management of honeybees for production of bee products, mostly honey and bee-wax. Beekeeping is an environmentally friendly activity ensuring conservation of trees and other forest resources protected through it. Therefore, beekeeping is undertaken for two major purposes which are:

•Production of bee products through which livelihoods of beekeepers and communities at large are improved and;
•Protection of trees and thereby, forest water resources.

Beekeeping is largely dictated by weather/climatic conditions; hence it is very crucial for the beekeeper to understand the rhythm of various seasons for successful beekeeping.
In this approach, trainings were provided to beekeepers in a community in Tabora Region, Sikonge District, on modern beekeeping techniques and skills which involve the use of modern hives and tools for increased production of bee products. Beekeepers were trained on:

•Measures which can be taken to ensure successful honey and wax production and;
•Measures required to adapt to impacts on bees from climate change.

Representatives from the Miombo Beekeeping Group (user group) are experienced beekeepers who have been in the field for a long period. Land users/beekeepers liked the approach because beekeeping does not require a lot of time due to its seasonal nature. Therefore, a beekeeper can have, besides beekeeping activities, ample time for carrying out other production activities, e.g. agricultural activities. Also, beekeeping does not require large areas of land and beekeeping can therefore, be integrated with other activities.
Insufficient capital for accessing modern hives and tools is one of the hinderances which make it hard for some of beekeepers to adopt improved beekeeping approaches.

Байршил

Байршил: SIKONGE DISTRICT, TABORA, Бүгд Найрамдах Нэгдсэн Танзани Улс

Сонгосон байршлуудын газарзүйн холболт

32.72368, -5.6255

Эхлэх огноо: тодорхойгүй

Төгсөх жил: тодорхойгүй

Арга барилын төрөл

уламжлалт / уугуул
Сүүлийн үеийн орон нутгийн санаачлага / шинэчлэл
төсөл / хөтөлбөр дээр үндэслэсэн

Арга барилын зорилго ба эерэг нөлөө

Арга барилын үндсэн зорилго, зорилт

1. Beekeeping is practiced as a method of conservation of trees and other potential resources against encroachment from illegal timber harvesting, specifically in forest reserves.
2. Beekeeping is further developed for diversification of income sources so as to have access to other bee products besides honey which is commonly used as food and medicine.
3. On-farm beekeeping ensures pollination of crops thereby increasing crop yields.

Тухайн Арга барилын хүрээнд нэвтрүүлсэн Технологийг хэрэгжүүлэхэд дэмжлэг болох нөхцлүүд

Нийгэм / соёл / шашны хэм хэмжээ, үнэт зүйлс: Beekeeping being one of the traditional practices in this area, minimum energy and resources are required on promoting and sensitizing individuals to undertake beekeeping as they are experienced with it. Knowledge transfer is shared from one generation to another within families as members are engaged in management of beehives and other beekeeping activities throughout.
Бүтэц зохион байгуулалт: For effective management of beekeeping activities, institutions have placed beekeeping officers for administration and supervision of beekeeping activities by linking beekeepers to the Government.
Талуудыг хамтын ажиллагаа/зохицуулалт: Beekeepers tend to form groups within their communities, through which they undertake their beekeeping activities. Through such beekeeping groups, they are easily reached by the government for trainings, technical support and financial grants that are given to groups who apply for projects specifically on beekeeping activities. Various stakeholders collaborate with the government by providing technical support to beekeepers in terms of skills and tools required.
Хууль, эрхзүйн хүрээ (газар эзэмшил, газар, ус ашиглах эрх): In Tanzania, beekeeping is allowed to be undertaken in forest reserves and bee reserves. Beekeepers are granted with an entry permit into reserves for undertaking their beekeeping activities. Because of the presence of diverse plant species that flower at different seasons and also the security of their beehives, beekeepers prefer beekeeping in protected areas.
Бодлогууд: Beekeeping is one among the Departments within the Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism which has policies and regulations in place.
Газрын засаглал (шийдвэр гаргах, хэрэгжүүлэх, шаардлага): The presence of laws that govern management of forest and bee reserves as well as by-laws, against encroachment by illegal human activities, ensures the security of natural resources required by bees.
ГТМ-ийн талаарх мэдлэг, техникийн дэмжлэг авах боломж: Hands-on trainings to beekeepers are provided through extension services by beekeeping officers. Also, the presence of institutions in the country which provide technical knowledge on modern beekeeping techniques ensures professionalism and sustainable beekeeping practices.
Ажлын багтаамж, хүн хүчний нөөц бололцоо: Beekeeping activity requires manpower for hives making and for hanging hives on trees. Here, beekeepers tend to assist among themselves. Women who undertake on-tree beekeeping activities depend on men during the time of taking up/down of bee hives.

