1.2 Detalhes do contato das pessoas capacitadas e instituições envolvidas na avaliação e documentação da tecnologia

Nome da(s) instituição(ões) que facilitou(ram) a documentação/ avaliação da Tecnologia (se relevante)

Nome da(s) instituição(ões) que facilitou(ram) a documentação/ avaliação da Tecnologia (se relevante)

1.3 Condições em relação ao uso da informação documentada através de WOCAT

O/a compilador/a e a(s) pessoa(s) capacitada(s) aceitam as condições relativas ao uso de dados documentados através da WOCAT:

Sim

1.4 Declaração de sustentabilidade da tecnologia descrita

A tecnologia descrita aqui é problemática em relação a degradação da terra de forma que não pode ser declarada uma tecnologia de gestão sustentável de terra?

Não

2.1 Descrição curta da tecnologia

Definição da tecnologia:

Is the digging of a farrow measured 0.6 width by 0.6 depth along the contour line and embankment of the excavated soils on the upper side at the slope <2% and upper side at the slope >5% in the banana, beans inter croped fields.

2.2 Descrição detalhada da tecnologia

Descrição:

Contour bund combined with Sessbania sesseban, beans and manure technology in banana production is the digging and excavation of a 60cm wide by 60co deep furrow, plated Sessbania sessban along the contour bund, application of farm yard manures in a 30cm deep by 60 cm wide furrow at 30cm from the banana stool and plating beans in the space between bunds. The technology is applied on Perennial (non-woody) cropping system, supported with rain fed to prevent and mitigate land degradations. The production mode is mixed (subsistence and commercial. The technology impact should be observed on controlled soil erosion by water, reduced declining soil fertility, and increased water infiltration. To implement this technology, a total of US$ 100.41 establishment costs per hectare and US% 1,076.47 maintenance costs per hectare per year according to the introduction of the technology in 2012 By TAMP –Kagera. Small ruminants rearing are the supportive measures of the technology.

Purpose of the Technology: The major purpose of the technology is land degradation prevented in 50 ha, crop and livestock production increased by 10% to contribute on food security and livelihood improvement with a SLM. Technically the technology should control of raindrop splash, control of dispersed runoff: retain / trap, reduction of slope length, stabilisation of soil (eg by tree roots against land slides), increase in organic matter, increase in nutrient availability (supply, recycling) and increase of water infiltration.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: The establishment activities includes:- First, identification and demarcation of contour line done manually using simple tool (A-frame); this is done in May. Second is the digging of a 0.6m width and 0.6m depth furrow, excavation the soils and place them on the upper side (at the smaller slope) and lower side (at the bigger slope) along the contour using chisel hand hoes, fork hand hoes spades and mattock; this is done in June. Third is to drill two rows of Sessbania sesban seeds, spaced 0.3 m between the rows; this is done in late September. Fourth is the thinning of Sessbania sesban seedlings at the average space of 15cm done manually; this is done when the seedling is at the height of. The maintenance activities include; First is to weed the whole field done manually using local made tools (kahosho); this is done twice in January to February and June to August. Second is to apply farm yard manures in the furrow of 0.3 m deep by 0.6m wide cultivated 0.60 m from the banana stool and facing the granddaughter sucker; this is done early July. Third is desuckering and detrushing of banana stools using local made tools (kihosho and rwabyo) and machete; this is done twice (February and September).Fourth is to plant beans done manually using local made tool (kahosho; this is done in March and September. Fifth is the harvesting of beans and hauling done manually; this is done twice (June and early February). Sixth is cleaning of the furrow done manually using spades; this is done twice at the end of rain seasons (January and December). Finally, harvesting of banana and Sessbania sessban is done according to the market demand.

Natural / human environment: The physical environment is characterized of sub humid climatic zone, 750-1000 mm rain falls, 1000-1500 m.a.s.l, hill slopes land form with gentle slope. The soil texture is medium (loam), Soil fertility is medium, topsoil organic matter is medium (1-3%) and soil drainage/infiltration is medium. The soil water storage capacity is medium, ground water table is 5 - 50 m, availability of surface water is medium and water quality is poor drinking water. This technology is tolerant of seasonal rainfall decrease, droughts / dry spells while sensitive to heavy rainfall events (intensities and amount). The land users applying the technology are individual / household, Small scale land users, common / average land users. The Land ownership is communal / village, individual, not titled . The Land use rights is communal (organised), and/or individual. The water use rights is open access (unorganised). The relative level of wealth is categorized as rich, which represents 4% of the land users and own 34% of the total area. The average category, which represents 64% of the land users own 64% of the total area. The poor category, which represents 32% of the
land users owns 2% of the total area.

