Abordagens

ROAD CONSTRUCTION AND MANAGEMENT [Nepal]

Criação: 16/01/2014 00:00
Atualização: 09/07/2017 12:48
Compilador/a: Sabita Aryal
Editor: –
Revisor: Fabian Ottiger

SADAK NIRMAN TATHA BEBASTHAPAN

approaches_2522 - Nepal

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1. Informação geral

1.2 Detalhes do contato das pessoas capacitadas e instituições envolvidas na avaliação e documentação da abordagem

Pessoa(s) capacitada(s)

Especialista em GST:

Sabita Aryal

Especialista em GST:

Sintah Ganga Raj

VDC, chamrangbesi

Nepal

Especialista em GST:

Shrestha Deepika

Jwagal.Kupondol

Nepal

Nome da(s) instituição(ões) que facilitou(ram) a documentação/avaliação da Abordagem (se relevante)

Kathmandu University (KU) - Nepal

Nome da(s) instituição(ões) que facilitou(ram) a documentação/avaliação da Abordagem (se relevante)

Sarada Batase Village Development Committee (Sarada Batase VDC) - Nepal

1.3 Condições em relação ao uso da informação documentada através de WOCAT

Quando os dados foram compilados (no campo)?

02/11/2012

O compilador e a(s) pessoa(s) capacitada(s) aceitam as condições relativas ao uso de dados documentados através do WOCAT:

Sim

1.4 Referência ao(s) questionário(s) sobre tecnologias da GST

2. Descrição da abordagem de GST

2.1 Descrição curta da abordagem

It is a particular land conservation project to construct and manage road for the sustainable use of land.

2.2 Descrição detalhada da abordagem

Descrição detalhada da abordagem:

Aims / objectives: The main Objective if road construction is:
Mainly for the transportation so that it will make local people easy to travel.
Local people will be economically benefited.
For the development of the village.
To improve the living standard of local people.
.

Methods: Local people first decided the direction from where the road passes through. Then they collected funds and used dozer to dig and local people broke the stone. There was a voluntary participation of local people on road construction and gave huge contribution in road construction process.

Stages of implementation: First of all they were given knowledge about both the importance as well as consequences that they would be facing during the process of road construction.Keeping the consequences aside they decided to give some contribution in road construction to improve their life-style , they started gathering money and they voluntarily worked like passing stone ,breaking them and used dozer for main purpose. Funds for road construction was also provided by VDC

Role of stakeholders: 40% of the investment were done by the local people rest by the government.

Other important information: EIA was not done for construction of road.
Lack of engineer involvement for road construction.
Unmanaged road.
Lack of technology.

2.3 Fotos da abordagem

Galeria de Mídias

2.5 País/região/locais onde a abordagem foi aplicada

País:

Nepal

Especificação adicional de localização:

kavre

2.6 Datas de início e término da abordagem

Indique o ano de início:

2009

Ano de término (caso a abordagem não seja mais aplicada):

2009

2.7 Tipo de abordagem

Iniciativa/inovação local recente

2.8 Principais metas/objetivos da abordagem

The Approach focused mainly on other activities than SLM (Transportation)

The main objective was to know about the road construction, how it was made, what were the budget, problems and treatment.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: The main problem in road construction was dust particle while the construction was carrying on due to which there was a health problem.
Lack of technical knowledge.
Some conflict among the villagers about their land use during road construction.
Some natural calamities like soil erosion.

2.9 Condição que propiciam ou inibem a implementação de tecnologia/tecnologias aplicada(s) segundo a abordagem

Disponibilidade/acesso a recursos e serviços financeiros

Inibitivo

Financial problem as villagers had no large amount of money to invest

Treatment through the SLM Approach: They together collected money and some financial help from VDC's were given so that they can invest it during the road construction.

Quadro jurídico (posse de terra, direitos de uso da terra e da água)

Propício

The existing land ownership, land use rights / water rights greatly helped the approach implementation: The road in the village has passed through different land owners so it has helped greatly.

Inibitivo

Conflicts among villagers for land use during road construction.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Solve it through several meetings.

Conhecimento sobre GST, acesso a suporte técnico

Inibitivo

Due to less economical interest less technology were hired.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Dozer, elevators and loaders were hired for the construction.

