Over grazing on pasture and Juniper forest site in Hisor (Yoshitaka Kakubari (Univ. of Shizuoka, Japan))

Sustainable managements on pasture and forest lands based on natural regeneration by electrified fences (Tajiquistão)

Descrição

Sustainable managements on pasture and forest lands based on natural regeneration by electrified fences

Aims / objectives: The aim is to avoid any animals grazing in the targeted areas by establishing electrified fences around the areas, conserving natural conditions of pasture and forestry lands, strengthening the communities’ incomes growth, and planting trees resilient to climate change, thereby contributing to maintaining soil of the areas healthy.

Methods: The project facilitated the following activities: Setting electrified fences that are generated by solar power, strengthening the regeneration of natural forest tree, planting fruiting trees for their sustainable incomes, planting trees such as juniper, pine, poplar, willow, among others. Planting Rosa canina in side of fence and R.C. grown up 2 meter height a few years later and functions as a natural fence. Electrified fence is moved to other site. Also, the project was heavily involved with farmer participation for the planning, fundraising, and implementation with farmers’ initiative.

Stages of implementation: 1. Awareness raising, 2. On the job training, 3. management activity planning, 4. Implementation, 5. Monitoring, 6. Readjustment based on results, 7. Further replication in new area.

Role of stakeholders: The Project had a leading role in initiation, orientation, awareness raising, mobilization, training, consultancy, input provision and mediation of communication. The local farmers have been actively participating, have provided labor input / financial contribution, provided indigenous knowledge and skills. Local authorities - providing land titles, participation in planning and decision making process. There are 5 households involved with in this project. The two Tajik communities (Duoba in Hisor and Kumarg in Ayni), each of which is consisting of 35 members. The members of all households took part in discussion rounds and training. Women: farmers came to the discussions together with their wives in certain level; the women took part in training, in implementing almost all of the adoption measures, and equally benefited from the project. However, they were not involved in decision making.

Localização

Localização: Hisor/ Ayni, Tajikistan, Tajiquistão

Geo-referência de locais selecionados
  • 69.3, 39.0

Data de início: 2009

Ano de término: 2012

Tipo de abordagem
Over grazing on pasture and Juniper forest site in Hisor, (Yoshitaka Kakubari (Univ. of Shizuoka,Japan))
Elec. fence guards fruits/ forest trees, and conserve natural regeneration of trees. We plant rosa canina inside of fence. It grown up 2 m height and function as a natural fence. Move to other places (Yoshitaka Kakubari (Univ. of Shizuoka,Japan))

Objetivos de aproximação e ambiente propício

Principais metas / objetivos da abordagem
The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (natural regeneration, pasture management, protecting fruits trees, strengthening community incomes, resilient to climate change )

The aim is to avoid any animals grazing in the targeted areas by establishing electrified fences around the areas, conserving natural conditions of pasture and forestry lands, strengthening the communities’ incomes growth, and planting trees resilient to climate change, thereby contributing to maintaining soil of the areas healthy.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: Lack of land tenure rights implementation. Nominal state farm reorganization. Low agricultural production - lands depleted of nutrients, very low yields, no crop rotation, all of which have led heavy concentration on overgrazing by domestic cattle. Soil degradation particularly by heavy precipitation and gully formation. Lack of technical knowledge and awareness of soil & water conservation measures. Lack of cash to invest in development of land - just limited capacity to invest but need external financial input. Poverty - underlying cause of general lack of potential to invest in development.
Condições que permitem a implementação da Tecnologia(s) aplicada(s) sob a Abordagem
  • Quadro jurídico (posse de terra, direitos de uso da terra e da água): The existing land ownership, land use rights / water rights helped a little the approach implementation: I think it is very serious relationship between Land user ship and local citizens. and forest code is not coming enter on current datum. I think it is very important to be managed by new forest code.
Condições que dificultam a implementação da Tecnologia(s) aplicada(s) sob a Abordagem
  • Disponibilidade/acesso a recursos e serviços financeiros: Lack of land tenure rights implementation. Nominal state farm reorganization. Low agricultural production - lands depleted of nutrients, very low yields, no crop rotation, all of which have led heavy concentration on overgrazing by domestic cattle. Soil d Treatment through the SLM Approach: 1) The project was mainly supported by Japan Society for Promotion of Science and Japan International Cooperation Agency with some portion of Tajik government’s sources. However, the inputs (poles and wires) are almost fully available on the local market
  • Quadro institucional: 1) The project was mainly supported by Japan Society for Promotion of Science and Japan International Cooperation Agency with some portion of Tajik government’s sources. However, the inputs (poles and wires) are almost fully available on the local market Treatment through the SLM Approach: Knowledge and technologies are shared with S.F.A. in Dushanbe when necessary. By coordinating with S.F.A., the project obtained the right to use the land for planting. As well, local offices of State Forest Agency and local authorities and communities are
  • Quadro jurídico (posse de terra, direitos de uso da terra e da água): Implementing the land tenure law and the privatization of state farms is still a difficult process with many inconsistencies for people claiming a land title in the area. Treatment through the SLM Approach: AS shown above, by coordinating with State Forest Agency, the project was able to obtain land usage agreement on specific land plots.

