1.2 Detalhes do contato das pessoas capacitadas e instituições envolvidas na avaliação e documentação da tecnologia

Nome da(s) instituição(ões) que facilitou(ram) a documentação/ avaliação da Tecnologia (se relevante)

CC-LandStraD - Alemanha

Nome da(s) instituição(ões) que facilitou(ram) a documentação/ avaliação da Tecnologia (se relevante)

Thünen Institute (Thünen Institute) - Alemanha

Nome da(s) instituição(ões) que facilitou(ram) a documentação/ avaliação da Tecnologia (se relevante)

Federal Institute for Research on Building, Urban Affairs and Spatial Development (BBSR) - Alemanha

1.3 Condições em relação ao uso da informação documentada através de WOCAT

Quando os dados foram compilados (no campo)?

28/07/2015

O/a compilador/a e a(s) pessoa(s) capacitada(s) aceitam as condições relativas ao uso de dados documentados através da WOCAT:

Sim

2.1 Descrição curta da tecnologia

Definição da tecnologia:

A scenario simulation of land use change where high-quality inner urban development is promoted, including the rehabilitation of brownfields, reuse of vacant lots, use of gaps between buildings and the improvement of existing structures.

2.2 Descrição detalhada da tecnologia

Descrição:

The best means of reducing land loss by settlement and infrastructure development is through fulfilling inner urban development potential. This “compact settlement development” makes the most efficient use of space. Simultaneously it contributes to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by the maintenance of farmland or forest areas on the outskirts of urban areas. One example is the rehabilitation and utilization of “brownfields”, including previous industrial areas. Another example is redevelopment of transportation infrastructure within settlements or on the urban fringe. However, the revitalization and utilization of brownfields is often expensive. Other aspects of inner urban development are the reuse of vacant lots, the use of spaces between buildings and the improvement of existing building structures by adding extra floors.

Purpose of the Technology: Through these developments, the rate of daily land consumption by settlement and transportation can be reduced. In Germany, such land loss reached 73 ha/day in 2010. According to a survey commissioned by the Federal Office for Building and Regional Planning, 20% of existing brownfields and vacant lots can be brought into use in the short term and another 50% of the total in the long term: 30% cannot be developed for various reasons including disputed tenure. The ambitious aim of the sustainability strategy of the German federal government is to reduce today’s daily land consumption for settlement and transport from the current 73 ha/day to 30 ha/day by 2020. However this appears unrealistic: nevertheless with high-quality inner urban development technology, this could be achieved by 2030. If the technology is planned and implemented through scenario simulation of sectoral land use changes in Germany (agriculture, forest and settlements), then calculations show that the daily land loss by settlement and transport could be reduced from 45 ha/day in a “business as usual” scenario (with some improvements assumed) to 30 ha/per day in 2030 by using high-quality inner urban development measures.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: During re-densification of urban areas sufficient green spaces must be protected to address climate change considerations such as higher temperatures and more runoff. High urban densities lead to an increase in the “heat island effect” (a combination of extensive urban/ suburban landscapes with reduced air circulation, little cloud cover and long periods of high temperature). Thus, the rehabilitation of brownfields has to go along with the transformation of impervious surfaces into permeable ones, and planning of corridors for air exchange by “green and blue climate corridors” (public parks, ponds and rivers). There are several initiatives to establish high quality inner urban development in Germany. These include: 1) “Inner before external” urban development within the Federal Building Law; 2) Many communities operating a brownfields and vacant lots cadastre; 3) General management of urban areas. Nevertheless, the reuse of inner city brownfields often requires considerable and costly remediation of contaminated sites. Due to the ownership issues of vacant lots, many are not easily accessible through municipalities, and this complicates their development. In other cases, available construction areas or buildings are not appropriate to the needs of investors.

