1.2 Detalhes do contato das pessoas capacitadas e instituições envolvidas na avaliação e documentação da abordagem

Nome da(s) instituição(ões) que facilitou(ram) a documentação/avaliação da Abordagem (se relevante)

EEZA-CSIC (EEZA-CSIC) - Espanha

1.3 Condições em relação ao uso da informação documentada através de WOCAT

O/a compilador/a e a(s) pessoa(s) capacitada(s) aceitam as condições relativas ao uso de dados documentados através da WOCAT:

Sim

1.4 Referência ao(s) questionário(s) sobre tecnologias da GST

2.1 Descrição curta da abordagem

Regional development programme to protect natural resources and stimulate rural economies.

2.2 Descrição detalhada da abordagem

Descrição detalhada da abordagem:

Aims / objectives: The objective of the Rural Development Programme (RDP) is to assist farmers who have to deal with difficult environmental conditions (drought, steep slopes) to apply sustainable farming practices either in the implementation phase or for maintenance. The programme is carried out to: 1) improve the socio-economic conditions of rural areas; 2) prevent land abandonment, and 3) prevent on-site and off-site damages caused by land degradation and erosion. To achieve these objectives, the RDP identifies different lines of action: 1) compensate for difficult natural conditions; 2) fight against erosion; 3) reduce farming intensity; and 4) promote ecological agriculture.

Methods: The main method used in the RDP is through subsidies of farming practices following a cross-compliance principle. Each line of action implies a combination of conservation measures that are subsidised, but only when applied in combination. Hence, single conservation measures outside of these lines of action are not subsidies.

Role of stakeholders: The level of the subsidy is based on estimated implementation and maintenance costs and possible loss of productivity caused by the conservation measures. These values were obtained after consultation of various stakeholder groups including farmer organisations with agricultural cooperatives. However, because of limited resources, not all farmers will receive subsidies for the conservation measures. Priority is given to: 1) farmers who have 50% of their land within the Nature 2000 network, a European wide network of protected areas for the preservation of habitats and threatened species; 2) farmers with >50% of their land in unfavourable zones; and 3) farmers who did not receive subsidy in previous RDPs.

Other important information: Furthermore, areas with slopes of more than 20% are not subsidised in this programme since it is recommended that no agriculture takes place in these areas. Instead, reforestation of these areas is subsidised. RDPs are developed for a period of 7 years. Every seven years, a new RDP is defined and priorities and levels of subsidies can change. The present RDP is valid for the period 2007-2013.

2.3 Fotos da abordagem

2.5 País/região/locais onde a abordagem foi aplicada

2.6 Datas de início e término da abordagem

2.7 Tipo de abordagem

• Baseado em projeto/programa

2.8 Principais metas/objetivos da abordagem

The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (Socio-economic development of rural areas)

1) improve the socio-economic situation of rural areas; 2) prevent land abandonment; and 3) prevent on-site and off-site damage caused by land degradation and erosion.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: The main problems addressed by the approach are low income and low productivity of farmers in rural areas, subsequent land abandonment, and erosion and land degradation processes causing on-site and off-site damage.

2.9 Condição que propiciam ou inibem a implementação de tecnologia/tecnologias aplicada(s) segundo a abordagem

3.1 Partes interessadas envolvidas na abordagem e seus papéis

3.2 Envolvimento do usuários de terra/comunidades locais nas diferentes fases da abordagem

	Envolvimento do usuários de terra/comunidades locais	Especifique quem estava envolvido e descreva as atividades
Iniciação/motivação	Automobilização	Petitions towards policy makers and farmers organizations to pay attention for production under difficult environmental conditions
Planejamento	Participativo	Land users were sporadically consulted through farmers organizations and participated in protest meetings against initial versions of the RDP that they considered insufficient regarding payments for the agricultural sector
Implementação	Participativo	Land users implemented SLM technologies themselves with help from technicians of regional government and farmers organisations
Monitoramento/avaliação	Nenhum
Research	Nenhum

3.3 Fluxograma (se disponível)

3.4 Decisão sobre a seleção de tecnologia/tecnologias de GST

Especifique quem decidiu sobre a seleção de tecnologia/tecnologias a serem implementadas:

• Principalmente especialistas em GST, após consulta com usuários da terra

Explique:

Decisions were made in the regional ministry of agriculture after consultation of researchers and farmer organisations.

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by by politicians / leaders. Politicians have decided the way of subsidising.

4.1 Reforço das capacidades/ formação

Foi oferecida formação aos usuários da terra/outras partes interessadas?

Sim

Especifique quem foi capacitado:

• Equipe de campo/consultores

Tipo de formação:

• Em exercício
• Agricultor para agricultor

Assuntos abordados:

The technical conditions needed for control were explained to technicians. Training to land users was not provided directly, though advice can be obtained through agricultural organisations and extension services.