Participação e papel das partes interessadas envolvidas

Partes interessadas envolvidas na abordagem e seus papéis
Que partes interessadas/órgãos de implementação estavam envolvidos na abordagem? Especifique as partes interessadas Descreva o papel das partes interessadas
Usuários de terra/comunidades locais Men and women have both played an equal part in the orientation and planning sessions; men have played bigger role in the organization of activities, in the implementation of more manual work, whereas, women took part in the lighter work and in routine maintenance
Especialistas em GST/ consultor agrícola
Professores/alunos/estudantes
Organização não governamental
Setor privado
Governo local
Governo nacional (planejadores, responsáveis pelas decisões)
Organização internacional
Envolvimento do usuários de terra/comunidades locais nas diferentes fases da abordagem
Nenhum
Passivo
Apoio externo
Participativo
Automobilização
Iniciação/motivação
x
farmers meeting with the team for orientation explaining goals, objectives. The communities who had strong understanding and willingness have only been selected.
Planejamento
x
on site planning with farmers
Implementação
x
training on the job, material inputs, and labor provision, cross visits
Monitoramento/avaliação
x
Visits from the team at least once a month since the beginning, communications on ongoing activities, finding solutions.
Research
x
The team shares with the farmers the findings.
Fluxograma

Organization of the sustainable Land management for pasture and forest lands is described in organization chart. It will be divided with three parts; career training, Basic research and afforestation.

Autor: yoshitaka Kakubari (Univ. of Shizuoka, Japan)
Tomada de decisão sobre a seleção da Tecnologia GST

As decisões foram tomadas por

  • Somente usuários da terra (iniciativa própria)
  • Principalmente usuários da terra, apoiados por especialistas em GST
  • todos os atores relevantes, como parte de uma abordagem participativa
  • Principalmente especialistas em GST, após consulta com usuários da terra
  • Somente especialistas em GST
  • Políticos/líderes

As decisões foram tomadas com base em

  • Avaliação de conhecimento bem documentado de GST (tomada de decisão baseada em evidências)
  • Resultados de pesquisa
  • Experiência pessoal e opiniões (não documentado)

Suporte técnico, reforço das capacidades e gestão do conhecimento

As seguintes atividades ou serviços têm sido parte da abordagem
Reforço das capacidades/formação
Foi fornecido treinamento às seguintes partes interessadas
  • Usuários de terra
  • Equipe de campo/consultores
Tipo de formação
  • Em exercício
  • Agricultor para agricultor
  • Áreas de demonstração
  • Reuniões públicas
  • Cursos
Assuntos abordados

Training focused on how to plant trees and how to manage them, how to set up the fences, how to use the fences,

Serviço de consultoria
Foi prestado um serviço de consultoria
  • nas áreas dos usuários da terra
  • Em centros permanentes
Name of method used for advisory service: Prof.Dr.Yoshitaka Kakubari;
Key elements: consultation on fencing concepts and choice for preventing from overgrazing, capacity building in strategy design, draft development plan for fence managements; 4. Land use management design considering soil depth, inclination and exposure. 5. Consultation on irrigation design, piping and making water channels 6. Consulting dry farming for good trapping of surface runoff and terrace planting method. 7. Treatment of tree saplings and transportation to the field. 8. Treatment of tree sapling on nursery, light and water regulation. 9. Grand treatment and cleaning, transportation of fertilization 10. Consultation on Planting, and judgment of leaf

