1.2 Detalhes do contato das pessoas capacitadas e instituições envolvidas na avaliação e documentação da tecnologia

1.3 Condições em relação ao uso da informação documentada através de WOCAT

Quando os dados foram compilados (no campo)?

27/09/2002

O/a compilador/a e a(s) pessoa(s) capacitada(s) aceitam as condições relativas ao uso de dados documentados através da WOCAT:

Sim

1.5 Referência ao(s) questionário(s) sobre as abordagens da GST

2.1 Descrição curta da tecnologia

Definição da tecnologia:

Regeneration of degraded hill side using structural, vegetative & managerial measures.

2.2 Descrição detalhada da tecnologia

Descrição:

Managerial Measures : awareness generation amongst community, users groups, area closure, cut & carry system; Structural Measures :- contour trenches, gully plugs, sunken structure for run off and erosion control; Vegetative Measures :- seeding of grasses and shrubs, plantation of dryland fruit & forest tree species, vegetative barriers across slopes & gullies.

Purpose of the Technology: Short term benefits :- increased fodder availability, increase in well water levels, increased soil moisture in foot hill crop lands; Long term benefits :- environmental regeneration leading to increased production from non-arable & surrounding arable lands.

2.3 Fotos da tecnologia

2.5 País/região/locais onde a tecnologia foi aplicada e que estão cobertos nesta avaliação

2.6 Data da implementação

Caso o ano exato seja desconhecido, indique a data aproximada:

• menos de 10 anos atrás (recentemente)

2.7 Introdução da tecnologia

Especifique como a tecnologia foi introduzida:

• através de projetos/intervenções externas

Comentários (tipos de projeto, etc.):

Learning from visits to successful watershed development projects.

3.1 Principal/principais finalidade(s) da tecnologia

• Melhora a produção
• Reduz, previne, recupera a degradação do solo

3.2 Tipo(s) atualizado(s) de uso da terra onde a tecnologia foi aplicada

Comentários:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Grass land :- Degradation due to over grazing; Crop Land :- Low yeilds due to erosion, low soil moisture, improper cultivation practices on sloping lands.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Low yields of grass and crops

3.3 Mais informações sobre o uso da terra

Abastecimento de água para a terra na qual a tecnologia é aplicada:

• Precipitação natural

Comentários:

Water supply: Also mixed rainfed - irrigated

Número de estações de cultivo por ano:

• 2

Especifique:

Longest growing period in days: 120 Longest growing period from month to month: Jun - Oct Second longest growing period in days: 120 Second longest growing period from month to month: Nov - Mar

3.4 Grupo de GST ao qual pertence a tecnologia

• Reserva ( suspensão do uso, apoio à recuperação)
• Medidas de curva de nível
• Gestão de água de superfície (nascente, rio, lagos, mar)

3.5 Difusão da tecnologia

Especifique a difusão da tecnologia:

• Uniformemente difundida numa área

Caso a tecnologia seja uniformemente difundida numa área, indique a área coberta aproximada:

• 10-100 km2

Comentários:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 79.33 m2.

The project area comprises 26 villages (2286 HH) mainly tribal. A significant portion of the area is uncultivable waste which is used for open grazing. The technology "Silvi-Pasture" was implemented in few villages to demonstrate an integrated system of SWC and production.

3.7 Principais tipos de degradação da terra abordados pela tecnologia

Comentários:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wg: gully erosion / gullying, Ha: aridification

Main causes of degradation: other human induced causes (specify) (Social causes - Lack of awareness and mobilisation amongst the communities.), Top down approach (Macro planning rather than micro (village level) planning.)

4.1 Desenho técnico da tecnologia

4.2 Especificações técnicas/ explicações do desenho técnico

Technical Drawing of SWC technology area, Tikhipada

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate

Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate

Main technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: retain / trap

Secondary technical functions: control of raindrop splash, control of concentrated runoff: retain / trap, control of concentrated runoff: impede / retard

Trees/ shrubs species: Jatropha, Salai, Neem, Lantana

Fruit trees / shrubs species: Awla (goose berry)

Grass species: Stylo Hemata, Dicanthus(Dinanath)

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 35.00%

Construction material (earth): Excavation of earth for trenches/ditchs/pans

Construction material (stone): Stone plugs in gullies

Construction material (other): Vegetative support to stone plugs & ditches

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 35%

Vegetation is used for stabilisation of structures.

