1.2 Detalhes do contato das pessoas capacitadas e instituições envolvidas na avaliação e documentação da abordagem

Nome do projeto que facilitou a documentação/avaliação da Abordagem (se relevante)

DESIRE (EU-DES!RE)

Nome da(s) instituição(ões) que facilitou(ram) a documentação/avaliação da Abordagem (se relevante)

Moscow State University of Environmental Engineeri (Moscow State University of Environmental Engineeri) - Federação Russa

1.3 Condições em relação ao uso da informação documentada através de WOCAT

Quando os dados foram compilados (no campo)?

27/02/2009

O compilador e a(s) pessoa(s) capacitada(s) aceitam as condições relativas ao uso de dados documentados através do WOCAT:

Sim

1.4 Referência ao(s) questionário(s) sobre tecnologias da GST

2.1 Descrição curta da abordagem

Testing and disseminating of a water-saving technology like drip irrigation

2.2 Descrição detalhada da abordagem

Descrição detalhada da abordagem:

Aims / objectives: The objective of the Rural Development Programme (RDP) is to assist farmers who have to deal with difficult environmental conditions (drought, steep slopes) in applying sustainable farming practices either at the implementation phase or for maintenance. The programme is carried out to: 1) improve the socio-economic conditions of rural areas; 2) prevent land abandonment, and 3) prevent on-site and off-site damage caused by land degradation and erosion. To achieve these objectives, the RDP identifies different lines of action: 1) compensation for difficult natural conditions; 2) combating erosion; 3) reducing farming intensity; and 4) promoting eco-friendly agricultural practices.

Methods: The main method used in RDP is to provide farming subsidies for farming practices following a cross-compliance principle. Each line of action implies a combination of conservation measures that are subsidised, but only when applied in combination. Hence, single conservation measures outside of these lines of action are not subsidised.

Stages of implementation: Two years of testing with following phase of result dissemination.

Role of stakeholders: The level of subsidy is based on estimated implementation and maintenance costs and possible loss of productivity caused by the conservation measures. These values were obtained after consultation with various stakeholder groups including farmer organisations with agricultural cooperatives. However, because of limited resources, not all farmers will receive subsidies for conservation measures. Priority is given to: 1) farmers who have 50% of their land within the Nature 2000 network, a European-wide network of protected areas for the preservation of habitats and threatened species; 2) farmers with >50% of their land in unfavourable zones; and 3) farmers who did not receive subsidy in previous RDPs.

Other important information: Furthermore, areas with slopes of more than 20% are not subsidised in this programme since it is recommended that no agriculture should take place. Instead, reforestation of these areas is subsidised. RDPs are developed for a period of seven years. At the end of this period, a new RDP is defined and priorities and levels of subsidies may be changed. The present RDP is valid for the period 2007-2013

2.3 Fotos da abordagem

2.5 País/região/locais onde a abordagem foi aplicada

2.6 Datas de início e término da abordagem

2.7 Tipo de abordagem

• Baseado em projeto/programa

2.8 Principais metas/objetivos da abordagem

The Approach focused on SLM only

To consider the common problems of water scarcity at villages remote from water sources. To provide the best examples of water usage and initiate implementation of water-saving technologies.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: The main problem to be addressed by this approach is the conflicts over the common use of water supplied to the villages. In this dry area, water is scarce and has to be brought from remote rivers, lakes and artificial water storage facilities through irrigation channels. In the dry season, when water demand exceeds availability, there is a pivotal problem of poor water availability for all villagers. During the most difficult period, water even has to be transported to the villagers’ houses by car.

2.9 Condição que propiciam ou inibem a implementação de tecnologia/tecnologias aplicada(s) segundo a abordagem

3.1 Partes interessadas envolvidas na abordagem e seus papéis

3.2 Envolvimento do usuários de terra/comunidades locais nas diferentes fases da abordagem

	Envolvimento do usuários de terra/comunidades locais	Especifique quem estava envolvido e descreva as atividades
Iniciação/motivação	Participativo	SLM specialists - introducing the technology to people Planners - introducing the technology to people ready for testing it
Planejamento	Participativo	SLM specialists - planning of test implementation Land users - agreement to test the technology
Implementação	Apoio externo	SLM specialists – implementation of schemes development Land users – preparation of experimental plots
Monitoramento/avaliação	Apoio externo	Land users - simple monitoring of drip irrigation system performance
Research	Apoio externo	Land users – reporting of water used for irrigation, workload and harvested yield

3.4 Decisão sobre a seleção de tecnologia/tecnologias de GST

Especifique quem decidiu sobre a seleção de tecnologia/tecnologias a serem implementadas:

• Principalmente especialistas em GST, após consulta com usuários da terra

Explique:

Within the DESIRE project field trip several meetings with stakeholders were performed. Different variant were discussed. Local land users mentioned the technology of drip irigation and ask help of expert in implementation and training.

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by mainly by land users supported by SLM specialists. Method was chosen as it is saving water resources and labour time, is suitable for the local conditions and not complicated to implement.

4.1 Reforço das capacidades/formação

Foi oferecida formação aos usuários da terra/outras partes interessadas?

Sim

Especifique quem foi capacitado:

• Usuários de terra

Tipo de formação:

• Áreas de demonstração
• Reuniões públicas

Assuntos abordados:

drip irrigation technology, knowledge about varying quantities for plants during the growing season according to the hydrological cycle, etc.

