Breve descrição da melhor prática

Sustainable Ground Water Management through reducing pumping of the ground water to the extent of recharge. was integral part of the cropping system. The net effect of natural groundwater recharge conditions and demand side management of groundwater was visualized through static water level in the monitoring wells. Changing cropping patterns with low water requiring crops was the most crucial issue. Need based watering at critical stages of crop growth, check basin, sprinklers and drips methods in place of flooding Soil moisture conservation practices such as leveling, mulching, weeding, intercultural etc. Artificial groundwater recharge by trapping flash floods in abandoned open wells/bore wells or behind check dams, percolation pond and recharge structures.|

Localização

Nandyal, Distt. Karnool, Andhra Pradesh |

Breve descrição do ambiente natural dentro do local especificado.

Level land with less than 1-3% slope
Heavy soils , Vertisols with more than 30- 35% clay
Semi- arid,receiving 650 to 800 mm annual rainfall|

Condições socioeconômicas prevalecentes das pessoas que vivem no local e/ou nas proximidades

Main income sources; are Agriculture and related activities, Agricultural labor, Dairying, Vegetable cultivation. |
Many owe their land  and a few have taken land on lease from big farmers.
Farmers are poor and majority of them are below poverty line.

Com base em quais critérios e/ou indicadores (não relacionados com a Estratégia) a prática proposta e a tecnologia correspondente foram considerados como "melhores"?

Sustainable ground water management is mitigation strategy for combating DLDD. Ground water is the sole source of drinking water for survival. The practice will improve livelihood of the poor farmers. It will help improving land cover and carbon sequestration.

Principais problemas abordados pelas melhores práticas

1. Sustainable ground water management
2. Sustainable productivity of food and  fodder crops
3. Combating DLDD
4. Sustainable livelihood of the people

Esboçar problemas específicos de degradação do solo abordados pelas melhores práticas

Addresses rapid depletion of ground water important for combating drought and desertification, which are main causes of land degradation in dry lands. |

Especificar os objetivos das melhores práticas

1. Impart drought proofing to the area
2. Sustainability productivity from dry lands
3. Offers livelihood to the affected people
4. Rehabilitation  of degraded lands

Breve descrição das principais atividades, por objetivo

1. Changing cropping patterns with low water requiring crops
2. Training modules dealing with water management, Integrated water management, Vermi-composting and pest control .
3. Improved varieties and farming practices
1. Ground water recharge by trapping flash floods in abandoned open wells/bore wells or behind check dams, percolation pond and recharge structures.
2. Restriction on sanction of unlimited number of tube wells.
3. Ground Water Budgeting and Matching Crop planning
1. Reducing pumping of the ground water to the extent of recharge.
2. Dissemination of groundwater information and Farmers decision making
3. Utilization of Indigenous as well as improved technology
1. Provides income for improved  livelihood of people
2. Mitigation of deteriorating ground water conditions
3. Prevents out migration due to degradation of land/water

Breve descrição e especificações técnicas da tecnologia

Participatory hydrological monitoring by stakeholders. For Ground Water Budgeting and Matching Crop planning a rigorous net work was created by farmers to monitor daily rainfall, stream-flows, fortnightly water levels, and bore well discharge to provide real time data to community for planning judicious use of available ground water. Efficient water management practices both Indigenous as well as improved were utilized in the implementation of the program. Innovative approach of behavioral changes of users. Dissemination of groundwater information and farmer decision making.|

Nome e endereço da instituição que desenvolve a tecnologia

Andhra Pradesh Farmer’s Manage Ground Water System (APFAMGS), Bharti Integrated Rural Development Society (BIRDS)|Hyderabad (Andhra Pradesh)

A tecnologia foi desenvolvida em parceria?

Sim

Liste os parceiros:

1. Andhra Pradesh Goverrnment,
2. Bharti Integrated Rural Development Society
3. Farmers Community
4. Food and Agriculture Organization

Especificar a estrutura dentro da qual a tecnologia foi promovida

• Outros (favor especifique)

Especifique:

The project was conceived through FAO support in collaboration with National Government and NGO.

A participação das partes interessadas locais, incluindo as OSCs, foi fomentada no desenvolvimento da tecnologia?