Change of land use type: land use planning - Silvi Pasture

Change of land use practices / intensity level: land use change - Area Closure

Control / change of species composition: livestock management - Cut & carry system

Other type of management: Management by community( User Group)

4.3 Informação geral em relação ao cálculo de entradas e custos

Outro/moeda nacional (especifique):

Rupees

Indique a taxa cambial do dólar norte americano para a moeda local (se relevante): 1 USD =:

48,85

4.4 Atividades de implantação

	Atividade	Tipo de medida	Periodicidade
1.	Digging of plantation pit	Vegetativo	Summer
2.	Procurement of seeds, plants	Vegetativo	Before rainy sesion
3.	Sowing of grass & shrub seeds	Vegetativo	Before Ist shower
4.	Planting of saplings	Vegetativo	After Ist heavy shawer
5.	Survey/Layout	Estrutural	April (summer)
6.	Excavation of ditches	Estrutural	May
7.	Transportation of stones to site	Estrutural	May
8.	Construction of sediment/sand trap	Estrutural	May
9.	Excavation of Pan(Doh)	Estrutural	May 2nd year
10.	Discussion with community & exposure visit	Gestão	Feb
11.	Formation of users group, meeting, preparation of action plan	Gestão	March
12.	Establishment of structural measures & training of users group	Gestão	April-Jun
13.	Establishment of vegetative meassures	Gestão	July-Sep.
14.	Area Closure	Gestão	April-Oct.
15.	Harvesting & distribution of grass by users group	Gestão	Oct.-Nov.

4.5 Custos e entradas necessárias para a implantação

Comentários:

Duration of establishment phase: 24 month(s)

4.6 Atividades recorrentes/manutenção

	Atividade	Tipo de medida	Periodicidade/frequência
1.	Weeding , mulching	Vegetativo	2-3 month after planting /Twice in year for Ist 2 year
2.	Watering	Vegetativo	Dry season /During prolonged dry spells
3.	Reseeding of grass/shrubs	Vegetativo	Before Ist shower /Upto 2 years
4.	Casualty replacement	Vegetativo	After Ist heavy shower /Year 1 & II
5.	Repair of breaches in ditches/traps	Estrutural	July-Sep. during mansoon/As required
6.	Construction of additional traps	Estrutural	July-Sep. during mansoon/As required
7.	Desilting of Ditches/traps/Pans	Estrutural	Oct.-Nov. after mansoon/Annually
8.	Refresher training of users group	Gestão	Seasonally /
9.	Regular meeting of users group	Gestão	/ 3 times/year
10.	"Shramdan" ( Voluntary labour by usersfor maintenance)	Gestão

4.7 Custos e entradas necessárias pata a manutenção/atividades recorrentes (por ano)

Comentários:

The treatment covered an area of aroung 10 ha. 1- Contour Trenches - 6000 Rmt. 2- Large Boulder Check - 58 3- Small Boulder Check - 55 4- Dugout - 1 No. 5- Doh - 1 No. Seeding with jatropha, stylo and dinanath. Planting of saplings.

4.8 Fatores mais importantes que afetam os custos

Descreva os fatores mais determinantes que afetam os custos:

1- Slope : - Due to steep slope , interval between contour trench lines was less; 2- Soil Depth : - Due to stony strata, excavation cost was high; 3- Material : - Boulders were transported from outside. 4- Lead/Lift : - Due to steep slope, labour output was less 5- Drought :- Replantation costs were high

5.1 Clima

5.2 Topografia

Comentários e outras especificações sobre a topografia:

Landforms: Hill slopes (ranked 1) and ridges (ranked 2, isolated hillcock)
Slopes on average: Steep (ranked 1, conical Shaped hillock - upper slope > 30%) and hilly (ranked 2, conical Shaped hillock - lower slope < 30%)

5.3 Solos

Caso disponível anexe a descrição completa do solo ou especifique as informações disponíveis, p. ex. tipo de solo, PH/acidez do solo, nitrogênio, capacidade de troca catiônica, salinidade, etc.

Soil depth on average: Very shallow (highly eroded surface, exposed parent rock)
Soil texture: Coarse/light (weathered fragments(Kopra))
Soil fertility: Very low (absence of soil)
Topsoil organic matter: Low (absence of vegetation)
Soil drainage/infiltration: Poor (high runoff from stony surface)
Soil water storage capacity: Very low (high runoff from stony surface)

5.6 Características dos usuários da terra que utilizam a tecnologia

Indique outras características relevantes dos usuários da terra:

Population density: 50-100 persons/km2
18% of the land users are average wealthy (4 H.H.).
59% of the land users are poor (13 H.H.).
23% of the land users are poor (5 H.H.).
Off-farm income specification: Around 10% of the total income is from paid labour/migration

5.8 Propriedade de terra, direitos de uso da terra e de uso da água

Propriedade da terra:

• Comunitário/rural

Direitos do uso da terra:

• Comunitário (organizado)

6.4 Análise do custo-benefício

Como os benefícios se comparam aos custos de implantação (do ponto de vista dos usuários da terra)?

Como os benefícios se comparam aos custos recorrentes/de manutenção(do ponto de vista dos usuários da terra)?

6.5 Adoção da tecnologia

Comentários:

15% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

340 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

Comments on acceptance with external material support: survey results

There is a little trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: Elemets of the technology have been adopted by land users eg. SWC, grass improvement. There is tremendous pressure on grass land due to large number of local cattle & goats, migratory herds of camel & sheeps. Hence spontaneous adoption is not observed since community mobilisation is essential as also efforts for user rights.