Photo shows the enclosure with homestead at top, lucerne (bright green) on upper slope, fruit trees (mid slope) and stone piles on stone-cleared land at slope bottom (Des McGarry (Land Management Institute, Giprozem 15, Dushanbe))

Enhancement of existing SLM technologies into demonstration sites (Tajiquistão)

ADB, GEF, GITEC, DMC. Rural Development Project

Descrição

Enhancement of existing self developed SLM technologies into demonstration sites.

Aims / objectives: The farmer clearly stated that his prime, initial aim in taking over this “ruined and abandoned land” was to improve and better assure the quality of his family’s lifestyle, through enhanced and assured food and fodder production. He also recognised the potential for future profit, through sale of his excess produce to market. Currently, the family has almost no need to buy food (and fodder) from nearby markets, apart from flour (for bread making). This is a large cost saving factor. In hindsight, the farmer sees that he has dramatically improved land quality within the enclosure through mitigating erosion and increasing year-round vegetation cover

Methods: The success of the enclosure is the result of using several methods. The fence construction was critical to keep out both domestic animals (cattle, goats and sheep) and wild ones, (pigs and wolves) from what was to become a vegetation rich “island” amoungst the bare and degraded hillslopes. Stone clearing (by hand) of the whole area inside the enclosure greatly improved land quality due to enhanced soil depth and subsequent vegetative growth. Tree planting (apple, cherry, apricot, pear) was critical to provide family food. Lucerne planting provided food for the farmer’s animals (1 cow, 10 goats) that provide milk and meat. A small area of land near the homestead (approx. 20 x 20 metres) was levelled into several small terraces for vegetable production (potatoes, garlic, onion, peppers, tomatoes). Irrigation is conducted within the upper part of the enclosure; water being provided by a 20mm polythene pipe that brings water from 1.5 km away where there is a permanent spring.

Stages of implementation: The family (Enomali) first occupied this land in 1984. The first task was tree planting – the first orchard trees – on 0.1 ha of the current enclosure. This was fenced, then after nine family members left (to work in Dushanbe) he expanded the fence to the current 0.2 ha and continued to plant trees. Stone removal continued through the 1990s and even to today. The lucerne and vegetable gardens were initiated in the 1990s and continue to be enriched. The fodder, trees and vegetable production is an ongoing task, as is feeding the animals with the home-grown fodder. He continues to plant orchard trees every year and currently has more than 100. He gained a “certificate” of ownership” in 2008.

Role of stakeholders: All of the work within the enclosure has been conducted by family members. The main two are the husband and wife, though in the early stone clearing and fence construction days his 1st cousin assisted. His son and daughter in law have also assisted (though the son now works in Dushanbe) – even the young grandchildren help.

Localização

Localização: Varzob, Luchob, RRP, Tajiquistão

Geo-referência de locais selecionados
  • 68.817, 38.773

Data de início: 1984

Ano de término: 2014

Tipo de abordagem
photo shows the enclosure with homestead at top, lucerne (bright green) on upper slope, fruit trees (mid slope) and stone piles on stone-cleared land at slope bottom. Very evident is the strong contra (Des McGarry (Land Management Institute, Giprozem 15, Dushanbe, ))
View from inside the enclosure, showing lucerne (fodder), orchard trees and a vegetable garden (right hand edge). (Des McGarry (Land Management Institute, Giprozem 15, Dushanbe, ))

