1.2 Detalhes do contato das pessoas capacitadas e instituições envolvidas na avaliação e documentação da tecnologia

Nome do projeto que facilitou a documentação/avaliação da Tecnologia (se relevante)

Pilot Program for Climate Resilience, Tajikistan (WB / PPCR)

Nome da(s) instituição(ões) que facilitou(ram) a documentação/ avaliação da Tecnologia (se relevante)

CAMP - Central Asian Mountain Partnership (CAMP - Central Asian Mountain Partnership) - Quirguizistão

1.3 Condições em relação ao uso da informação documentada através de WOCAT

O/a compilador/a e a(s) pessoa(s) capacitada(s) aceitam as condições relativas ao uso de dados documentados através da WOCAT:

Sim

1.5 Referência ao(s) questionário(s) sobre abordagens GST (documentado(s) usando WOCAT)

2.1 Descrição curta da tecnologia

Definição da tecnologia:

A brick stove that is built into the existing internal wall, that will heat the two rooms and can be used for cooking.

2.2 Descrição detalhada da tecnologia

Descrição:

The 2-room stove is a brick based structure that filters hot air into a second room, hence maximising the heating potential of the fuel. The basic stove is built of fire bricks, house bricks, cement and coated with a natural mix of straw and mud. It is a traditional concept based upon former soviet stoves, that was modernised and adapted to improve the energy efficiency, and make use of the materials that are available to the people. It is able to burn coal, wood, and tapac, and is designed to reduce the amount of natural resources used to meet the household energy needs.

Purpose of the Technology: The purpose of the 2-room stove is to replace the traditional cast iron pig style of stove, with a more modern and energy efficient stove that can be used effectively for cooking and the heating of two rooms. The 2-room stove is designed to filter the hot air between the rooms and the use the bricks as a thermal sink for heat retention. As most of the houses are made of mud bricks, the heat from the stove will conduct through the walls, which will act as radiators to emit warmth into the room. The 2-room stove also means that cooking activities can be conducted inside the house in a smoke free environment.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: The stove requires basic training in construction by a skilled technician, however after a three day training course the local trades people are able to build their own stoves with limited supervision. The stove is constructed from 45 fire bricks and 400 household bricks, the hot plate and stove doors are bought second hand from the markets, and metal bars are used to reinforce the structure. There are two smoke vents in the wall between the two rooms to allow the smoke to filter its way along the snake like chimney until it vents through the roof. The final structure is coated in straw and mud which acts as an insulation layer.

Natural / human environment: There is a high reliance on natural resources in Shahtuti Bolo. The average family burns several tons of tapac (straw dung mix) and wood each year. The surrounding mountain area is sparsely vegetated and does not even provide enough fuel for the village during the harsh winter months. This is supplemented by buying wood from the neighbouring villages. One tapac weighs one kilo, this is organic matter that can no longer be used for soil enhancement, but for fuel purposes. It is estimated that the 2-room stove will reduce the amount of fuel burnt by 20-40% depending upon the household.

2.3 Fotos da tecnologia

2.5 País/região/locais onde a tecnologia foi aplicada e que estão cobertos nesta avaliação

2.6 Data da implementação

Caso o ano exato seja desconhecido, indique a data aproximada:

• menos de 10 anos atrás (recentemente)

2.7 Introdução da tecnologia

Especifique como a tecnologia foi introduzida:

• através de projetos/intervenções externas

Comentários (tipos de projeto, etc.):

The two room stove is modernisation of a traditional design, therefore the concept is not new to the people.

3.1 Principal/principais finalidade(s) da tecnologia

• reduce energy

3.2 Tipo(s) atualizado(s) de uso da terra onde a tecnologia foi aplicada

Comentários:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): The over exploitation of natural resources that have lead to soil erosion and degradation of the soil structure.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): The land has become increasingly unproductive over the last few decades. There is not enough pasture to feed our animals.

