Abordagens

Improved Pasture Development [Butão]

Tsamdro Gongphel (ཙྭ་འབྲོག་གོང་འཕེལ།)

approaches_6858 - Butão

Completude: 94%

1. Informação geral

1.2 Detalhes do contato das pessoas capacitadas e instituições envolvidas na avaliação e documentação da abordagem

Pessoa(s) capacitada(s)

usuário de terra:

Baleymo

Tangbi community

Tangbi, Choekhor Gewog (Block), Bumthang Dzongkhag (District), Bhutan

Butão

usuário de terra:

Choden Sonam

+97517670437

Tangbi community

Tangbi, Choekhor, Bumthang, Bhutan

Butão

usuário de terra:

Wangmo Phurpa

+97517951687

Tangbi community

Tangbi, Choekhor Gewog (Block), Bumthang Dzongkhag (District), Bhutan

Butão

Nome do projeto que facilitou a documentação/avaliação da Abordagem (se relevante)
Strengthening national-level institutional and professional capacities of country Parties towards enhanced UNCCD monitoring and reporting – GEF 7 EA Umbrella II (GEF 7 UNCCD Enabling Activities_Umbrella II)
Nome da(s) instituição(ões) que facilitou(ram) a documentação/avaliação da Abordagem (se relevante)
National Soil Services Centre, Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture & Livestock (NSSC) - Butão

1.3 Condições em relação ao uso da informação documentada através de WOCAT

Quando os dados foram compilados (no campo)?

19/07/2023

O compilador e a(s) pessoa(s) capacitada(s) aceitam as condições relativas ao uso de dados documentados através do WOCAT:

Sim

2. Descrição da abordagem de GST

2.1 Descrição curta da abordagem

The improved pasture development approach focuses on enhancing pasture productivity, which is managed sustainably for grazing. Livestock productivity depends greatly on improved pastures. It is very important to manage pastures to support the livelihoods of rural communities in Bhutan.

2.2 Descrição detalhada da abordagem

Descrição detalhada da abordagem:

The improved pasture development approach in Bhutan started at the beginning of the 5th Five Year Plan (1982-1987). Thangbi village, Bumthang, focuses on enhancing pastureland productivity and sustainability through the cultivation of improved varieties of grasses provided by the project. This initiative not only prevents land degradation and erosion but also enhances fertility by introducing leguminous species like clover. In temperate areas, improved pasture consists of a mixture of white clover, tall fescue, cocksfoot, and Italian ryegrass while in the subtropical areas, green leaf desmodium, molasses grass (Melinis sp.), ruzi grass (Brachiaria sp.), and stylo are grown.
Given the significant role livestock plays in the livelihood of Bhutanese communities, where productivity is strongly influenced by seasonal variations in fodder availability, improved pasture development addresses crucial objectives. These are: 1) Enhancing the resilience of pasture ecosystems to ensure continuous, high-quality fodder production; 2) Increasing forage availability and quality by promoting the cultivation of improved fodder species; and 3) Improving livestock productivity, directly impacting income generation through increased yields of animal products - especially of milk, cheese, and butter.
Implementation involves four stages: 1) Initial assessments of pasture conditions and land suitability, conducted by livestock extension officials; 2) Planning sessions involving officials from the Department of Livestock and land users; 3) Establishment of the identified areas for growing improved fodder species; and 4) Management of improved pasture plots by land users, accompanied by regular monitoring and evaluation to ensure effectiveness.
Key stakeholders in this approach include livestock extension agents and community members. Livestock extension agents act as a liaison between the community and the government. They also procure and distribute fodder grass seeds. Community members establish pastures in their farms, taking on responsibilities such as monitoring the water supply and caring for the grasses throughout their growing seasons.
Land users appreciate the approach because it ensures abundant fodder availability year-round, improving milk production through the cultivation of superior grass species, and reducing the workload associated with foraging in forests or tending grazing cows. However, concerns raised by land users include a reduction in cultivable land due to fodder grass cultivation and a lack of training regarding fodder management for those involved in the approach.

2.3 Fotos da abordagem

2.5 País/região/locais onde a abordagem foi aplicada

País:

Butão

Região/Estado/Província:

Bumthang Dzongkhag (District)

Especificação adicional de localização:

Thangbi Village, Choekhor Gewog (Block)

2.6 Datas de início e término da abordagem

Indique o ano de início:

1980

Comentários:

The pasture grass seeds are provided to the community members annually free of cost and this approach is continuing until the present.

