1.2 Detalhes do contato das pessoas capacitadas e instituições envolvidas na avaliação e documentação da tecnologia

1.3 Condições em relação ao uso da informação documentada através de WOCAT

Quando os dados foram compilados (no campo)?

02/06/2014

O/a compilador/a e a(s) pessoa(s) capacitada(s) aceitam as condições relativas ao uso de dados documentados através da WOCAT:

Sim

1.4 Declaração de sustentabilidade da tecnologia descrita

A tecnologia descrita aqui é problemática em relação a degradação da terra de forma que não pode ser declarada uma tecnologia de gestão sustentável de terra?

Não

2.1 Descrição curta da tecnologia

Definição da tecnologia:

Various environmentally-friendly rural practices have been developed and applied in vineyards and orchards. These included contour tillage, strip cropping and buffer strips, as well as barriers to impede runoff made from straw and brushwood etc. There are also forest belts, channels for water retention and discharge, dams, and grassed waterways; trees are planted on land affected by landslides and soil erosion.

2.2 Descrição detalhada da tecnologia

Descrição:

Tartaul de Salcie belongs to the Pri-Danube steppe pedologic region: clay-sandy carbonated chernozem is predominant. Widespread erosion leads to compaction of upper horizons. There is a danger of soil alcalization if irrigated.The landscape is hilly, and very fragmented with a dense network of valleys. Almost 85% of the land is situated on slopes. The climate is moderately continental: the summers are warm and long, and the winters are mild and dry. Annual rainfall ranges around 500 millimetres; long dry spells are not unusual. The sources of income are crops, mainly grapes and walnuts for sale. Vegetables are also grown - for home consumption. People also have cattle and sheep, mainly for consumption. Plots are about 2 to 4 hectares per household, with title deeds and land maps to prove it. The main problem relates to registration and legalization of sale or inheritance of land which is bureaucratized and expensive. Incomes depend closely on the amount of precipitation, and also on market access and prices, but on average, per capita, it is 38 US dollars per month.
Various environmentally-friendly rural practices have been developed and applied in vineyards and orchards. These included contour tillage, strip cropping and buffer strips, as well as barriers to impede runoff made from straw and brushwood etc. Integrated plant protection is carried out, reducing soil and water pollution. There are also forest belts, and trees are planted on land affected by landslides and soil erosion. Cleaning of natural springs is carried out, and their protection is ensured. Forest species trees are planted around homes - and cleaning within around the village is practiced.

2.3 Fotos da tecnologia

2.4 Vídeos da tecnologia

2.5 País/região/locais onde a tecnologia foi aplicada e que estão cobertos nesta avaliação

2.6 Data da implementação

Indique o ano de implementação:

2000

Caso o ano exato seja desconhecido, indique a data aproximada:

• 10-50 anos atrás

2.7 Introdução da tecnologia

Especifique como a tecnologia foi introduzida:

• durante experiências/ pesquisa
• através de projetos/intervenções externas

3.1 Principal/principais finalidade(s) da tecnologia

• Reduz, previne, recupera a degradação do solo
• Preserva ecossistema
• Protege uma bacia/zonas a jusante – em combinação com outra tecnologia
• Preservar/melhorar a biodiversidade
• Reduzir riscos de desastre
• Adaptar a mudanças climáticas/extremos e seus impactos
• Atenuar a mudanças climáticas e seus impactos

3.2 Tipo(s) atualizado(s) de uso da terra onde a tecnologia foi aplicada

3.3 Mais informações sobre o uso da terra

Abastecimento de água para a terra na qual a tecnologia é aplicada:

• Precipitação natural

Número de estações de cultivo por ano:

• 1

3.4 Grupo de GST ao qual pertence a tecnologia

• Agrofloresta
• sistema rotativo (rotação de culturas, pousios, cultivo itinerante)
• Medidas de curva de nível

3.5 Difusão da tecnologia

Especifique a difusão da tecnologia:

• Uniformemente difundida numa área

Caso a tecnologia seja uniformemente difundida numa área, indique a área coberta aproximada:

• 100-1.000 km2

3.6 Medidas de GST contendo a tecnologia

Comentários:

- Control of runoff
- Maintain/ increase soil fertility
- Increase/maintain water stored in soil

