Participatory Sustainable Rural Livelihood Approach (Índia)

Descrição

Participatory Sustainable Rural Livelihood Approach adopts participatory tools for livelihood situational analysis of the five capitals(Physical, Financila,Social, Human and Natural) and prepare livelihood focussed micro plan with the commuity for sustai

Aims / objectives: Participatory Sustainable Rural Livelihood Approach uses the DFID's Sustainable Rural Livelihood Framework. The approach adopts participatory processes during planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation.The out put of the planning process is a livelihood focussed micro plan. The process of micro plan preparation with the community consists of rapport building, livelihood situational analysis, problem identification and prioritisation, negotiation and development of action plan. The livelihood situational analysis focuses on identifying the strength of the community by diagonising the five capitals(Physical, Natural, Financial, Social, Human) and suggest options for livelihood improvement. Objective: 1.Livelihood improvement of the poor and vulnerable.2. Creating an enabling environment 3. Capacity building of the primary and secondary stake holders.Out puts:1.Enhanced and sustainable livelihood options for resource poor and disadvantaged identified and supported in project areas. 2.Resource poor and disadvantaged organised in project areas to effectively identify, plan and implement livelihood activities and participate in wider for a and processes.3.GO,PRI, NGO,PIA work effectively with communities on (pro poor) livelihoods and initiatives in four project districts. 4.Strategic constraints to livelihood of resource poor and disadvantaged are identified and reviewed and improvements proposed to Government.5.Appropriate approaches and interventions developed through the project are replicated in the four project districts and disseminated within Orissa and national level for a.

Methods: Participatory, Collaborative and Convergence. Stages of implementation: Rapport building,Community mobilistion, Preparation of micro plan, Formation of village level institutions, implementation, monitoring and evaluation.

Role of stakeholders: Community members are actors and all others are facilitators.

Localização

Localização: Orissa, Índia

Geo-referência de locais selecionados
  • 82.615, 20.084

Data de início: 2002

Ano de término: 2010

Tipo de abordagem

Objetivos de aproximação e ambiente propício

Principais metas / objetivos da abordagem
The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (Promotion of tuber crops for food security, Participatory technology development, Livestock management, Grassroot institutions building,Microenterprise development through Self Help Groups, Policy advocacy,Adopt participatory processes)

1.Livelihood of the poorest improved in four districts in a sustainable and replicable way.2.WORLP will provide ENABLING ENVIRONMENT to initiate this experiment.3.Bring about a clear understanding of-what is watershed- (emphasizing equity, social justice and local government / PRI).4.develop a synergistic strategy.5.Orient agencies to work towards the synergistic strategy- capacity building.5.Create and strengthen appropriate institutions at different levels for implementing and monitoring common strategy. 6.Pursue necessary policy change in regards to fund management and inter-department, inter-agency coordination.7.At the grassroots level i.e., watershed level demonstrate convergence of activities.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: Capacity building(Knowledge, skill and attitude) of the primary and secondary stake holders.Limited livelihood options.Sectoral approach by line departments.
Condições que permitem a implementação da Tecnologia(s) aplicada(s) sob a Abordagem
Condições que dificultam a implementação da Tecnologia(s) aplicada(s) sob a Abordagem
  • Normas e valores sociais/culturais/religiosos: Skewed distribution of weath, Community management of natural resources Treatment through the SLM Approach: Identify well being groups,Promote communty farming, Capacity building on CPR management
  • Disponibilidade/acesso a recursos e serviços financeiros: Poor affordibility of farmers and ownership Treatment through the SLM Approach: Financial aid to farmers through WC, SHG and UG. Voluntary contribution to create a sense of ownership
  • Quadro institucional: Poor grass root institutions Treatment through the SLM Approach: Strengthening of existing institutions and promotion of WC, SHG, UG and CIG
  • Quadro jurídico (posse de terra, direitos de uso da terra e da água): The existing land ownership, land use rights / water rights hindered a little the approach implementation Due to small land holding
  • Conhecimento sobre GST, acesso a suporte técnico: poor knowledge on land and water management practices Treatment through the SLM Approach: In-field training and demonstration, exposure, development of NRM volunteers