Constraints of settlement / urban

3.5 Grupo de GST ao qual pertence a tecnologia

• Tecnologias de eficiência energética

3.6 Medidas de GST contendo a tecnologia

Comentários:

Main measures: structural measures

3.7 Principais tipos de degradação da terra abordados pela tecnologia

Comentários:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion, Wg: gully erosion / gullying, Wm: mass movements / landslides, Et: loss of topsoil, Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content, Bc: reduction of vegetation cover, Bh: loss of habitats

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Bq: quantity / biomass decline

Main causes of degradation: soil management (Failure to use organic fertilisers), deforestation / removal of natural vegetation (incl. forest fires) (Removal of natural resources to meet local energy needs.), over-exploitation of vegetation for domestic use (as above), overgrazing (Areas became over grazed as productivity declined), disturbance of water cycle (infiltration / runoff) (removal of vegetation leads to increased run off from the mountain slopes.), poverty / wealth (There is a lack of money for investment), labour availability (Two thirds of the households in the village have people working abroad.), war and conflicts (There has been substantial political unrest in the area.)

Secondary causes of degradation: Heavy / extreme rainfall (intensity/amounts) (There is a perception that there are more extreme rainfall events.), population pressure (Popualtion in the area is increasing), education, access to knowledge and support services (Lack of knowledge on good land management.)

3.8 Redução, prevenção ou recuperação da degradação do solo

Especifique o objetivo da tecnologia em relação a degradação da terra:

• Prevenir degradação do solo
• Reduzir a degradação do solo

Comentários:

Main goals: mitigation / reduction of land degradation

Secondary goals: prevention of land degradation

4.1 Desenho técnico da tecnologia

4.2 Informação geral em relação ao cálculo de entradas e custos

Especifique como custos e entradas foram calculados:

• Por unidade de tecnologia

Especifique a moeda utilizada para os cálculos de custo:

• USD

4.3 Atividades de implantação

	Atividade	Periodicidade (estação do ano)
1.	Construction of stove	any
2.	None	None

4.4 Custos e entradas necessárias para a implantação

	Especifique a entrada	Unidade	Quantidade	Custos por unidade	Custos totais por entrada	% dos custos arcados pelos usuários da terra
Mão-de-obra	Construction of stove	Persons/day	6,0	5,333333	32,0	100,0
Equipamento	Tools	pieces	5,0	4,0	20,0
Material de construção	Bricks	bricks	400,0	0,225	90,0
Material de construção	Fire bricks	bricks	45,0	1,4	63,0
Material de construção	Metal bar	bars	5,0	3,4	17,0
Material de construção	Fire cement	cub m	3,0	8,333333	25,0
Material de construção	Ceramic tiles	tiles	24,0	1,0	24,0
Material de construção	Metal cooking plates	plates	1,0	63,0	63,0
Material de construção	Stove doors	doors	2,0	22,5	45,0
Outros	Transports	vans	1,0	50,0	50,0
Custos totais para a implantação da tecnologia					429,0
Custos totais para o estabelecimento da Tecnologia em USD					429,0

Comentários:

Duration of establishment phase: 1 month(s)

4.5 Atividades recorrentes/manutenção

	Atividade	Periodicidade/frequência
1.	Cleaning the stove	annually

4.6 Custos e entradas necessárias pata a manutenção/atividades recorrentes (por ano)

	Especifique a entrada	Unidade	Quantidade	Custos por unidade	Custos totais por entrada	% dos custos arcados pelos usuários da terra
Mão-de-obra	Cleaning the stove	Persons/day	1,0	4,0	4,0	100,0
Custos totais para a manutenção da tecnologia					4,0
Custos totais de manutenção da Tecnologia em USD					4,0

Comentários:

The costs are based upon 2011 prices and are based on constructing only one stove.

4.7 Fatores mais importantes que afetam os custos

Descreva os fatores mais determinantes que afetam os custos:

The main cost is the fire bricks. These have to be transported from the capital. However, in some regions of Tajikistan, materials are available from stoves that were constructed several decades ago which could be reused.

5.1 Clima

5.2 Topografia

Indique se a tecnologia é aplicada especificamente em:

• Não relevante

5.3 Solos

Caso disponível anexe a descrição completa do solo ou especifique as informações disponíveis, p. ex. tipo de solo, PH/acidez do solo, nitrogênio, capacidade de troca catiônica, salinidade, etc.

Soil fertility is low - medium

Soil drainage / infiltration is poor

Soil water storage capacity is low-medium

5.4 Disponibilidade e qualidade de água

Comentários e outras especificações sobre a qualidade e a quantidade da água:

Availability of surface water: is good for the village because there is a stream and medium for other areas which have access to te stream.

5.5 Biodiversidade

5.6 Características dos usuários da terra que utilizam a tecnologia

Indique outras características relevantes dos usuários da terra:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly disadvantaged land users

Difference in the involvement of women and men: Training is provided on he construction of the stove. This is only attended by men.