2.3 Fotos da tecnologia

2.5 País/região/locais onde a tecnologia foi aplicada e que estão cobertos nesta avaliação

2.6 Data da implementação

Caso o ano exato seja desconhecido, indique a data aproximada:

• menos de 10 anos atrás (recentemente)

2.7 Introdução da tecnologia

Especifique como a tecnologia foi introduzida:

• através de projetos/intervenções externas

Comentários (tipos de projeto, etc.):

The technology documented here is a scenario simulation of land use change and not the realisation of a specific inner urban development project.

3.2 Tipo(s) atualizado(s) de uso da terra onde a tecnologia foi aplicada

Comentários:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Land use for settlement and transport leads to imperviousness, and a reduction of high quality agricultural areas. Sealed surfaces increase runoff during heavy rain events, and high building densities promote the development of urban heat islands.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): In fast-growing regions, high demand requires the supply of additional land for construction.

Future (final) land use (after implementation of SLM Technology): Other: Oo: Other: wastelands, deserts, glaciers, swamps, recreation areas, etc

Type of cropping system and major crops comments: not applicable

Constraints of settlement / urban: Data availability for locations of brownfields, vacant lots and vacancies

Constraints of infrastructure network (roads, railways, pipe lines, power lines): Data availability for locations of brownfields, vacant lots and vacancies

Constraints of recreation: Data availability for locations of brownfields, vacant lots and vacancies

Constraints of brownfields: Data availability for locations of brownfields, vacant lots and vacancies

Caso o uso da terra tenha mudado devido a implementação da tecnologia, indique seu uso anterior à implementação da tecnologia:

Other: Os: Settlements, infrastructure networks

3.3 Mais informações sobre o uso da terra

Número de estações de cultivo por ano:

• 1

3.4 Grupo de GST ao qual pertence a tecnologia

• Compact settlement development

3.5 Difusão da tecnologia

Comentários:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 1590 m2.

Technology is the result of a scenario simulation fow whole Germany but is mapped in the Rhine region as an example.The technology does not document a specific inner urban development project and the region mapped is an example. In some German cities inner urban development is a common land management measure but the amount of current inner-urban development cannot be quantified. The potential is estimated as 120000 to 165000 ha.

3.6 Medidas de GST contendo a tecnologia

Comentários:

Main measures: management measures

3.7 Principais tipos de degradação da terra abordados pela tecnologia

Comentários:

Main type of degradation addressed: Pu: loss of bio-productive function due to other activities

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Pk: sealing and crusting, Bh: loss of habitats, Bq: quantity / biomass decline

Main causes of degradation: urbanisation and infrastructure development

Secondary causes of degradation: population pressure, inputs and infrastructure: (roads, markets, distribution of water points, other, …), governance / institutional

3.8 Redução, prevenção ou recuperação da degradação do solo

Especifique o objetivo da tecnologia em relação a degradação da terra:

• Reduzir a degradação do solo

Comentários:

Main goals: mitigation / reduction of land degradation

4.1 Desenho técnico da tecnologia

4.2 Especificações técnicas/ explicações do desenho técnico

Green and blue structure like parks, trees, alleys (green) and water areas like rivers, canals, ponds and lakes (blue) are relevant issues especially with respect to the climate adaptation

Technical knowledge required for scientific staff: high

Main technical functions: spatial arrangement and diversification of land use, reduces the loss of agricultural land and forests

Change of land use type: Brownfields are converted to settlement area. Agricultural area is conserved.

Change of land use practices / intensity level: Settlement density may increase with inner urban development.

4.4 Atividades de implantação

	Atividade	Tipo de medida	Periodicidade
1.	Data collection	Gestão	Half a year
2.	Implementation into the model and model calibration	Gestão	Half a year
3.	Model runs	Gestão	one month
4.	Evaluation	Gestão	one month
5.	Scenario development	Gestão

4.8 Fatores mais importantes que afetam os custos

Descreva os fatores mais determinantes que afetam os custos:

Measures can be very different in terms of inputs and costs, and depend on the specific situation eg contaminated area of a former petrol station can have very high rehabilitation costs due to the need to detoxify the soil before new use. However other measures cost (effectively) no money at all eg legislation governing the reduction of the distance permitted between two new buildings by the local authorities.