Objetivos de aproximação e ambiente propício

Principais metas / objetivos da abordagem
The Approach focused on SLM only

The prime, initial aim in taking over this “ruined and abandoned land” was to improve and better assure the quality of his family’s lifestyle through enhanced and assured food and fodder production. He also recognised the potential for future profit, through sale of his excess produce to market. Now, he wants to expand the area within the enclosure to 1 ha with extra fencing and supplementary irrigation supply from another spring.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: The main problem to be addressed was reducing poverty, to help achieve a better and more sustainable lifestyle by producing better quality food and fodder.
Condições que permitem a implementação da Tecnologia(s) aplicada(s) sob a Abordagem
  • Quadro jurídico (posse de terra, direitos de uso da terra e da água): The existing land ownership, land use rights / water rights helped a little the approach implementation: There was no compelling need for the farmer to get a “entitlement certificate” but he did so anyway.
Condições que dificultam a implementação da Tecnologia(s) aplicada(s) sob a Abordagem
  • Normas e valores sociais/culturais/religiosos: This family were one of the first in this region to take over this area of “ruined” land and begin improvements. However, the farmer did not see this as arduous, rather he welcomed the chance to work hard and provide for his family Treatment through the SLM Approach: Family working together to improve land
  • Disponibilidade/acesso a recursos e serviços financeiros: The farmer could improve his SLM but would need financial assistance Treatment through the SLM Approach:
  • Quadro institucional: He has now gained a certificate of ownership that ensures ownership until his death. The government still owns the land and he pays $5 US a year in tax (total). Treatment through the SLM Approach: Application for land entitlement certificate
  • Quadro jurídico (posse de terra, direitos de uso da terra e da água): Not applicable. The water (irrigation) is “free” and there are no current disputes over his use of the spring water Treatment through the SLM Approach:
  • Conhecimento sobre GST, acesso a suporte técnico: The family provided their own solutions to any problems since the project began in 1984 Treatment through the SLM Approach:
  • Carga de trabalho, disponibilidade de força de trabalho: The family have worked consistently for 26 years, slowly but have created better land and vegetation conditions Treatment through the SLM Approach:

Participação e papel das partes interessadas envolvidas

Partes interessadas envolvidas na abordagem e seus papéis
Que partes interessadas/órgãos de implementação estavam envolvidos na abordagem? Especifique as partes interessadas Descreva o papel das partes interessadas
Usuários de terra/comunidades locais Only the land users (family) The men focused on the heavier labour tasks of fence building and stone removal. The women focus on the garden, and fruit production and bee keeping.
Envolvimento do usuários de terra/comunidades locais nas diferentes fases da abordagem
Nenhum
Passivo
Apoio externo
Participativo
Automobilização
Iniciação/motivação
The extended family, when available
Planejamento
Principally the husband and wife – Mr Enomali and wife
Implementação
The family
Monitoramento/avaliação
Mr Enomali and his wife are continuously evaluating the production quantities and quality from their labours
Research
Not applicable
Fluxograma

Tomada de decisão sobre a seleção da Tecnologia GST

As decisões foram tomadas por

  • Somente usuários da terra (iniciativa própria)
  • Principalmente usuários da terra, apoiados por especialistas em GST
  • todos os atores relevantes, como parte de uma abordagem participativa
  • Principalmente especialistas em GST, após consulta com usuários da terra
  • Somente especialistas em GST
  • Políticos/líderes

As decisões foram tomadas com base em

  • Avaliação de conhecimento bem documentado de GST (tomada de decisão baseada em evidências)
  • Resultados de pesquisa
  • Experiência pessoal e opiniões (não documentado)

Suporte técnico, reforço das capacidades e gestão do conhecimento

As seguintes atividades ou serviços têm sido parte da abordagem
Monitoramento e avaliação
bio-physical aspects were ad hoc monitored by land users through observations; indicators: The family, generally, take note of the effect of their practices in terms of production economic / production aspects were None monitored by None through observations; indicators: None There were no changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: None There were no changes in the Technology as a result of monitoring and evaluation: None

Financiamento e apoio material externo

Orçamento anual em USD para o componente GST
  • < 2.000
  • 2.000-10.000
  • 10.000-100.000
  • 100.000-1.000.000
  • > 1.000.000
Precise annual budget: n.a.
Approach costs were met by the following donors: local community / land user(s) (The Emomali family): 100.0%
Os seguintes serviços ou incentivos foram fornecidos aos usuários de terras
  • Apoio financeiro/material concedido aos usuários da terra
  • Subsídios para insumos específicos
  • Crédito
  • Outros incentivos ou instrumentos

Análise de impactos e declarações finais

Impactos da abordagem
Não
Sim, pouco
Sim, moderadamente
Sim, significativamente
A abordagem auxiliou os usuários da terra a implementar e manter as tecnologias de GST?