4.2 Serviço de consultoria

Os usuários de terra têm acesso a um serviço de consultoria?

Sim

Especifique se foi oferecido serviço de consultoria:

• nas áreas dos usuários da terra

Descreva/comentários:

Agricultural extension services (Oficina Comarcal Agrari; Key elements: advice, control

Advisory service is inadequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; There is more information and awareness building required for land users. Information is often only available at political/research level and the level of the agricultural cooperatives but not at farm level.

4.3 Fortalecimento da instituição (desenvolvimento organizacional)

As instituições foram fortalecidas ou estabelecidas através da abordagem?

• Sim, pouco

Especifique a que nível (níveis) as instituições foram fortalecidas ou estabelecidas:

• Local

Especifique o tipo de apoio:

• Reforço das capacidades/ formação

Dê mais detalhes:

Information to agricultural cooperatives

4.4 Monitoramento e avaliação

Monitoramento e avaliação são partes da abordagem?

Sim

Comentários:

bio-physical aspects were ad hoc monitored by government through measurements; indicators: farm visits, sampling of soils for chemical parameters

technical aspects were ad hoc monitored by government through measurements; indicators: farm visits to control the actual implementation of SLM measures

economic / production aspects were ad hoc monitored by land users through measurements; indicators: comparing production between years

area treated aspects were regular monitored by government through observations; indicators: farm visits and mapping with GIS tools

no. of land users involved aspects were regular monitored by government through observations; indicators: documentation of all farmers who participate in the subsidy programme

There were several changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: RDP's are evaluated and redefined every 7 years.

There were several changes in the Technology as a result of monitoring and evaluation: RDP's are evaluated and redefined every 7 years.

4.5 Pesquisa

A pesquisa foi parte da abordagem?

Sim

Especifique os tópicos:

• Economia/Marketing
• Ecologia
• Tecnologia

• geography

Dê mais detalhes e indique quem realizou a pesquisa:

Results from national and international research projects of the last decades were used as well as experimental results from regional and national research institutes like the IMIDA and CSIC.

Research was carried out both on station and on-farm

5.1 Orçamento anual para o componente de GST da abordagem

Caso o orçamento exato seja desconhecido, indique a faixa:

• > 1.000.000

Comentários (p. ex. principais fontes de recursos/principais doadores):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: international (EU FEADER programme): 41.0%; government: 10.0%; local government (district, county, municipality, village etc): 49.0%

5.2 Apoio financeiro/material concedido aos usuários da terra

Os usuários da terra receberam apoio financeiro/material para a implementação de tecnologia/tecnologias?

Sim

Caso afirmativo, especifique tipo(s) de apoio, condições e fornecedor(es):

Subsidies are provided by the regional ministry, state and EU programmes.

5.3 Subsídios para entradas específicas (incluindo mão-de-obra)

• Agrícola

• Construção

• Outro

5.4 Crédito

Foi concedido crédito segundo a abordagem para atividades de GST?

Não

6.1 Impactos da abordagem

6.2 Principal motivação dos usuários da terra para implementar a GST

6.3 Atividades de sustentabilidade de abordagem

Os usuários da terra podem manter o que foi implementado através da abordagem (sem apoio externo)?

• Incerto

Caso negativo ou incerto, especifique e comente:

Some of the technologies under the support do not have a high cost (e.g. reduced tillage and ecological agriculture). These can be continued without problems. Other technologies can be more problematic, for example the maintenance of vegetated earthen terraces can be too costly.

6.4 Pontos fortes/vantagens da abordagem

Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do usuário da terra
All implementation and maintenance costs as well as loss of productivity are subsidised (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: There should be enough funding for all farmers willing to apply the measures, and there should be continuity across RDP’s.)

Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do/a compilador/a ou de outra pessoa capacitada
The approach is an effort to provide an integrated way of how SLM can be achieved. So no separate measures but a complete SLM plan at the farm level. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Including more measures in the approach.)

6.5 Pontos fracos, desvantagens da tecnologia e formas de superá-los

Pontos fracos/desvantagens/riscos na visão do usuário da terra	Como eles podem ser superados?
There is a lack of organisation amongst land users	Agricultural cooperatives and regional extension services should have a more active role to coordinate activities and communication.

Pontos fracos/vantagens/riscos na visão do/a compilador/a ou de outra pessoa capacitada	Como eles podem ser superados?
There is a strong lack of land users participation in the design, implementation and training of the approach	Organise stakeholder meetings, information sessions and trainings for land users.
There is a lack of transparency in communication	Agricultural cooperatives and regional extension services should have a more active role to coordinate activities and communication.

7.1 Métodos/fontes de informação