Participação e papel das partes interessadas envolvidas

Partes interessadas envolvidas na abordagem e seus papéis
Que partes interessadas/órgãos de implementação estavam envolvidos na abordagem? Especifique as partes interessadas Descreva o papel das partes interessadas
Usuários de terra/comunidades locais Village level institutions like WC,SHG,UG,CIG etc. Working land users were mainly men (mainly main supported by women). Men participate more in WC and UG meetings where as women participate in SHG meetings. The no of women in UG is also less. Decision making is mainly done by men on SWC technology. The resource poor land user is also a member of the UserGroup. So, he/She participate in the meetings and share his/her views.
Organização não governamental
Governo nacional (planejadores, responsáveis pelas decisões) MoRD,GoI; OWDM,MoA,GoO
Organização internacional DFID,UK
Envolvimento do usuários de terra/comunidades locais nas diferentes fases da abordagem
Nenhum
Passivo
Apoio externo
Participativo
Automobilização
Iniciação/motivação
Exposure visit and demonstration; Approach is initiated with rapport building stage through small interactive meeting, conducting mapping exercises and focussed group discussion to understand the village situation.Exposure and demonstration help the land users to identify gaps in the existing and im
Planejamento
Mainly: rapid/participatory rural appraisal; partly: public meetings; 1.For livelihood situational analysis. 2. Focussed Group discussion for indepth analyis of constraints and oppertunities of a particular group.3. Palli Sabha to negotiate and obtain a consensus on the plan.
Implementação
Mainly: responsibility for major steps; partly: responsibility for minor steps; Implementation of the programme is the prime responsibility of the user group.NRM volunteers are assisting the UG on technical guidance like laying contours, bunds and trenches.Involved landless during the implementation
Monitoramento/avaliação
Mainly: measurements/observations; partly: reporting; Watershed Development Team member and WC check measure the work before payment. The report submitted by the WC is reviewed by the Project implementing agency(PIA). The estimated cost is approved by the committee and then the expenditure is made.
Research
Fluxograma

Tomada de decisão sobre a seleção da Tecnologia GST

As decisões foram tomadas por

  • Somente usuários da terra (iniciativa própria)
  • Principalmente usuários da terra, apoiados por especialistas em GST
  • todos os atores relevantes, como parte de uma abordagem participativa
  • Principalmente especialistas em GST, após consulta com usuários da terra
  • Somente especialistas em GST
  • Políticos/líderes

As decisões foram tomadas com base em

  • Avaliação de conhecimento bem documentado de GST (tomada de decisão baseada em evidências)
  • Resultados de pesquisa
  • Experiência pessoal e opiniões (não documentado)

Suporte técnico, reforço das capacidades e gestão do conhecimento

As seguintes atividades ou serviços têm sido parte da abordagem
Reforço das capacidades/formação
Foi fornecido treinamento às seguintes partes interessadas
  • Usuários de terra
  • Equipe de campo/consultores
  • extensionists/trainers (2), SWC specialists (3)
Tipo de formação
  • Em exercício
  • Agricultor para agricultor
  • Áreas de demonstração
  • Reuniões públicas
  • Cursos
Assuntos abordados

Understanding of present land use and future treatment measures, determination of slope, use of tools like A frame, hand level, layout of contours, trench and bund, role of UG etc.

Serviço de consultoria
Foi prestado um serviço de consultoria
  • nas áreas dos usuários da terra
  • Em centros permanentes
Name of method used for advisory service: Participatory technology development, field demonstration, exposure visits and in field training; Key elements: Use of participatory tools, NRM volunteers, Insitu training, demonstration and exposure visits; 1) Mainly: NRM volunteers, Partly: projects own extension structure and agent 2) Mainly: NRM volunteers, Partly: projects own extension structure and agent; Extension staff: specifically hired project employees 3) Target groups for extension: land users; Activities: Meeting, exposure,training and demonstration