Тухайн Арга барилын хүрээнд нэвтрүүлсэн Технологийг хэрэгжүүлэхэд хүндрэл учруулах нөхцлүүд

Санхүүгийн нөөц, үйлчилгээний хүртээмж / боломж: Beekeepers do not have reliable access to financial resources (capital) which could enable them to acquire modern beekeeping tools and production facilities. They cannot access loans from financial institutions for undertaking beekeeping activities as beekeeping relies on weather/climatic conditions for productions, whereas beekeepers cannot be assured of their productions in terms of quantities.
Зах зээл (материал худалдан авах, бүтээгдэхүүн борлуулах), үнэ: Beekeepers do not have a readily available market of their products. Because of this, they are forced to sell their products through middlemen (traders). This results in lower returns to producers. Also, because of financial constraints, farmers do not have access to modern beekeeping tools and facilities for increased production and product quality assurance.
Бусад: Climatic changes can have impacts on beekeeping activities, hence affecting production. For instance, during heavy rains flowers tend to fall down from trees thus affecting bee feed availability resulting in lowered honey production. Also, when the rain is too small, the flower production on trees is minimum resulting in low feed availability for bees.

Талуудын оролцоо ба үүрэг

Арга барилд оролцогч талууд болон тэдгээрийн үүрэг

Ямар оролцогч талууд / хэрэгжүүлэгч байгууллагууд арга барилд оролцож байсан бэ?	Оролцогч талуудыг тодорхойлно уу	Оролцогч талуудын үүргийг тайлбарлана уу
Орон нутгийн газар ашиглагч / орон нутгийн иргэд	Beekeepers from a beekeeping group Known as MIYOMBO GROUP were involved in application of this approach.	The role of the involved user group in this approach includes undertaking beekeeping activities for conservation of trees and natural resources. They are experienced with the practice and therefore they can undertake beekeeping.
Засгийн газар (шийдвэр гаргагч, төлөвлөгч)	The National Government under its agency known as Tanzania Forest Services Agency	Providing technical support by providing skills and modern tools for beekeeping activities.

Арга барилын янз бүрийн үе шатанд орон нутгийн газар ашиглагчид / бүлгүүдийг татан оролцуулах

үгүй

идэвхигүй

Гадаад дэмжлэг

интерактив

өөрийн хүчийг нэгтгэсэн

санаачлага/идэвхжүүлэлт

Beekeepers at individual levels are mobilized to form formal beekeeping groups through which participatory analysis of the beekeeping activities is done by collaborating with the beekeeping officers and local administrative units. Thereafter, they develop plans which provide guidance and assistance to beekeepers especially to the new actors in the sector.

Төлөвлөгөө

Beekeeping activities are planned by the beekeeper who is provided with technical support from beekeeping officers specifically on techniques and skills that can be employed for increased production of bee products.

Хэрэгжилт

Beekeeping involves the use of modern skills and techniques which are provided to beekeepers through government institutions and agencies. For instance, Tanzania Forest Services Agency under the Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism, are mandated by the Government on supervision of all forest and bee resources towards ensuring sustainable production. The agency collaborates with beekeeping groups during implementation of beekeeping activities.

Мониторинг/ үнэлгээ

Government agencies facilitate monitoring/evaluation of beekeeping activities, production and marketing of products. The government possess a database of beekeepers in all the districts, which enables tracing of the specific source of bee products from producers and their locations.

