1.2 Detalhes do contato das pessoas capacitadas e instituições envolvidas na avaliação e documentação da abordagem

Nome do projeto que facilitou a documentação/avaliação da Abordagem (se relevante)

Decision Support for Mainstreaming and Scaling out Sustainable Land Management (GEF-FAO / DS-SLM)

Nome da(s) instituição(ões) que facilitou(ram) a documentação/avaliação da Abordagem (se relevante)

Land Development Department LDD (Land Development Department LDD) - Tailândia

1.3 Condições em relação ao uso da informação documentada através de WOCAT

Quando os dados foram compilados (no campo)?

26/09/2018

O/a compilador/a e a(s) pessoa(s) capacitada(s) aceitam as condições relativas ao uso de dados documentados através da WOCAT:

Sim

1.4 Referência ao(s) questionário(s) sobre tecnologias da GST

2.1 Descrição curta da abordagem

Thai government promotes planting Eucalyptus camaldulensis on rice bunds to lower shallow saline groundwater level and prevent the spread of salt in soils under cooperation of farmers, land owners, Siam Forestry Co., Ltd., Subdistrict Administration, Organization, Land Development Department, and with specialists or technical advisors in various fields.

2.2 Descrição detalhada da abordagem

Descrição detalhada da abordagem:

Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives through Land Development Department (LDD.) has initiated the project on planting salt tolerant perennial trees on salt affected land in the Northeast Thailand since 1996. This project therefore has facilitated planting Eucalyptus camaldulensis on rice bunds since then. The main objective of the approach is to encourage and support the land users to plant Eucalyptus camaldulensis on rice bunds in the salt affected land with shallow saline groundwater. The target of planting is 1000 rai/year (1 ha = 6.25 rai).
The activities started by LDD with public hearing through local administration, identifying salt affected areas by SLM specialist and landscape soil salinity map; set demonstration plot by SLM specialist and farmer on the farmer’s land as learning center and communication with local administration to call for farmers meeting with detailed work plan and discussion of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of planting Eucalyptus. The methods used were questionnaires and interviewing are for their willingness of their participation of the the stakeholders concerned by LDD SLM specialists, researchers, and experts. The LDD has provided funding for land preparation and planting cost while corporate such as Siam Forestry Co., Ltd. purchase the logs through contract, Bank for Agriculture and Agricultural Cooperatives provides loan to land users.

The implementing of the Approach consist of 3 phases. The preparation phase which is of seedling preparation (growing the seedling in nursery), site selection for establishment of demonstration plot of salt affected soil, rice bund preparation, and establish demonstration plot of 200 rai at Ban Kham Riang, Muang Pia Sub-district, Ban Phai District, Khon Kaen Province. The coordination phase includes joint meeting between farmers and researchers, joint monitoring, evaluation and follow up, land users, site visit to demonstration plot. The planting actions start with model (planting method) establishment on farmers land in the salt affected area who were convinced by the results of the demonstration plots, Those farmers will be supported by the project on Planting Salt Tolerant Perennial Trees on Saline Soils in the Northeast Thailand.

The market starts up for purchase of logs after joint monitoring evaluation and follow up. The results from the interviews show that land users favor this project and spread Eucalyptus planting by themselves due to the decrease in salination as well as higher income from better rice production and additional income from selling tree trunks. However, there were some negatives effects by the falling leaves (farmers believe that they produce organic compound that are detrimental to rice yield) and shading to rice crop of Eucalyptus discussed among farmers. This problem, was solved by arranging site visits, where there were no effects found. Furthermore, favorable micro-climate is cooler, local earth worms used to disappear now returning resulted in better soil properties. However, more birds, rats dwell in this better environment become disadvantage because they damage rice yield. However, there are more advantage than disadvantage so they still adopt this technology. It has been found that more than 10,000 rai (1,600 ha) of shallow saline groundwater of the salt affected land were planted Eucalyptus trees on rice bunds in the low lying salt affected discharged area of shallow saline groundwater ( planting Eucalyptus more than 1,000 rai per year).