5.1 Clima

5.2 Topografia

Comentários e outras especificações sobre a topografia:

Landforms: plateau / plains, hill slopes, valley floors (Not relevant for technology inner urban development)

5.6 Características dos usuários da terra que utilizam a tecnologia

Indique outras características relevantes dos usuários da terra:

Difference in the involvement of women and men: Technology is not applied by land users. The technology is a scenario simulation, not a specific project of inner urban development.

Population density: 200-500 persons/km2

Annual population growth: < 0.5%

(Technology, which is a scenario simulation is not applied by land users.).

Off-farm income specification: not applicable

5.8 Propriedade de terra, direitos de uso da terra e de uso da água

Direitos do uso da terra:

• Comunitário (organizado)
• Indivíduo

Comentários:

Land ownership: state, company, individual, not titled

6.1 Impactos no local mostrados pela tecnologia

Impactos socioculturais

Impactos ecológicos

Ciclo hídrico/escoamento

Solo

Biodiversidade: vegetação, animais

Clima e redução de riscos de desastre

Outros impactos ecológicos

6.2 Impactos externos mostrados pela tecnologia

6.3 Exposição e sensibilidade da tecnologia às mudanças climáticas graduais e extremos/desastres relacionados ao clima (conforme o ponto de vista dos usuários da terra)

Mudança climática gradual

Mudança climática gradual

	Estação do ano	Tipo de mudança climática/extremo	Como a tecnologia lida com isso?
Temperatura anual		aumento	não bem

Extremos (desastres) relacionados ao clima

Desastres meteorológicos

	Como a tecnologia lida com isso?
Temporal local	não bem
Tempestade de vento local	não conhecido

Desastres climatológicos

	Como a tecnologia lida com isso?
Seca	não conhecido

Desastres hidrológicos

	Como a tecnologia lida com isso?
Inundação geral (rio)	não conhecido

Outras consequências relacionadas ao clima

Outras consequências relacionadas ao clima

	Como a tecnologia lida com isso?
Período de crescimento reduzido	bem
	não conhecido

Comentários:

A more intensive use of urban area through inner urban development leads also to an increase of impervious areas. These can addressed by urban blue and green corridors.

6.5 Adoção da tecnologia

Comentários:

No answer possible, since technology is a scenario simulation.
There is no trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

6.7 Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades da tecnologia

Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do/a compilador/a ou de outra pessoa capacitada
Scenario simulations help to identify hot spots and can indicate regions where inner urban development should be pushed by public institutions. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Inner urban development is profitable if pressure on land is high but needs to be pushed also in regions with less pressure to protect soils, nature and climate.
Inner urban development can have positive impacts on climate adaptation How can they be sustained / enhanced? To reach positive impacts on climate adaptation issues it is necessary to establish green and blue climate corridors (e.g. network of urban greens established or optimized by re-vitalization of brownfields).
Inner urban development can rise the attractiveness of town (greater inner city mobility, compact town) How can they be sustained / enhanced? The technology improves inner-urban area development. For improvements to existing settlement areas, additional building activities (e.g. making buildings taller; concentrating housing) are possible. Side effects are a very concentrated settlement structure but with the advantage of reducing the sprawling out of settlements into agricultural land or wooded areas (i.e. outer development) and this saves GHG emissions and other ecosystem services ESS.

6.8 Pontos fracos, desvantagens/riscos da tecnologia e formas de superá-los

Pontos fracos/vantagens/riscos na visão do/a compilador/a ou de outra pessoa capacitada	Como eles podem ser superados?
Nationwide simulation cannot indicate concrete lots where inner urban development should be pushed.	The technology has shown the potential for Germany as a whole, but implementation depends on local authorities.

7.2 Referências às publicações disponíveis

Título, autor, ano, ISBN:

www.cc-landstrad.de

Título, autor, ano, ISBN:

www.bbsr.bund.de

7.3 Links para informação relevante que está disponível online

Título/ descrição:

www.cc-landstrad.de

Título/ descrição:

www.bbsr.bund.de