Carga de trabalho, disponibilidade de força de trabalho

Inibitivo

people workload was increased due to less technology use.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: All the villagers worked together.

Outro

Inibitivo

health problem due to dust particles.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: people used mask and glasses to avoid dust.

3. Participação e papel das partes interessadas envolvidas

3.1 Partes interessadas envolvidas na abordagem e seus papéis

Usuários de terra/comunidades locais

Invested money and helped in construction. Collected money and worked together. Not much differences as they both contributed in road construction. Women were less in number as compared to men as they had to work in their houses. Some of them were busy with house works. People whose land were used for construction were not paid well. They had a great problem dealing with it because the land which was used in road construction was only the source for them to earn money.

Governo local

Supported in the aid.

Governo nacional (planejadores, responsáveis pelas decisões)

Supported in the aid.

government and VDC

Funded for road construction.

Caso várias partes interessadas foram envolvidas, indique a agência líder:

All the villagers were involved in road construction and gave huge contribution in constructing the raod

3.2 Envolvimento do usuários de terra/comunidades locais nas diferentes fases da abordagem

	Envolvimento do usuários de terra/comunidades locais	Especifique quem estava envolvido e descreva as atividades
Iniciação/motivação	Participativo	funding was done by both government and local people .
Planejamento	Participativo	construction planning was done by villagers.
Implementação	Automobilização	Local people initiated and implemented the work
Monitoramento/avaliação	Nenhum
Research	Nenhum

3.3 Fluxograma (se disponível)

Descrição:

It is a sequential chart showing different participants that played an important role in the road construction.

Autor:

Deepika Shrestha (Jwagal,Kupondol)

3.4 Decisão sobre a seleção de tecnologia/tecnologias de GST

Especifique quem decidiu sobre a seleção de tecnologia/tecnologias a serem implementadas:

Somente usuários da terra (iniciativa própria)

Explique:

In order to develop their village,for transportation purpose so that they could travel from one place to another easily, for business purpose they made decision on the choice of SLM Technology

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by by land users* alone (self-initiative / bottom-up). Local People asked for the financial help with government.Government provided some help but that was not enough so villagers among themselves collected money for the construction of the road

4. Suporte técnico, reforço das capacidades e gestão do conhecimento

4.2 Serviço de consultoria

Os usuários de terra têm acesso a um serviço de consultoria?

Sim

Descreva/comentários:

Advisory service is quite adequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; Lack of interest.

4.3 Fortalecimento da instituição (desenvolvimento organizacional)

As instituições foram fortalecidas ou estabelecidas através da abordagem?

Sim, moderadamente

Especifique a que nível (níveis) as instituições foram fortalecidas ou estabelecidas:

Local

Especifique o tipo de apoio:

Equipamento

Dê mais detalhes:

some advices were given before construction.

4.4 Monitoramento e avaliação

Monitoramento e avaliação são partes da abordagem?

Sim

Comentários:

economic / production aspects were regular monitored by government, land users through observations; indicators: financial support for road construction.

no. of land users involved aspects were regular monitored through measurements; indicators

road construction aspects were regular monitored by government, land users through observations; indicators

There were several changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: The width of road, slope angle and curve distance.

There were several changes in the Technology as a result of monitoring and evaluation: Road width, slope angle and curve width.

4.5 Pesquisa

A pesquisa foi parte da abordagem?

Sim

Especifique os tópicos:

Economia/Marketing
Ecologia
Tecnologia

Dê mais detalhes e indique quem realizou a pesquisa:

local peoples and VDC.

Research was carried out on-farm

5. Financiamento e apoio material externo

5.1 Orçamento anual para o componente de GST da abordagem

Caso o orçamento exato seja desconhecido, indique a faixa:

100.000-1.000.000

Comentários (p. ex. principais fontes de recursos/principais doadores):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: government (funded for road construction.): 50.0%; local government (district, county, municipality, village etc) (Supported in the aid.): 10.0%; local community / land user(s) (collected money.): 40.0%

5.2 Apoio financeiro/material concedido aos usuários da terra

Os usuários da terra receberam apoio financeiro/material para a implementação de tecnologia/tecnologias?