2.7 Tipo de abordagem

  • Baseado em projeto/programa

2.8 Principais metas/objetivos da abordagem

1) Enhance the resilience of pasture ecosystems: For countries like Bhutan, fodder production is largely affected by season and during off season, the productivity goes down drastically, leaving many land users in distress. Therefore, improved pasture development enables land users to continuously harvest quality fodder for their cows.
2) Increase forage availability and quality: The improved pasture development approach not only focuses on the production of fodder in quantity but also the quality by encouraging land users to grow improved varieties of fodder species.
3) Improve livestock productivity: Improving productivity is the primary objective as it directly connects to the quantity of animal produce like milk, cheese, butter, etc., that affects the income generated.

2.9 Condição que propiciam ou inibem a implementação de tecnologia/tecnologias aplicada(s) segundo a abordagem

Normas e valores sociais/culturais/religiosos
  • Propício

Community members/land users shared the same social, cultural, and religious norms and values. Implementation of any project didn't have any issues.

Disponibilidade/acesso a recursos e serviços financeiros
  • Propício

Community members/land users are provided with improved varieties of fodder grass for free based on the area of the land.

Quadro institucional
  • Propício

The improved pasture development has helped improve the livelihood of the community members.

Conhecimento sobre GST, acesso a suporte técnico
  • Inibitivo

The land users know that pasture development is directly related to SLM, however land users didn't receive any trainings on the improved pasture development through the approach.

Carga de trabalho, disponibilidade de força de trabalho
  • Propício

The workload has relatively decreased: In the past, community members had to go to the forest to either collect fodder or look after cow that graze on the grasses, but now pasture grass is readily available.

3. Participação e papel das partes interessadas envolvidas

3.1 Partes interessadas envolvidas na abordagem e seus papéis

  • Usuários de terra/comunidades locais

Community members

Receive the fodder grass seeds and establish pasture lands in their registered lands. He/she also monitors the water requirement and takes care of the grasses throughout its growing seasons.

  • Department of Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock

Livestock extension agent

The livestock extension agent act as a bridge between the community and the governments. He/she handles the project at the grassroots level by meeting and discussing improved pasture development personally with the interested land users. He/she is responsible for procuring the seeds of fodder grasses and distributing them to the community members.

3.2 Envolvimento do usuários de terra/comunidades locais nas diferentes fases da abordagem
Envolvimento do usuários de terra/comunidades locais Especifique quem estava envolvido e descreva as atividades
Iniciação/motivação Passivo Livestock extension agent upon consultation with research centers will carry out initial assessments of pasture conditions (which species of pasture grass species to be grown) and land suitability study.
Planejamento Participativo The livestock extension agent and the community members decided on how to establish and implement the project.
Implementação Automobilização In the initiation phase grass species are already identified and once planning is done. Land users will be provided seeds and they have to establish the pasture on their own.
Monitoramento/avaliação Automobilização Monitoring of pasture field is normally done by the community members, and ocasionally it is monitored by the extension for scheduled reporting purpose.

3.3 Fluxograma (se disponível)

Descrição:

The flow chart was created based on the information provided by the community members.

Autor:

Ongpo Lepcha

3.4 Decisão sobre a seleção de tecnologia/tecnologias de GST

Foram tomadas decisões quanto à seleção de tecnologia(s):
  • Livestock extension agent
Explique:

The livestock extension agent in consultation with relevant agencies procure and supply pasture grass seeds to interested farmers for pasture development.

  • Consultation with research centers

4. Suporte técnico, reforço das capacidades e gestão do conhecimento

4.1 Reforço das capacidades/formação

Foi oferecida formação aos usuários da terra/outras partes interessadas?

Não

4.2 Serviço de consultoria

Os usuários de terra têm acesso a um serviço de consultoria?

Sim

Especifique se foi oferecido serviço de consultoria:
  • nas áreas dos usuários da terra
Descreva/comentários:

Whenever community members require any sort of technical assistance or advisory services, Livestock Extension agent at their capacity provides the support. however, if higher intervention is required EA solicit supports from the dzongkhag, Central programs and the department of livestockand accordingly provide assistance.

4.3 Fortalecimento da instituição (desenvolvimento organizacional)

As instituições foram fortalecidas ou estabelecidas através da abordagem?
  • Sim, pouco
Especifique a que nível (níveis) as instituições foram fortalecidas ou estabelecidas:
  • Local
Descreva instituição, papéis e responsabilidades, membros, etc.

The livelihood of the community has been relatively better with the improved pasture development.

  • Planting materials
Dê mais detalhes:

The extension agent would provide improved pasture grass seeds based on the availability of budget for seeds procurement.

4.4 Monitoramento e avaliação

Monitoramento e avaliação são partes da abordagem?

Sim

Comentários:

Monitoring is mostly done by the community members.

Caso afirmativo, esta documentação é destinada a ser utilizada para monitoramento e avaliação?

Não

4.5 Pesquisa

A pesquisa foi parte da abordagem?