There is a dramatic visible difference in both the degree of erosion and vegetative land cover between the enclosure and the surrounding land (see picture in 1.3.3). Also, the production quantity and quality of food and fodder from this enclosure has continued to increase.

A abordagem concedeu autonomia aos grupos social e economicamente desfavorecidos?

After the fall of the Soviet Union, many in Tajikistan experienced poverty, particularly food shortages. This farmer foresaw this and commenced his enclosure enrichment work. In this way he ensured

Did other land users / projects adopt the Approach?

The farmer says that several of his neighbours have been doing similar interventions to his – fencing, stone removal, planting orchards etc. What he has done is very visible from the main road through the valley, and many people have observed the results of his efforts over the years

Principal motivação dos usuários da terra para implementar a GST
  • Produção aumentada
  • Lucro (lucrabilidade) aumentado, melhora da relação custo-benefício
  • Degradação do solo reduzida
  • Riscos de desastre reduzido
  • Carga de trabalho reduzida
  • Pagamentos/subsídios
  • normas e regulamentos (multas)/aplicação
  • Prestígio, pressão social/coesão social
  • Afiliação a movimento/projeto/grupo/rede
  • Consciência ambiental
  • Costumes e crenças, moral
  • melhoria dos conhecimentos e aptidões de GST
  • Melhoria estética
  • Atenuação de conflitos
  • well-being and livelihoods improvement
Atividades de sustentabilidade de abordagem
Os usuários da terra podem sustentar o que foi implementado através da Abordagem (sem apoio externo)?
  • Não
  • Sim
  • Incerto

The farmer never had external “support” in the first place, so his approach continues to improve, with no support.

Conclusões e experiências adquiridas

Pontos fortes: visão do usuário de terra
  • As above, as these words were transcribed during the farmer interview, on site
Pontos fortes: a visão do/a compilador/a ou de outra pessoa capacitada
  • Though not an initial objective, the farmer now recognises that he has dramatically improved land quality and vegetation cover within the enclosure, further assuring continued increased production through improved soil conditions (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: By continuing to do what he has been doing for 20+ years already. )
  • The farmer has achieved what he wanted; assured quantity and quality of food/fodder production to assure his family’s livelihood. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: He wants to increase his enclosure area by 5 times. To do this he will require fencing and pipe for irrigation.)
Pontos fracos/desvantagens/riscos: visão do usuário de terracomo superar
  • As above, as these were the sentiments of the farmer during on site interview
Pontos fracos/desvantagens/riscos: a visão do/a compilador/a ou de outra pessoa capacitadacomo superar
  • The farmer does not have sufficient financial means to purchase the additional fencing and irrigation pipe he requires to extend the current enclosure area to 1 ha size Involvement of local banks
  • The total lack of institutional support. This has not necessarily negatively impacted on the farmer – but rather has led to a reduced uptake of his (excellent) practices elsewhere, both locally and nationally. Immediate visits of local agronomic staff (governmental) to record the modalities of what has been achieved at this site, to help ensure the wider implementation for improved land quality and vegetative cover, at a more national level.

Referências

Compilador/a
  • Habib Kamolidinov
Editores
Revisor
  • David Streiff
  • Alexandra Gavilano
  • Joana Eichenberger
Data da documentação: 4 de Maio de 2011
Última atualização: 2 de Novembro de 2021
Pessoas capacitadas
Descrição completa no banco de dados do WOCAT
Dados GST vinculados
A documentação foi facilitada por
Instituição Projeto
Referências-chave
  • There is no relevant documentation:
This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareaAlike 4.0 International