2.3 Fotos da abordagem

2.4 Vídeos da abordagem

2.5 País/região/locais onde a abordagem foi aplicada

2.6 Datas de início e término da abordagem

2.7 Tipo de abordagem

• Baseado em projeto/programa

2.8 Principais metas/objetivos da abordagem

The main objectives of the approach is to encourage and support land users to plant Eucalyptus camaldulensis on the salt affected land, planting target of the project is 1000 rai/year (1 ha = 6.25 rai).

2.9 Condição que propiciam ou inibem a implementação de tecnologia/tecnologias aplicada(s) segundo a abordagem

3.1 Partes interessadas envolvidas na abordagem e seus papéis

3.2 Envolvimento do usuários de terra/comunidades locais nas diferentes fases da abordagem

	Envolvimento do usuários de terra/comunidades locais	Especifique quem estava envolvido e descreva as atividades
Iniciação/motivação	Participativo	land users in the project based
Planejamento	Passivo	Discussion with land users on work plan before starting the activity.
Implementação	Participativo	land users/farmers in the project
Monitoramento/avaliação	Passivo	land users in the project

3.3 Fluxograma (se disponível)

3.4 Decisão sobre a seleção de tecnologia/tecnologias de GST

Especifique quem decidiu sobre a seleção de tecnologia/tecnologias a serem implementadas:

• Principalmente especialistas em GST, após consulta com usuários da terra

Explique:

SLM specialists locate salt affected areas where shallow saline groundwater area are found.
Then consult with land users to agree with the set technology and the shared benefit between LDD in combating salinity problem as well as their additional income with better soils and favorable micro-climate.

Especifique em que base foram tomadas as decisões:

• Avaliação de conhecimento bem documentado de GST (tomada de decisão baseada em evidências)

4.1 Reforço das capacidades/ formação

Foi oferecida formação aos usuários da terra/outras partes interessadas?

Sim

Especifique quem foi capacitado:

• Usuários de terra

Tipo de formação:

• Áreas de demonstração
• Reuniões públicas

Assuntos abordados:

Reclamation and prevention for salt affected land with accessed technology and increase income for farmers.

4.2 Serviço de consultoria

Os usuários de terra têm acesso a um serviço de consultoria?

Sim

Especifique se foi oferecido serviço de consultoria:

• nas áreas dos usuários da terra

Descreva/comentários:

1. Community volunteer on soil represents from Land Development Department provides knowledge by training farmers in the area.
2. SLM specialists from Land Development Department and specialists of Siam Forestry Co., Ltd. visited and advised farmers in the area.

4.3 Fortalecimento da instituição (desenvolvimento organizacional)

As instituições foram fortalecidas ou estabelecidas através da abordagem?

• Não

4.4 Monitoramento e avaliação

Monitoramento e avaliação são partes da abordagem?

Sim

Comentários:

SLM specialists from Land Development Department collaborated with Siam Forestry Co., Ltd. and community volunteer on soil survey the survival rate and follow up growth of plant in the area.

Caso afirmativo, esta documentação é destinada a ser utilizada para monitoramento e avaliação?

Sim

Comentários:

There are various point in this document that are interesting and should be adapted for each area to use for evaluation.

4.5 Pesquisa

A pesquisa foi parte da abordagem?

Sim

Especifique os tópicos:

• Tecnologia

Dê mais detalhes e indique quem realizou a pesquisa:

The soil salinity research group, LDD conducted research on saline groundwater flow path along the landscape in Northeast Thailand with Prof.Dr. Adrian Peck from University of Western Australia supported by Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) and another project with Dr. Nico Marcar from Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) on screening for salt tolerant trees sponsored ACIAR as well.