Арга барил хэрэгжүүлэх бүдүүвч

ГТМ-ийн технологи сонгох шийдвэр гаргах явц

Шийдвэр гаргасан этгээд

Газар ашиглагч дангаараа (өөрийн санаачлага)
ГТМ-ийн мэргэжилтнүүдийн дэмжлэгтэйгээр, голчлон газар ашиглагчид
оролцооны зарчмын хэсэг болох бүх холбогдох талууд
голдуу ГТМ-ийн мэргэжилтнүүд, газар ашиглагчидтай зөвлөлдсөний үндсэн дээр
ГТМ-ийн мэргэжилтэн дангаараа
улс төрчид / удирдагчид

Шийдвэр гаргах үндэслэл нь

ГТМ-ийн мэдлэгийг баримтжуулалтын үнэлгээ (нотолгоонд суурилсан шийдвэр гаргах)
Судалгааны үр дүн, ололтууд
Хувь хүний туршлага ба санал бодол (баримтжуулаагүй)

Техникийн туслалцаа, чадавхи бий болгох болон мэдлэгийн менежмент

Дараах үйл ажиллагаа эсвэл үйлчилгээ нь арга барилын нэг хэсэг болсон

Чадавхи бэхжүүлэх/сургалт
Зөвлөх үйлчилгээ
Институцийг бэхжүүлэх (байгууллагын хөгжил)
Мониторинг ба үнэлгээ
Судалгаа

Чадавхи бэхжүүлэх / сургалт

Дараах сонирхогч талуудад сургалт хийсэн

Газар ашиглагчид
хээрийн ажилтан / зөвлөх

Сургалтын хэлбэр

Ажил дээр
фермерээс -фермер
үзүүлэнгийн талбай
Олон нийтийн уулзалт
курс дамжаа

Хамарсан сэдэв

1. MODERN BEEKEEPING PRACTICES AND TOOLS FOR SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION OF BEE PRODUCTS.
2. VALUE ADDITION OF THE PRODUCED BEE PRODUCTS FOR IMPROVED LIVELIHOOD AND INCOME GENERATION.

Зөвлөх үйлчилгээ

Зөвлөх үйлчилгээ үзүүлсэн

Газар ашиглагчийн талбай дээр
Тогтмол төвд

Trainings are provided to beekeepers at their local communities, within their groups (producer organizations), which consist of members who have the common interest on beekeeping activities.

Институцийг бэхжүүлэх

Институци бэхжисэн / бий болсон

Үгүй
Тийм, бага
Тийм, дунд зэрэг
Тийм, маш их

дараах түвшинд

Орон нутгийн
Бүс нутгийн
Үндэсний

Байгууллага, үүрэг, хариуцлага, гишүүд зэргийг тодорхойлно уу.

Tanzania Forest Services Agency, a government agency mandated by the government to supervise sustainable productions of forest and bee products. In this approach, the agency has been strengthened by collaborating with beekeepers who ensure sustainable protection of forest resources as well as production of bee products. Also, the local government around the area where beekeeping approach is undertaken has been strengthened through livelihood improvement of the community.

Дэмжлэгийн төрөл

Санхүүгийн
чадавхи бэхжүүлэх / сургалт
Тоног төхөөрөмж

Дэлгэрэнгүй мэдээлэл

The Tanzania Forest Fund provides technical and financial support to beekeeping groups which have written up projects upon their call on project write ups, specifically on beekeeping and forest conservation. Modern beekeeping skills and techniques are offered to beekeepers by government agencies/institutions that are related to beekeeping and marketing.

Мониторинг ба үнэлгээ

Beekeeping activities can be monitored and evaluated through the data base containing a register of beekeepers and their productions.