3.7 Principais tipos de degradação da terra abordados pela tecnologia

3.8 Redução, prevenção ou recuperação da degradação do solo

Especifique o objetivo da tecnologia em relação a degradação da terra:

• Reduzir a degradação do solo
• Recuperar/reabilitar solo severamente degradado

4.4 Atividades de implantação

	Atividade	Tipo de medida	Periodicidade
1.	Development of environmentally friendly rural practices	Vegetativo	After harvest of crops
2.	Public awareness and education	Vegetativo	In winter when farmers have time and during vegetative period - to show the results of the measures
3.	Monitoring and evaluation	Vegetativo	After rainfall and strong winds
4.	Combine income generation with land management	Vegetativo	During establishment and maintenance
5.	Give up unproductive land use practices	Vegetativo	When farmers are convinced about efficiency of tested practices
6.	Development of environmentally friendly rural practices	Agronômico	After harvest of crops
7.	Public awareness and education	Agronômico	In winter when farmers have time and during vegetative period - to show the results of the actions
8.	Monitoring and evaluation	Agronômico	After rainfall and strong winds
9.	Combine income generation with land management	Agronômico	During implementation
10.	Give up unproductive land use practices	Agronômico	When farmers are convinced about efficiency of tested practices

Comentários:

Similar activities are performed for structural and management measures

4.5 Custos e entradas necessárias para a implantação

Se o usuário da terra arca com menos que 100% dos custos, indique quem cobre os custos remanescentes:

The project Sustainable Agriculture financed by the Dutch Foundations CORDAID AND NOVIB

5.1 Clima

5.2 Topografia

Indique se a tecnologia é aplicada especificamente em:

• Não relevante

Comentários e outras especificações sobre a topografia:

The landscape is hilly, very fragmented with a dense network of valleys. Almost 85% of the land is situated on slopes. About 60% of the land has a gradient from 2 to 6 degree, while 25% of land has an inclination exceeding 6 degrees. Water erosion processes are widespread and quite intense. The predominant length of the hillsides in Tartaul de Salcie is over 1000 m.

5.3 Solos

Caso disponível anexe a descrição completa do solo ou especifique as informações disponíveis, p. ex. tipo de solo, PH/acidez do solo, nitrogênio, capacidade de troca catiônica, salinidade, etc.

Tartaul de Salcie belongs to the Pri-Danube steppe pedologic region. Clay-sandy carbonated chernozem is predominant on the territory of the village.The intensification of the erosion process leads to compaction of the upper horizons. The drainage porosity is high in the weakly and moderately eroded soils, and medium in heavily eroded soils. There is a large impact of erosion on penetrability. There is a danger of soil alkalization if irrigated

5.4 Disponibilidade e qualidade de água

A salinidade da água é um problema?

Sim

Especifique:

Water mineralization is high: 1 mg/l

Ocorre inundação da área?

Sim

Regularidade:

Esporadicamente

5.5 Biodiversidade

5.6 Características dos usuários da terra que utilizam a tecnologia

Indique outras características relevantes dos usuários da terra:

The sources of income are agricultural crops, mainly grapes and walnuts for sale, but also vegetables for home consumption. People also have cattle and sheep in their households, mainly for own consumption and some extra for sale.|
People in the community have land plots of about 2 to 4 hectares per household - which belongs to them - and they have title deeds and land maps to prove it. The main problem relates to registration and legalization of sale or inheritance of land which is bureaucratized and expensive. The principal landowner in the village is the association of shareholders “TarSalAgro”.
Income in the area depends much on the amount of precipitation and also on market access and prices, but on the average for the last 3 years the estimated income per capita per month was 38 US dollars.