5.1 Orçamento anual para o componente de GST da abordagem

Caso o orçamento exato seja desconhecido, indique a faixa:

• 2.000-10.000

Comentários (p. ex. principais fontes de recursos/principais doadores):

Land Development Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives (MOAC), Thailand

5.2 Apoio financeiro/material concedido aos usuários da terra

Os usuários da terra receberam apoio financeiro/material para a implementação de tecnologia/tecnologias?

Sim

Caso afirmativo, especifique tipo(s) de apoio, condições e fornecedor(es):

Assistant in kind, labour cost and seedling supply.

5.3 Subsídios para entradas específicas (incluindo mão-de-obra)

• Mão-de-obra

• Agrícola

Se a mão-de-obra pelos usuários da terra foi uma entrada substancial, isso foi:

• Voluntário

Comentários:

Voluntary labour from land user for planting and maintenance has been calculated as labour cost even though LDD did not pay for the labour.

5.4 Crédito

Foi concedido crédito segundo a abordagem para atividades de GST?

Não

5.5 Outros incentivos ou instrumentos

Foram utilizados outros incentivos ou instrumentos para promover a implementação das tecnologias de GST?

Sim

Caso afirmativo, especifique:

1. The policy of Siam Forestry Co., Ltd. to expand the planting area as a source of raw materials for industry and organize a market in the area.
2. This technology encourages farmers to easily access their capital sources such as Bank for Agriculture and Agricultural Cooperatives, LDD will send work plan and names of the land users to the bank.

6.1 Impactos da abordagem

6.2 Principal motivação dos usuários da terra para implementar a GST

6.3 Atividades de sustentabilidade de abordagem

Os usuários da terra podem manter o que foi implementado através da abordagem (sem apoio externo)?

• Sim

Caso afirmativo, descreva como:

Farmers have a better understanding and positive attitude of planting Eucalyptus. Moreover, they have income from Eucalyptus logs at a definite market for Eucalyptus.

6.4 Pontos fortes/vantagens da abordagem

Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do usuário da terra
Community volunteer on soil and community leader are the coordinator in the area.
Farmers access to markets and sources of Eucalyptus seedlings easily.
LDD officers have continually surveyed and followed up in the area.
Distribute seedling for free of charge.
Good marketing for the purchase and sale in the area.

Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do/a compilador/a ou de outra pessoa capacitada
A supported technique created to develop technology to suit landscape in the Northeast area.
Planting Eucalyptus knowledge was provided incessantly by Land Development Department and Siam Forestry Co., Ltd.
Siam Forestry Co., Ltd. develop marketing covering the Northeast region.
A demonstrated plot established in the area.

6.5 Pontos fracos, desvantagens da tecnologia e formas de superá-los

Pontos fracos/desvantagens/riscos na visão do usuário da terra	Como eles podem ser superados?
The LDD officers do not visit whenever the land user need help.	The officers need to contact the land user and give advice more often.
More birds and rats attack rice yield.	Set up crow scare, some farmers eat birds and rats.

Pontos fracos/vantagens/riscos na visão do/a compilador/a ou de outra pessoa capacitada	Como eles podem ser superados?
Farmers planted closer spacing of 1 meter for demanding of more wood product, regardless of the adverse effect on rice.	Clearly illustrate the adverse effect of closer spacing of plants.
Income from logs is considered too low.	Changing crops such as olives, figs, dates, pomegranate, etc.

7.1 Métodos/fontes de informação

7.2 Referências às publicações disponíveis

Título, autor, ano, ISBN:

Land Development Department

Disponível de onde? Custos?

http://www.ldd.go.th/

7.3 Links para informação relevante que está disponível online

Título/ descrição:

Planting Eucalyptus on rice bunds: Better way for the Northeast farmers

URL:

http://www.ldd.go.th/

Título/ descrição:

Eucalyptus : New opportunity by Siam Forestry

URL:

http://www.scgpackaging.com/others/forestry/eucalyptus/TH