Não

5. Financiamento e apoio material externo

5.1 Orçamento anual para o componente de GST da abordagem

Caso o orçamento exato seja desconhecido, indique a faixa:
  • 10.000-100.000
Comentários (p. ex. principais fontes de recursos/principais doadores):

The funding is mostly in terms of cost of the improved pasture grass varieties.

5.2 Apoio financeiro/material concedido aos usuários da terra

Os usuários da terra receberam apoio financeiro/material para a implementação de tecnologia/tecnologias?

Não

5.3 Subsídios para entradas específicas (incluindo mão-de-obra)

  • Nenhum
 

5.4 Crédito

Foi concedido crédito segundo a abordagem para atividades de GST?

Não

5.5 Outros incentivos ou instrumentos

Foram utilizados outros incentivos ou instrumentos para promover a implementação das tecnologias de GST?

Não

6. Análise de impactos e declarações finais

6.1 Impactos da abordagem

A abordagem auxiliou os usuários da terra a implementar e manter as tecnologias de GST?
  • Não
  • Sim, pouco
  • Sim, moderadamente
  • Sim, significativamente

No workshop or tainings were provided to the community members, however, they relied on their traditional knowledge on pasture land management.

A abordagem aprimorou o conhecimento e as capacidades dos usuários da terra para implementar a GST?
  • Não
  • Sim, pouco
  • Sim, moderadamente
  • Sim, significativamente

Community members relied on their traditional knowledge about pasture grass management

A abordagem construiu/fortaleceu instituições, colaboração entre partes interessadas?
  • Não
  • Sim, pouco
  • Sim, moderadamente
  • Sim, significativamente

The livelihood of the community has relatively improved compared to the past.

A abordagem concedeu autonomia aos grupos social e economicamente desfavorecidos?
  • Não
  • Sim, pouco
  • Sim, moderadamente
  • Sim, significativamente

All the households in the community irrespective of their background were provided with the pasture grass seeds.

A abordagem melhorou a igualdade de gêneros e concedeu autonomia a mulheres e meninas?
  • Não
  • Sim, pouco
  • Sim, moderadamente
  • Sim, significativamente

All genders were equally encouraged to participate

A abordagem resultou em segurança alimentar aprimorada/nutrição melhorada?
  • Não
  • Sim, pouco
  • Sim, moderadamente
  • Sim, significativamente

The cultivated land has decreased due to the improved pasture land

6.2 Principal motivação dos usuários da terra para implementar a GST

  • Produção aumentada

The introduction of improved pasture grass, has helped improve dairy production in the community

  • Riscos de desastre reduzido

Forest grazing is reduced, resulting to less incidence of human wildlife conflict (livestock depredation)

  • Carga de trabalho reduzida

Since pasture grass is cultivated nearby the workload has decreased

6.3 Atividades de sustentabilidade de abordagem

Os usuários da terra podem manter o que foi implementado através da abordagem (sem apoio externo)?
  • Incerto
Caso negativo ou incerto, especifique e comente:

The community member were unsure about its sustainability due to several factors such as rural urban migration and so on.

6.4 Pontos fortes/vantagens da abordagem

Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do usuário da terra
Reduced workload
Fodder available in large amount
Higher milk production
Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do compilador ou de outra pessoa capacitada
Reduction of surface runoff
Increase fertility of the soil

6.5 Pontos fracos, desvantagens da tecnologia e formas de superá-los

Pontos fracos/desvantagens/riscos na visão do usuário da terra Como eles podem ser superados?
Reduction in cultivated land
Land users have to depend on livestock officers for seeds Training on seed production can be given to enhance their skills

7. Referências e links

7.1 Métodos/fontes de informação

  • visitas de campo, pesquisas de campo

One household

  • entrevistas com usuários de terras

Three individuals

7.2 Referências às publicações disponíveis

Título, autor, ano, ISBN:

Marzban, S. & Valizadeh, N. (2020). Pasture Development: Fundamentals and Managerial Perspectives.

Disponível de onde? Custos?

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339074876_Pasture_Development_Fundamentals_and_Managerial_Perspectives

7.3 Links para informação relevante que está disponível online

Título/ descrição:

Improving the quality of pastures

URL:

https://business.qld.gov.au/industries/farms-fishing-forestry/agriculture/sustainable/graze/pasture/improve

Título/ descrição:

Pasture Development on Small Farms

URL:

https://farmstyle.com.au/news/pasture-development-small-farms

Título/ descrição:

Strategies for improving run down pastures

URL:

https://www.incitecpivotfertilisers.com.au/news-and-insights/agronomic-insights/pasture/strategies-for-improving-run-down-pastures

Título/ descrição:

Pasture Management: Effective Planning & Implementation

URL:

https://eos.com/blog/pasture-management/

Módulos