4.2 Serviço de consultoria

Os usuários de terra têm acesso a um serviço de consultoria?

Sim

Especifique se foi oferecido serviço de consultoria:

• nas áreas dos usuários da terra

Descreva/comentários:

Name of method used for advisory service: Drip irrigation technology; Key elements: Water cycle: elaborated and explained to stakeholders during an initial stakeholder workshop as well as during field visits, Water-saving technologies: explained to stakeholders during stakeholder workshops. They were based on conceptual approaches and data gathered during field monitoring

Advisory service is quite adequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; The government cannot provide special services in order to ensure its continuation; however, farmer-to-farmer dissemination is working.

4.3 Fortalecimento da instituição (desenvolvimento organizacional)

As instituições foram fortalecidas ou estabelecidas através da abordagem?

• Sim, moderadamente

Especifique a que nível (níveis) as instituições foram fortalecidas ou estabelecidas:

• Local

Especifique o tipo de apoio:

• Reforço das capacidades/formação

Dê mais detalhes:

The local administration organized some demonstration and training activities for local users.

4.4 Monitoramento e avaliação

Monitoramento e avaliação são partes da abordagem?

Sim

Comentários:

Bio-physical aspects were ad hoc monitored by government through measurements; indicators: through farm visits and sampling of soils for chemical parameters (for example to control for ecological farming practices)
Technical aspects were ad hoc monitored by land users through observations; indicators: Comparison of water consumption using drip irrigation and furrow irrigation. The very high water efficiency as well as the minimal rate of water used for crop growing by drip irrigation was clearly demonstrated.
Economic / production aspects were monitored through measurements; indicators: by comparing production between years
There were no changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation
There were several changes in the Technology as a result of monitoring and evaluation: Some changes were made as a result of bio-physical monitoring of plant development according to water quantities, fertilizer application, etc.

4.5 Pesquisa

A pesquisa foi parte da abordagem?

Sim

Especifique os tópicos:

• Tecnologia

Dê mais detalhes e indique quem realizou a pesquisa:

The implementation of drip irrigation technology under local conditions was performed by a team from the Moscow State University of Environmental Engineering under the framework of the EU-DESIRE project.

Research was carried out both on station and on-farm

5.1 Orçamento anual para o componente de GST da abordagem

Caso o orçamento exato seja desconhecido, indique a faixa:

• 2.000-10.000

Comentários (p. ex. principais fontes de recursos/principais doadores):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: international non-government (EU research project DESIRE): 100.0%

5.2 Apoio financeiro/material concedido aos usuários da terra

Os usuários da terra receberam apoio financeiro/material para a implementação de tecnologia/tecnologias?

Sim

Caso afirmativo, especifique tipo(s) de apoio, condições e fornecedor(es):

Agricultural activities are subsidised by government

5.3 Subsídios para entradas específicas (incluindo mão-de-obra)

• Equipamento

Se a mão-de-obra pelos usuários da terra foi uma entrada substancial, isso foi:

• Recompensado com outras formas de apoio material

Comentários:

Materials (pipes for irrigation system, water tank) for the implementation of the experimental plots were supplied to land users. Some of the land users’ activities, like monitoring of soil water capacity, were paid with small amounts of cash. Other work was implemented voluntarily.

As this drip irrigation is in a testing phase, the materials for the irrigation system were financed by the project and not by the land users.

Labour was also paid in cash or sometime it was voluntarely.

5.4 Crédito

Foi concedido crédito segundo a abordagem para atividades de GST?

Não

6.1 Impactos da abordagem

6.2 Principal motivação dos usuários da terra para implementar a GST

6.3 Atividades de sustentabilidade de abordagem

Os usuários da terra podem manter o que foi implementado através da abordagem (sem apoio externo)?

• Sim

6.4 Pontos fortes/vantagens da abordagem

Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do usuário da terra
increasing the well-being of people (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Table of land users become more rich by vegetable, some vegetables can be sold on the market)
Labour time saving (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Giving people more time for others activities)
water saving (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Implementation of water saving technologies)

Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do compilador ou de outra pessoa capacitada
Increasing the well-being of people: food availability for land users becomes enriched in terms of vegetables and some vegetables can be sold on the market (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Dissemination of these opportunities to other people)
Reduction of labour input (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Giving people more time for other activities)
Combating land degradation (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: sharing this knowledge with other users)
Sharing water-saving knowledge with other users (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Implementation of water-saving technologies and dissemination of these skills to neighbours.)
Concerted thinking by stakeholders on common problems of water scarcity in villages remote from water sources (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Provide best-practice examples of water usage and initiate implementation of water-saving technologies )

6.5 Pontos fracos, desvantagens da tecnologia e formas de superá-los

Pontos fracos/vantagens/riscos na visão do compilador ou de outra pessoa capacitada	Como eles podem ser superados?
Relatively high starting implementation costs

7.1 Métodos/fontes de informação

7.2 Referências às publicações disponíveis

Título, autor, ano, ISBN:

Zeiliguer, A., G. Sokolova, V. Semeonv, O. Ermolaeva. Results of field experimentations at 2008 to grow tomatoes under drip irrigation at Pallasovsky District of Volgograd Region. Proceeding of conference at MSUEE. 2008, p. 45-56