2.3 Fotos da tecnologia

2.5 País/região/locais onde a tecnologia foi aplicada e que estão cobertos nesta avaliação

País:

República Unida da Tanzânia

Região/Estado/Província:

Tanzania

Especificação adicional de localização:

Bukoba District council

Comentários:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 0.002 km2.
The technology applied in a 0.5 acre as FFS site in the host farmer land one year past. However, the period is too short for adoption process to take place.

Map

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2.6 Data da implementação

Caso o ano exato seja desconhecido, indique a data aproximada:

• menos de 10 anos atrás (recentemente)

2.7 Introdução da tecnologia

Especifique como a tecnologia foi introduzida:

• através de projetos/intervenções externas

Comentários (tipos de projeto, etc.):

The technology introduce by TAMP -Kagera using FFS in 2012.

3.1 Principal/principais finalidade(s) da tecnologia

• Melhora a produção
• Reduz, previne, recupera a degradação do solo
• Criar impacto econômico benéfico

3.2 Tipo(s) atualizado(s) de uso da terra onde a tecnologia foi aplicada

Terra de cultivo

• Cultura anual
• Cultura perene (não lenhosa)
• Cultura de árvores e arbustos

Cultivo anual - Especificar culturas:

• cereais - milho
• Legumes e leguminosas - feijão
• culturas de raízes/tubos - batata doce, inhame, taro/cocoyam, outros

• Sessbania sessban

Cultivo de árvores e arbustos - Especificar culturas:

• abacate
• café, cultivado ao ar livre
• frutos secos (castanhas do Brasil, pistache, nozes, amêndoas, etc.)

Número de estações de cultivo por ano:

• 2

Especifique:

Longest growing period in days: 120, Longest growing period from month to month: September to December Second longest growing period in days: 90 Second longest growing period from month to month: March to May

Comentários:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): The majoe land use problems related to soil, water and vegetation in the area were soil erosion, low water soil infiltration and declining soil nutrients.
Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Moisture stress and low productivity.

3.4 Abastecimento de água

Abastecimento de água para a terra na qual a tecnologia é aplicada:

• Precipitação natural

3.5 Grupo de GST ao qual pertence a tecnologia

• Agrofloresta
• Gestão integrada de fertilidade do solo

3.6 Medidas de GST contendo a tecnologia

Medidas agronômicas

• A1: cobertura vegetal/do solo
• A2: Matéria orgânica/fertilidade do solo

Medidas vegetativas

• V2: gramíneas e plantas herbáceas perenes

Medidas estruturais

• S2: Barragens, bancos

Comentários:

Type of agronomic measures: temporary trashlines, legume inter-planting, manure / compost / residues
Type of vegetative measures: aligned: -contour

3.7 Principais tipos de degradação da terra abordados pela tecnologia

Erosão do solo pela água

• Wt: Perda do solo superficial/erosão de superfície

Deteriorização química do solo

• Cn: declínio de fertilidade e teor reduzido de matéria orgânica (não causado pela erosão)

Comentários:

Main causes of degradation: soil management (Cultivation along the slope), crop management (annual, perennial, tree/shrub) (continous harvesting perennial crops without fertilizing the soil.), change of seasonal rainfall (seasonal rainfall is unpredictable now days.), droughts (The area experienced a drought period averaged 155 days.), population pressure (Increased population resulted presure on land, while the responce is cultivation in marginal lands.), poverty / wealth (Poor farmers can not afford to invest in land conservation due to its nature of longterm investment.), education, access to knowledge and support services (Most of farmers received primary education where land concervation is not taught. Further more there is inadequate staffing of Agriculture advisors.)

3.8 Redução, prevenção ou recuperação da degradação do solo

Especifique o objetivo da tecnologia em relação a degradação da terra:

• Prevenir degradação do solo
• Reduzir a degradação do solo

4.1 Desenho técnico da tecnologia

4.2 Informação geral em relação ao cálculo de entradas e custos

Outro/moeda nacional (especifique):

Tshs

Se for relevante, indique a taxa de câmbio do USD para moeda local (por exemplo, 1 USD = 79,9 Real): 1 USD =:

1700,0

4.3 Atividades de implantação

Comentários:

Lifespan of tools: 5 years

4.4 Custos e entradas necessárias para a implantação

Comentários:

Duration of establishment phase: 15 month(s)

4.5 Atividades recorrentes/manutenção

4.6 Custos e entradas necessárias pata a manutenção/atividades recorrentes (por ano)

Comentários:

The costs were calculated on plant population (banana 1111) per hector as well as length of the bund (sebania spps 6762)

4.7 Fatores mais importantes que afetam os custos

Descreva os fatores mais determinantes que afetam os custos:

The most determinate factor is labour (US$ 308.25/799.92).