Advisory service is totally inadequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; The extension system is inadequate to ensure continuation of activities. The government branches need more development and organization to become able to manage land conservation activities; an independent advisory service is not in place, the only potential still exists within the DWHH Project
Fortalecimento institucional
As instituições foram fortalecidas / estabelecidas
  • Não
  • Sim, pouco
  • Sim, moderadamente
  • Sim, significativamente
no seguinte nível
  • Local
  • Regional
  • Nacional
Descreva instituição, papéis e responsabilidades, membros, etc.
Tipo de apoio
  • Financeiro
  • Reforço das capacidades/ formação
  • Equipamento
  • advising to make a land use managements
Mais detalhes
Monitoramento e avaliação
bio-physical aspects were regular monitored by other through observations; indicators: Frequent visits and observations by the project team - tree planting, growing situation, regeneratio bio-physical aspects were regular monitored by None through measurements; indicators: Ad hoc observations by the project team - labor availability, etc. technical aspects were ad hoc monitored by None through observations; indicators: Regular measurements by the project team- fodder produced cent/ha, vegetables socio-cultural aspects were regular monitored by None through observations; indicators: Ad hoc observations by land users and frequent visits by the project team economic / production aspects were ad hoc monitored by None through measurements; indicators: Ad hoc observations by land users and frequent visits by the project team - technology adaptation ba area treated aspects were None monitored by None through observations; indicators: None management of Approach aspects were None monitored by None through observations; indicators: None There were no changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: There were no changes in the approach. However, the trees planted by the local communities after technical advice and demonstration was not appropriately planned, therefore, after the monitoring and evaluation, they were re-planted. Also, the project team realized that it would be better to have plant relatively young trees as they adapt better in the targeted areas. There were few changes in the Technology as a result of monitoring and evaluation: I'm able to confirm them after and after they can treat tools and planting materials before they have done. It was very roughly to treat root system of planting saplings, therefore material becomes very weak and easy to die.
Pesquisa
As pesquisas trataram dos seguintes tópicos
  • Sociologia
  • Economia/Marketing
  • Ecologia
  • Tecnologia

It focuses on observation of the trees and other plants in the fenced areas, especially regeneration of originally seeded plants. Tree growth rates and damages of grazing are recorded inside and outside of fencing area. For getting evidence by electric fences, we will try a small experiment. We shall confirm that electric fence protects plants from grazing of domestic animals.

Research was carried out both on station and on-farm

Financiamento e apoio material externo

Orçamento anual em USD para o componente GST
  • < 2.000
  • 2.000-10.000
  • 10.000-100.000
  • 100.000-1.000.000
  • > 1.000.000
Precise annual budget: n.a.
Approach costs were met by the following donors: international (Japanese Society Promotion of Sciences (JSPS) and JICA): 100.0%
Os seguintes serviços ou incentivos foram fornecidos aos usuários de terras
  • Apoio financeiro/material concedido aos usuários da terra
  • Subsídios para insumos específicos
  • Crédito
  • Outros incentivos ou instrumentos
Parcialmente financiado
Totalmente financiado
Equipamento: Ferramentas

Shovel, hoe, pipe, iron wire etc

x
planting materials

x
Construção: Madeira

fences, wooden pole

x
irrigation system

x
material transportation

x

A mão-de-obra dos usuários da terra foi

Análise de impactos e declarações finais

Impactos da abordagem
Não
Sim, pouco
Sim, moderadamente
Sim, significativamente
A abordagem auxiliou os usuários da terra a implementar e manter as tecnologias de GST?

We have oft said to local villagers how to take a treatment and transportation of materials to pilot site, and how to make a water irrigation channels etc.

x
A abordagem concedeu autonomia aos grupos social e economicamente desfavorecidos?

Yes, it is still not obvious.

x
A abordagem melhorou as questões de posse de terra/diretos do usuário que inibiam a implementação das tecnologias de GST?

I have already described in above the paragraph about the reason.

x
Did other land users / projects adopt the Approach?

We make a two pilot sites, Duoba in Hisor and 2 sites Kumarg sites in Ayni districts for implementations to other citizens, and welcome to many guests from other district and sometimes taking many visitors from Governmental organizations.

x
Principal motivação dos usuários da terra para implementar a GST
Atividades de sustentabilidade de abordagem
Os usuários da terra podem sustentar o que foi implementado através da Abordagem (sem apoio externo)?

Finally it will be getting the sustainable land management condition in future without any support.

Conclusões e experiências adquiridas

Pontos fortes: visão do usuário de terra
Pontos fortes: a visão do/a compilador/a ou de outra pessoa capacitada
Pontos fracos/desvantagens/riscos: visão do usuário de terracomo superar
Pontos fracos/desvantagens/riscos: a visão do/a compilador/a ou de outra pessoa capacitadacomo superar

Referências

Compilador/a
  • Kakubari Yochitaka
Editores
Revisor
  • David Streiff
Data da documentação: 12 de Agosto de 2011
Última atualização: 7 de Julho de 2017
Pessoas capacitadas
Descrição completa no banco de dados do WOCAT
Dados GST vinculados
A documentação foi facilitada por
Instituição Projeto
Referências-chave
  • JSPS Home Page 'Reforestation and forestation in aim of reduction of generation of greenhouse gases and lessening of global warming, Yoshitaka KAKUBARI, 2009: JSPS, Japan
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