Санхүүжилт болон хөндлөнгийн материаллаг дэмжлэг

ГТМ-ийн бүрэлдэхүүн хэсгийн жилийн төсөв ам.доллараар

< 2,000
2,000-10,000
10,000-100,000
100,000-1,000,000
> 1,000,000

Precise annual budget: тодорхойгүй

- Own source/savings of beekeepers - Financial institutions - Government grants

Газар ашиглагч нарт дараах урамшуулал, үйлчилгээг үзүүлсэн

Газар ашиглагчдад санхүүгийн / материаллаг дэмжлэг үзүүлсэн
Тодорхой хөрөнгө оруулалтанд нөхөн олговор олгох
Кредит
Бусад урамшуулал, хэрэгсэл

Газар ашиглагчдад санхүүгийн болон материаллаг дэмжлэг үзүүлэх

Technical support from one financial institution within the community, (National Microfinance Bank); which supported 2 beekeeping groups with 50 modern beehives for each group and protective cloths for increased production of bee products.

хэсэгчлэн санхүүждэг

Бүрэн санхүүждэг

Тоног төхөөрөмж: машин төхөөрөмж

The Government provides subsidies to beekeepers by providing them with modern machines which can be used to ease operations and processing of bee products. The only condition to receive the subsidy is that beekeepers should be within a formal group, and they receive the subsidy in terms of materials and not finance.There is no any returns required from beekeepers to the government on this subsidy provided by the Government.

Тоног төхөөрөмж: машин төхөөрөмж: Багажууд

Modern tools are provided to beekeepers by the Government for easy undertaking of their beekeeping activities. These includes tools like smokers, beehives, protective clothing as well as packaging materials. There is no any returns that is required from the beekeepers to the Government after being given the tools.

Газар ашиглагчаас гаргасан хөдөлмөр хүчний зардал

сайн дурын
хоол хүнсээр ажилладаг
бэлэн мөнгөөр төлдөг
бусад материаллаг дэмжлэгээр шагнагдсан

Бусад урамшуулал, хэрэгсэл

Existence of a project that works on this community, dealing with the beekeeping value chain activities, from production to harvesting of bee products promotes and ensures sustainable productions of bee products with quality adherence.

Нөлөөллийн дүн шинжилгээ ба дүгнэлт

Арга барилын үр нөлөө

Үгүй

Тийм, бага зэрэг

Тийм, зарим

Тийм, их

Арга барил нь орон нутгийн газар ашиглагчдыг чадваржуулах, оролцогч талуудын оролцоог сайжруулсан уу?

The approach has united users (beekeepers) with Government agencies, institutions and NGO's who empower them through technical and financial support.

Арга барил нь нотолгоонд суурилсан шийдвэр гаргах боломж олгосон уу?

Beekeeping ensures protection of natural forest/tree resources. This facilitates decision making of the Government towards promoting and enhancing beekeeping activities.

Арга барил нь ГТМ-ийн технологийг хэрэгжүүлж, хадгалахад газар ашиглагчдад тусласан уу?

Beekeeping, one of the environmental conservation practices ensures SLM & SFM practices, because trees i.e flora species are conserved as they provide bee feed and bee habitats.

Арга барил нь ГТМ-ийн зардал хэмнэсэн хэрэгжилт, зохицуулалтыг сайжруулсан уу?

Beekeeping, is an environmentally friend activity with low running cost.

Арга барил нь ГТМ-ийн хэрэгжилтийн санхүүгийн эх үүсвэрийн хүртээмжийг сайжруулах / эргэлтэнд оруулахад чиглэсэн үү?

Through beekeeping groups, support can easily be attained from the Government (Tanzania Forest Fund) and institutions such as banks and other NGO's.

Арга барил нь ГТМ хэрэгжүүлэхэд газар ашиглагчдын мэдлэг, чадварыг сайжруулахад хүргэсэн үү?

Improved knowledge of beekeepers leads to more products and enables SFM (sustainable forest management) practices.

Арга барил нь оролцогч талуудын хооронд институци, хамтын ажиллагааг бий болгож, бэхжүүлсэн үү?

Through beekeeping, agencies and institutions that are involved in production and marketing of bee products collaborate. For instance, honey produced is used as food, this will bring on board the agency dealing with food health security.

Арга барил нь эмзэг бүлгийнхнийг нийгэм, эдийн засгийн хувьд чадавхижуулсан уу?

Tanzania Forest Fund provide grants to beekeeping groups, when members unite and create a group, write up their project they can be facilitated as well with regard to beekeeping and conservation activities.