Sim

Lista das partes interessadas locais envolvidas:

1. All the stakeholders participated  
2. A federation of NGOs led by BIRDS was responsible for designing and execution of  program
3. Interaction with National program at district level

Para os participantes listados acima, especifique seu papel no projeto, início, uso e manutenção da tecnologia, se houver.

Participatory hydrological monitoring by stakeholders, Management Committees and their Federations at Hydrologic Unit Network level. This group was also responsible for maintenance of the field installations.|

A população que vive no local e/ou nas proximidades estava envolvida no desenvolvimento da tecnologia?

Sim

Por meio de quê?

• Abordagens participativas
• Outros (favor especifique)

Especifique:

Trainings

Descreva os impactos no local (os dois principais impactos por categoria)

A few tractors, bullock drawn seed drills, threshers and rain guns were made available in the village, which could be utilized by the farmers on custom hire basis. |
An unique knowledge based approach for mobilization of community.
The high water requiring crops such as paddy, sugarcane, groundnut and cotton have been almost replaced by red gram, Okhra, green gram and short duration variety (TGA37) of ground nut.|
A Shift from flood irrigation of crops to check basins, conservation furrow irrigation, sprinklers, drips and rain guns for spray of pesticides |
Improvement in land cover as well as biomass production helped carbon sequestration and off site impacts.
Peoples’ Institution, mutually Aided Cooperative Societies have been formed, which are acting as ground water monitoring committees.|
Improvement of ground water situation and drinking water facilities to people in dry areas.

Descreva os dois principais impactos fora do local (isto é, não ocorrendo no local, mas nas áreas circunvizinhas)

Improvement in land cover has improved carbon sequestration having off site impact and global impacts
Dissemination of the model to other areas

Impacto sobre a biodiversidade e a mudança climática

Explique as razões:

Improvement of land cover and biomass production improves soil biota and the biodiversity of drylands. Since there is higher carbon sequestration it would also effect the climate change. Drought proofing will act as preventive measure for land degradation.

Foi realizada uma análise de custo-benefício?

Foi realizada uma análise de custo-benefício?

Não

A tecnologia foi disseminada/introduzida para outros locais?

A tecnologia foi disseminada/introduzida para outros locais?

Sim

Onde?

It has proved successful in seven districts of Andhra Pradesh in India

Foram fornecidos incentivos para facilitar a adoção da tecnologia?

Foram fornecidos incentivos para facilitar a adoção da tecnologia?

Sim

Especifique que tipo de incentivos:

• Incentivos políticos ou regulamentares (por exemplo, relacionados às exigências e regulamentações do mercado, importação/exportação, investimento estrangeiro, apoio à pesquisa e desenvolvimento, etc.)
• Incentivos financeiros (por exemplo, taxas preferenciais, auxílios estatais, subsídios, subvenções em dinheiro, garantias de empréstimos, etc.)
• Incentivos fiscais (por exemplo, isenção ou redução de impostos, direitos, taxas, etc.)

Você pode identificar as três principais condições que levaram ao sucesso das melhores práticas/tecnologias apresentadas?

Replicable elsewhere with some level of adaptation;
Highly motivation of Stakeholders, farmers and their organization in to well structured  groups and cooperatives|
Replicable elsewhere with major adaptation

Replicabilidade

Na sua opinião, a melhor prática/tecnologia que você propôs pode ser replicada, embora com algum nível de adaptação, em outro lugar?

Sim

Em que nível?

• Local
• Sub-nacional
• Nacional

Relacionado a recursos humanos

1. Knowledge based approach is the best way to convince communities if they learn while doing the activity
2. Group actions in participatory mode are powerful tool to combat the ground water situations  
3. Indigenous as well innovative techniques were helpful in addressing the issues of ground water management.

Relacionado a aspectos técnicos

1. The core message of the project is the demystification of science  and discerning otherwise invisible issues in an easy understandable language to mobilize masses
2. Empowering communities with skills and knowledge to collect, collate, understand implications of their actions and triggering discussions on possible options and initiating safe guard actions at the village level.  
3.Information based decision making goes a long way in addressing even the otherwise complicated issues