5.7 Média da área de terra própria ou arrendada por usuários da terra que utilizam a tecnologia

5.8 Propriedade de terra, direitos de uso da terra e de uso da água

Propriedade da terra:

• Empresa
• Comunitário/rural

Direitos do uso da terra:

• Comunitário (organizado)
• Indivíduo

Direitos do uso da água:

• Comunitário (organizado)
• Indivíduo

5.9 Acesso a serviços e infraestrutura

6.1 Impactos no local mostrados pela tecnologia

Impactos socioeconômicos

Produção

Impactos socioculturais

Impactos ecológicos

Ciclo hídrico/escoamento

Solo

Biodiversidade: vegetação, animais

6.2 Impactos externos mostrados pela tecnologia

Comentários relativos à avaliação de impacto:

While illegal cutting of trees still occurs, people started planting forest species of trees on all spare spaces in the village, which has improved the environment and compensates for earlier loss through tree cutting without replacement planting. |
Community cohesion has improved. People became less isolated through participation in meetings, training events, they exchange opinions more frequently and assist each other. |
Productivity is paramount, since it guarantees future income. For the soil to be productive for many years ahead, sustainable technologies were proposed and implemented. Thus, while the crops have not increased much, the replacement of mineral nutrients with manure diminished expenditures and needs. Changes included a cleaner community area and cleaner households, better use of existing resources, and more attention to hygiene.

6.3 Exposição e sensibilidade da tecnologia às mudanças climáticas graduais e extremos/desastres relacionados ao clima (conforme o ponto de vista dos usuários da terra)

Comentários:

Environmentally friendly rural practices implemented in Tartaul de Salcie improved soil properties, water quality, restored forests, planted forest belts, i.e. they create very good conditions for the development of agricultural biodiversity and wild biodiversity in farming landscapes. |
Environmentally friendly rural practices are one of the main sinks of carbon dioxide. Thus, they have a positively impact on climate change mitigation. |
Environmentally friendly rural practices are in harmony with nature and they positively impact on climate change adaptation.

6.4 Análise do custo-benefício

Como os benefícios se comparam aos custos de implantação (do ponto de vista dos usuários da terra)?

Como os benefícios se comparam aos custos recorrentes/de manutenção(do ponto de vista dos usuários da terra)?

6.5 Adoção da tecnologia

• 1-10%

Se disponível, determine a quantidade (número de unidades familiares e/ou área abordada):

The area covered is over 1000 ha

Entre todos aqueles que adotaram a tecnologia, quantos adotaram espontaneamente, ou seja, sem receber nenhum incentivo material/pagamentos?

• 10-50%

6.6 Adaptação

A tecnologia foi recentemente modificada para adaptar-se as condições variáveis?

Não

6.7 Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades da tecnologia

Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do usuário da terra
Reduce soil loss and runoff from the slopes
The project used local knowledge and people are happy that their ideas are implemented in their own village.
Almost all village the population was involved to some extent in the development and implementation of activities, and they are proud that their village has become better than others, and outsiders come and learn how to improve their own situation.

Pontos fortes/vantagens/oportunidades na visão do/a compilador/a ou de outra pessoa capacitada
Show sincere interest in people's life and their problems. Seek expertise among wise village people and encourage them to share it. Accept people as they are and provide assistance for their growth
Teach people to save and plan. Advise them that wise investment always pays off. Teach them to invest more in things they treasure most (family, health, land, local forests, etc.).
Try out and experiment with new things on a small scale, so that failure does not affect income significantly.

6.8 Pontos fracos, desvantagens/riscos da tecnologia e formas de superá-los

Pontos fracos/desvantagens/riscos na visão do usuário da terra	Como eles podem ser superados?
Difficulty to cover maintenance costs after end of project	Possibility to apply for additional funding to National Environmental Fund and to motivate the private sector to cover better the respective expenses.
Lack of interest of new LPA to continue to implement the SLM practices on communal land.	Awareness building workshops with farmers who implement SLM practices.
Lack of substantial difference in profit.	Although there is a small difference in the short term, nevertheless the soil quality and water storage capacity will be improved, and as a result, the yields and profits will be increased in the long term.

7.1 Métodos/fontes de informação

7.2 Referências às publicações disponíveis

Título, autor, ano, ISBN:

Making a Difference. Secretariat of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD)

Disponível de onde? Custos?

http://www.recoveryplatform.org/assets/submissions/200909020934_recovery_from_desertification.pdf

Título, autor, ano, ISBN:

Elena Bivol, Valentin Ciubotaru. Farmer’s Book (Cartea fermierului)/ NGO BIOS, Chisinau, 2005, 264 p. ISBN: 978-9975-9901-4-1

Disponível de onde? Custos?

NGO BIOS. 72/3 Columna str. # 3, Chisinau, MD-2001, Republic of Moldova