Арга барил нь жендэрийн тэгш байдлыг сайжруулж, эмэгтэйчүүд, охидыг чадавхжуулсан уу?

Women also participate in beekeeping activities and honey production but not to a large scale as compared to men. This is because, this activity is preferred to be undertaken in forest reserves which are far from homes/villages and therefore making it unease for women participation.

Арга барил нь газар ашиглагч залуучууд / дараагийн үеийн хүмүүсийг ГТМ-д оролцохыг хөхүүлэн дэмжсэн үү?

Youth are fully engaged in beekeeping activities by assisting throughout the whole process thus learning beekeeping as well.

Арга барил нь чанаржуулсан шим тэжээл/ хүнсний аюулгүй байдалд хүргэсэн үү?

Bee products that are produced are sold and therefore providing income to the family which ensures food accessibility.

Арга барил нь ус, ариун цэврийн байгууламжийн хүртээмжийг сайжруулахад хүргэсэн үү?

Арга барил нь хөдөлмөр эрхлэлт, орлогын боломжид хүргэсэн үү?

Beekeeping provides employment opportunities to the beekeeper and other individuals.

Газар ашиглагчид ГТМ хэрэгжүүлэх болсон үндсэн шалтгаан

үйлдвэрлэл нэмэгдсэн
Ашиг нэмэгдсэн (боломж), зардал-үр ашгийн харьцаа сайжирсан
Газрын доройтол буурсан
Гамшигийн эрсдэл буурсан
Ажлын ачаалал бууруулсан
төлбөр / татаас
дүрэм журам (торгууль) / сахиулах
нэр хүнд, нийгмийн дарамт / нийгмийн холбоо
Сүлжээ/ бүлэг төсөл/ хөдөлгөөнд гишүүнээр элсүүлэх
Байгаль орчны ухамсар
зан заншил, ёс суртахуун
ГТМ-ийн мэдлэг, туршлага дээшилсэн
гоо зүйн сайжруулалт
зөрчилдөөнийг бууруулах

Арга барилын хүрээнд хэрэгжүүлсэн үйл ажиллагааны тогтвортой байдал

Газар ашиглагчид арга барилаар дамжуулан хэрэгжүүлсэн арга хэмжээг тогтвортой үргэлжлүүлж чадах уу (гадны дэмжлэггүйгээр)?

Үгүй
Тийм
Тодорхойгүй

Beekeepers use locally available materials for undertaking their beekeeping activities from hives construction to honey processing.

Дүгнэлт, сургамж

Давуу тал: газар ашиглагчийн бодлоор

Provides sources of income to the family through the produced bee products.
Access to bee products which are used as food, medicines and sale as industrial ingredients of various products.
Pollination of crops when practicing on-farm beekeeping.

Давуу тал: эмхэтгэгч эсвэл бусад мэдээлэл өгсөн хүмүүсийн бодлоор

Effective means of conservation of trees and natural resources.
Ensures livelihoods improvements through diversified sources of household income.
A way of maintaining the traditional/cultural practices that have been practiced from previous generations.

Сул тал/ дутагдал / эрсдэл: газар ашиглагчийн бодлоордаван туулах боломжууд

Climatic changes which affects beekeeping production. Beekeepers should be capacitated with skills on how to adapt to climate changes for assured production.
Encroachments by illegal human activities in potential areas for beekeeping affecting productions. Protections of forest and bee reserves should be strengthened so as to ensure bee feed availability.

Сул тал/ дутагдал / эрсдэл: эмхэтгэгч эсвэл бусад мэдээлэл өгсөн хүмүүсийн бодлоордаван туулах боломжууд

Women participation in beekeeping productions within the value chain is still very low as compared to men. Promote on-farm beekeeping to women so that they can also participate in the production of bee products. Women should be influenced to participate on beekeeping activities.
Lack of enough capital by beekeepers for upscaling beekeeping practices in a modern way. Linking beekeepers to markets that will assure them good income and profit generation so to expand their activities and apply modern tools such as hives for increased productions.

BEEKEEPING FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURAL TREES AND FOREST RESERVES (Бүгд Найрамдах Нэгдсэн Танзани Улс)