5.1 Clima

5.2 Topografia

5.3 Solos

Caso disponível anexe a descrição completa do solo ou especifique as informações disponíveis, p. ex. tipo de solo, PH/acidez do solo, nitrogênio, capacidade de troca catiônica, salinidade, etc.

Soil fertility: Medium and low
Soil drainage/infiltration: Medium
Soil water storage capacity: Medium

5.4 Disponibilidade e qualidade de água

Comentários e outras especificações sobre a qualidade e a quantidade da água:

Availability of surface water: Medium (In dry season all ponds dry of while in rain season some ponds overflows)
Water quality: Poor drinking water (treatement required, surface water during rainy season and ground (spring water) during dry season)

5.5 Biodiversidade

Comentários e outras especificações sobre biodiversidade:

Earthworms, ants, grasshoppers etc.

5.6 Características dos usuários da terra que utilizam a tecnologia

Indique outras características relevantes dos usuários da terra:

Population density: 10-50 persons/km2
Annual population growth: < 0.5%
Relative level of wealth: rich, average, poor

4% of the land users are rich and own 34% of the land.
64% of the land users are average wealthy and own 64% of the land.
32% of the land users are poor and own 2% of the land.

Off-farm income specification: The off-farm income is less than 10% for land users who applied the technology because the opportunity cost of implementing the technology is absconded from off-farm activites.
Market orientation: Mixed (banana, beans and maize are for subsistence and commercial while coffee if for commecial purely)
Level of mechanization: Manual work (using handoes and forkhoess)

5.7 Área média de terrenos utilizados pelos usuários de terrenos que aplicam a Tecnologia

5.8 Propriedade de terra, direitos de uso da terra e de uso da água

Propriedade da terra:

• Comunitário/rural
• Indivíduo, não intitulado

Direitos do uso da terra:

• Comunitário (organizado)
• Indivíduo

Direitos do uso da água:

• Acesso livre (não organizado)

5.9 Acesso a serviços e infraestrutura

6.1 Impactos no local mostrados pela tecnologia

Impactos socioeconômicos

Produção

Renda e custos

Impactos socioculturais

Impactos ecológicos

Ciclo hídrico/escoamento

Solo

Biodiversidade: vegetação, animais

6.2 Impactos externos mostrados pela tecnologia

6.3 Exposição e sensibilidade da tecnologia às mudanças climáticas graduais e extremos/desastres relacionados ao clima (conforme o ponto de vista dos usuários da terra)

Extremos (desastres) relacionados ao clima

Desastres meteorológicos

Desastres climatológicos

Comentários:

The technology is tolerant of seasonal rainfall decrease, droughts / dry spells while sensitive to heavy rainfall events (intensities and amount). In case of sensitivity spillways on bands is considered to be the best modification.

6.4 Análise do custo-benefício

Como os benefícios se comparam aos custos de implantação (do ponto de vista dos usuários da terra)?

Como os benefícios se comparam aos custos recorrentes/de manutenção(do ponto de vista dos usuários da terra)?

Comentários:

The short term returns (annual farm income) is slightly negative compared with establishment costs while the long term returns anticipated being very positive in the long term returns ( cumulative farm income) due to reduced establishment costs.
The short term return is slightly positive compared with maintenance costs while the long-term return is anticipated to be very positive due increased land productivity.

6.5 Adoção da tecnologia

• 1-10%

De todos aqueles que adotaram a Tecnologia, quantos o fizeram espontaneamente, ou seja, sem receber nenhum incentivo/ pagamento material?

• 0-10%

Comentários:

9% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support
13 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support
Comments on acceptance with external material support: 3 participants as host farmer provided with farm inputs during FFS.

13 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support
Comments on spontaneous adoption: No body has adopted, because the technology has been introduce in late 2012.

There is no trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology
Comments on adoption trend: The technology implementation is still young to be adopted.

6.7 Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades da tecnologia

6.8 Pontos fracos, desvantagens/riscos da tecnologia e formas de superá-los

7.1 Métodos/fontes de informação