Population density: 50-100 persons/km2

Annual population growth: 2% - 3%

80% of the land users are poor and own 95% of the land.
20% of the land users are poor and own 5% of the land.

Off-farm income specification: 44 out of the 58 households are reliant on remittances from Russia, however all the families have livestock which they buy and sell in the local markets and a small household plot for vegetables.

5.7 Área média de terrenos utilizados pelos usuários de terrenos que aplicam a Tecnologia

5.8 Propriedade de terra, direitos de uso da terra e de uso da água

Propriedade da terra:

• Estado

Direitos do uso da terra:

• Comunitário (organizado)

Comentários:

Four people have the majority of the land user rights in a village of 58.

5.9 Acesso a serviços e infraestrutura

6.1 Impactos no local mostrados pela tecnologia

Impactos socioeconômicos

Produção

Renda e custos

Outros impactos socioeconômicos

Impactos socioculturais

Impactos ecológicos

Solo

Biodiversidade: vegetação, animais

6.3 Exposição e sensibilidade da tecnologia às mudanças climáticas graduais e extremos/desastres relacionados ao clima (conforme o ponto de vista dos usuários da terra)

Mudança climática gradual

Mudança climática gradual

	Estação do ano	aumento ou diminuição	Como a tecnologia lida com isso?
Temperatura anual		aumento	bem

Extremos (desastres) relacionados ao clima

Desastres meteorológicos

	Como a tecnologia lida com isso?
Temporal local	bem
Tempestade de vento local	bem

Desastres climatológicos

	Como a tecnologia lida com isso?
Seca	bem

Desastres hidrológicos

	Como a tecnologia lida com isso?
Inundação geral (rio)	bem

Outras consequências relacionadas ao clima

Outras consequências relacionadas ao clima

	Como a tecnologia lida com isso?
Período de crescimento reduzido	bem

Comentários:

The stove is able to take other fuel sources in the event that natural resources are not available.

6.4 Análise do custo-benefício

Como os benefícios se comparam aos custos de implantação (do ponto de vista dos usuários da terra)?

Como os benefícios se comparam aos custos recorrentes/de manutenção(do ponto de vista dos usuários da terra)?

Comentários:

There is a high initial outlay in the building materials and labour costs, but once the two room stove is constructed it only requires annual cleaning which can be done via hatches already included in the design.

6.5 Adoção da tecnologia

• 1-10%

Se disponível, determine a quantidade (número de unidades familiares e/ou área abordada):

10 households in an area of 0.1 - 1 km2 (ca. 596 habitants)

De todos aqueles que adotaram a Tecnologia, quantos o fizeram espontaneamente, ou seja, sem receber nenhum incentivo/ pagamento material?

• 0-10%

Comentários:

100% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

Comments on acceptance with external material support: All land users given support have constructed a stove. The project will build a further 11 stoves in the local district for the most vulnerable families.

There is no trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: To early in the project to say, but several memebers of the community are trained to build the stove.

6.7 Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades da tecnologia

Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do usuário da terra
It keep the house warm and for longer. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Thermal insulation techniques and energy efficiency training may support reduced fuel use.
I do not have to cook outside in the winter months.
It is easy to clean.

Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do/a compilador/a ou de outra pessoa capacitada
It improved the household heating system dramatically, as the previous cast iron stove does not retain the heat after the fire dies. How can they be sustained / enhanced? The room could be insulated using traditional techniques or modern materials that are starting to appear on the market.
The brick design will retain the heat for several hours and will heat two rooms. How can they be sustained / enhanced? Doors and windows in the rooms could be sealed to prevent drafts.
The stove will last for 25yrs with minimal maintenance. How can they be sustained / enhanced? If the stove became popular a small brick making factory could be established.

6.8 Pontos fracos, desvantagens/riscos da tecnologia e formas de superá-los

Pontos fracos/desvantagens/riscos na visão do usuário da terra	Como eles podem ser superados?
It is expensive, and I need an expert to help me.	Remittances could be used to fund the initial set up costs.

Pontos fracos/vantagens/riscos na visão do/a compilador/a ou de outra pessoa capacitada	Como eles podem ser superados?
There is a high initial investment that has required project funding.	Collective building of the stoves will reduce the cost. Micro-finance loans could be made available to help cover the initial costs.
The stove requires technical training in its construction.	A booklet could be produced to support self building of the stoves.

7.1 Métodos/fontes de informação