Sim

5.3 Subsídios para entradas específicas (incluindo mão-de-obra)

Equipamento

Especifique quais entradas foram subsidiadas	Em que medida	Especifique os subsídios
Maquinário	Totalmente financiado
Ferramentas	Totalmente financiado

Infraestrutura

Especifique quais entradas foram subsidiadas	Em que medida	Especifique os subsídios
Estradas	Parcialmente financiado

Se a mão-de-obra pelos usuários da terra foi uma entrada substancial, isso foi:

Voluntário

Comentários:

Villagers voluntary worked for road construction for development for their village.

Machinery and tools were fully financed but due to lack of technicians, machine were not used properly.

5.4 Crédito

Foi concedido crédito segundo a abordagem para atividades de GST?

Não

6. Análise de impactos e declarações finais

6.1 Impactos da abordagem

A abordagem auxiliou os usuários da terra a implementar e manter as tecnologias de GST?

Não
Sim, pouco
Sim, moderadamente
Sim, significativamente

Because while road construction all the trees were cut down due to which habitat of birds and animals were destroyed and natural calamities like soil erosion occurred and water pollution,noise pollution ,air pollution etc were also the problem faced during road construction.

A abordagem concedeu autonomia aos grupos social e economicamente desfavorecidos?

Não
Sim, pouco
Sim, moderadamente
Sim, significativamente

They have established shops, hotels and different vegetables can be sent to urban areas like kathmandu easily.

A abordagem melhorou as questões de posse de terra/diretos do usuário que inibiam a implementação das tecnologias de GST?

Não
Sim, pouco
Sim, moderadamente
Sim, significativamente

The problem is likely to be overcome in the near future. While extending the road,more land is required due to which dispute between the land owner may rise.

Did other land users / projects adopt the Approach?

Não
Sim, pouco
Sim, moderadamente
Sim, significativamente

Did the Approach lead to improved livelihoods / human well-being?

Não
Sim, pouco
Sim, moderadamente
Sim, significativamente

With road construction , transportation facility has become easy, also progress in business and living standard.

Did the Approach help to alleviate poverty?

Não
Sim, pouco
Sim, moderadamente
Sim, significativamente

Their have improved economic status and also living standard by growing crops in their land and transporting it to urban areas like Kathmandu ,by establishing shops hotels etc.

6.2 Principal motivação dos usuários da terra para implementar a GST

Produção aumentada

transportation facilities

Lucro (lucrabilidade) aumentado, melhora da relação custo-benefício

growing and selling the products

Carga de trabalho reduzida

transportation facilities due to which their workload dereased.

Afiliação a movimento/projeto/grupo/rede

some project may come and work for their village.

Consciência ambiental

pollution like air pollution,water pollution were reduced,sound health,healthy and fresh environment

well-being and livelihoods improvement

road construction helps to improve their living and economical standard.

for business purpose

they grow vegetables and send to city.

6.3 Atividades de sustentabilidade de abordagem

Os usuários da terra podem manter o que foi implementado através da abordagem (sem apoio externo)?

Não

Caso negativo ou incerto, especifique e comente:

Lack of financial support for road construction,technicians,machines ,tools etc

6.4 Pontos fortes/vantagens da abordagem

Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do usuário da terra
They can sell their products and earn money. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: planting trees on the side of the road which will make soil hard and prevent from landslides, soil erosion which damages the road.)

Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do compilador ou de outra pessoa capacitada
sick person can be taken to hospital easily. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Wall line structure can be made so it prevent from landslides and soil erosion.)
Transportation facility will be available. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Road must be maintained from time to time.)
Import and Export of different local product. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Production of local product should be increased.)
People can travel to village easily. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: road should be pitched and should be extended. )

6.5 Pontos fracos, desvantagens da tecnologia e formas de superá-los

Pontos fracos/desvantagens/riscos na visão do usuário da terra	Como eles podem ser superados?
Dust particle may cause harm.	Road must be pitched.
If road is extended then land user must sacrifice some portion of their land.	Land users should be paid well for their land.

Pontos fracos/vantagens/riscos na visão do compilador ou de outra pessoa capacitada	Como eles podem ser superados?
Road is gravelled and dusty.	Road must be pitched .
Road is dangerous and rough so maximum chance of accident.	Stone block must be constructed to prevent accident.

7. Referências e links

Links e módulos

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