Advisory service is inadequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; Five NRM volunteers have been created in each watershed to assist in SWC work.Three WDT and three LST have been in position for extension and awareness creation among the land users for ten watersheds.
Fortalecimento institucional
As instituições foram fortalecidas / estabelecidas
  • Não
  • Sim, pouco
  • Sim, moderadamente
  • Sim, significativamente
no seguinte nível
  • Local
  • Regional
  • Nacional
Descreva instituição, papéis e responsabilidades, membros, etc.
Tipo de apoio
  • Financeiro
  • Reforço das capacidades/ formação
  • Equipamento
Mais detalhes
Monitoramento e avaliação
bio-physical aspects were ad hoc monitored through observations technical aspects were regular monitored through observations socio-cultural aspects were ad hoc monitored through observations economic / production aspects were regular monitored through measurements area treated aspects were regular monitored through observations no. of land users involved aspects were regular monitored through measurements management of Approach aspects were regular monitored through observations There were several changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: Focussing the poorest through well being grouping for livelihood improvement, Grant component for the poorest earmarked in the livelihood guideline from watershed plus funds,Block approach for treatment considering poor people, poor land, contributiona nd ridge to valley, developed livelihood focussed micr plan process for the project.Transperency through social audit.
Pesquisa
As pesquisas trataram dos seguintes tópicos
  • Sociologia
  • Economia/Marketing
  • Ecologia
  • Tecnologia

Participatory technology development in farmers field.MART, New Delhi has taken up a six months study on developing marketing strategy.

Research was carried out on-farm

Financiamento e apoio material externo

Orçamento anual em USD para o componente GST
  • < 2.000
  • 2.000-10.000
  • 10.000-100.000
  • 100.000-1.000.000
  • > 1.000.000
Precise annual budget: n.a.
Approach costs were met by the following donors: international (DFID,UK): 85.0%; local community / land user(s) (UG): 15.0%
Os seguintes serviços ou incentivos foram fornecidos aos usuários de terras
  • Apoio financeiro/material concedido aos usuários da terra
  • Subsídios para insumos específicos
  • Crédito
  • Outros incentivos ou instrumentos

Análise de impactos e declarações finais

Impactos da abordagem
Não
Sim, pouco
Sim, moderadamente
Sim, significativamente
A abordagem auxiliou os usuários da terra a implementar e manter as tecnologias de GST?

treating the land from ridge to valley,reduced soil loss and sand casting in the down stream, increased moisture availabilty, water harvesting of the excess runoff,

A abordagem melhorou as questões de posse de terra/diretos do usuário que inibiam a implementação das tecnologias de GST?

Working in group in a participatory manner has facilitated a process of identifying their own constraints and oppertunities and plan interventions accordingly, thus implamentation is more effective.

Did other land users / projects adopt the Approach?

Adoption of the SRL approach and compact area treatment in non-WORLP watersheds in WORLP project districts.

Principal motivação dos usuários da terra para implementar a GST
  • n.a.
Atividades de sustentabilidade de abordagem
Os usuários da terra podem sustentar o que foi implementado através da Abordagem (sem apoio externo)?
  • Não
  • Sim
  • Incerto

Conclusões e experiências adquiridas

Pontos fortes: visão do usuário de terra
  • We are working together (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Ugs and SHGs be promoted in amore democratic way)
  • It is our work (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Feeling of ownership needs to be strengthed)
  • We have been able to practise the SWC activity in a better way (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Exposure to learn more about SWC activities.)
Pontos fortes: a visão do/a compilador/a ou de outra pessoa capacitada
  • Community take their own decision (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: making the institutions more democratic)
  • Revolving fund (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Increased frequency of internal lending and repayment)
  • Village level institutions (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: provide autonomy)
  • Village volunteers/link workers (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: capacity building)
Pontos fracos/desvantagens/riscos: visão do usuário de terracomo superar
Pontos fracos/desvantagens/riscos: a visão do/a compilador/a ou de outra pessoa capacitadacomo superar
  • Poverty categorisation based on criteria developed by the community Criteria has already been developed nad circulated
  • Difficult to address all the issues of livelihood within the project time frame Strategy needs to be developed for better convergence with line department to expedite the process

Referências

Compilador/a
  • Niranjan Sahu
Editores
Revisor
  • Fabian Ottiger
Data da documentação: 20 de Janeiro de 2009
Última atualização: 17 de Julho de 2017
Pessoas capacitadas
Descrição completa no banco de dados do WOCAT
Dados GST vinculados
A documentação foi facilitada por
Instituição Projeto
Referências-chave
  • Success stories compilation, News letter, Project memorandum, Livehood microplan of watershed: Project Director(Watershed), Nuapada Project Director(Watershed)
This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareaAlike 4.0 International