Village meeting with SWC specialist

PARTICIPATORY APPROACH IN IDCWDP, DANIDA (Индия)

Описание

Participatory approach for holistic and intigrated development of the defined area on watershed basis involving all level of stake holders.

Aims / objectives: Long term - Establish suitable and locally acceptable land use system which are sustainable and ecologically sound.The land use system should enable the poor rural community to improve their living condition and tsupply of food, fuel and fodder and other essentials, without exposing the natural resources to harmful stress. Intermediate Objective- Preserve the resource base by introducing improvemnets which are feasible, effective and attractive to the target groups in the area by combining elements of soil conservation, crop production, horticulture, animal husbandary and tree planting in such a way that sustaibale use is made of every niche of land within the watershed.

Methods: (1) Mobilization of community by NGO/ GO people through meetings. (2) Demonstration at the field level. (3) Organizing farmers field day. (4) Exposure visit to the watershed area. (5) Training. (6) Land development activities,

Stages of implementation: (1) Socio economic survey. (2) Participatory Rural Apprisal (PRA). (3) Preparation of participatory annual action plan with the community and village and watershed committee. (4) Consolidation of annual action plan by project management unit and circulation for comments to WDCU, DSC(O). (5) Approval of annual action plan by the state level project empowered committee and sanction of funds. (6) Implementation through community and mobilisation for labour contribution by the community (if such component are there). (7) Training at the field level. (8) Organizing monitoring by the community/ Specialist.

Role of stakeholders: NGO (Field Organizers)- Organizing village meeting and mobilization of community towards different activities and labour contribution organising PRA, meeting, group discussion, survey, formation of committee, preparation of AAP. Villagers:- Attendance of meeting, selection of beneficiaries from the target group and sites for different activities. Monitoring and implementation (Physical) of the activity. Youth facilitator:- The village youth facilitators played a key role through out the process of planning, implementation and monitoring and to solve the problems in case arises at any stage of the work. The village yourth facilitator acted as the link person between the community and the project. SWC (From Project management Unit) - Supervision, training to the SWC specialist, communicate new technology to the community. Beneficiaries:- Implementation, contribution of labour selection of his own land for SWC technology, monitoring, receive training, training before/during/afteer care.

Other important information: Government and NGO collaborately played a vital role to bring all level of stak holders to a common forum of participation.

Местоположение

Местоположение: Orissa, Индия

Географическая привязка выбранных участков
  • 82.234, 18.475

Дата ввода в действие: н/п

Дата завершения: 2003

Тип Подхода
Map indicating the districts like Koraput and Malkangiri where the SWC approach has been implemented.
Village meeting with SWC specialist

Цели подхода и благоприятные условия для его реализации

Главные цели/ задачи Подхода
The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (Live stock development, SHG formation, management group, development of local committee, income generating, identification of 10 poorest and support for upliftment, training, women empowerment)

Long term - Establish suitable and locally acceptable land use system which are sustainable and ecologically sound. The land use system should enable the poor rural community to improve their living condition and tsupply of food, fuel and fodder and other essentials, without exposing the natural resources to harmful stress. Intermediate Objective- Preserve the resource base by introducing improvemnets which are feasible, effective and attractive to the target groups in the area by combining elements of soil conservation, crop production, horticulture, animal husbandary and tree planting in such a way that sustaibale use is made of every niche of land within the watershed. -Ease the pressure on non arable lands by increasing the productivity of land which is suitable for more intensive use which is suitable for more intesive use without risk of loss in soil fertility. -Provide marginal farmers and landless people with assests which yield essentials or generate income possibilities. Immediate: Relevant authorities will identify, plan for implement and monitor proper conservation measures and land use system acceptable and in cooperation with the people in the project area of Koraput and Malkangiri districts. Thereby increase production of agricultural and other rural products and improve gainful, empowerment opportunity for men and women among landless , small and marginal farmers.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: (1) Both the project districts like Koraput & Malkangiri are among the most poor, backward with 90% of the house hold are below the official poverty line. Literacy rate is just above 10%. (2) The dry land farming is predeminant activity. (3) The soil in the districts suffer from severe land degradation and erosion problems needing protectin and preservation measures.
Условия, содействующие применению Технологии/ Технологий в рамках Подхода
Условия, затрудняющие применение Технологии/ Технологий в рамках Подхода
  • Социальные/ культурные/ религиозные нормы и ценности: (1) No faith on Govt. people. (2) Practice on not participapting in any Govt. programme. (3) No women participation in any common gathering. (4) Dominance of influencial persons in the villages. (5) No participation of poors in any developmental work. Treatment through the SLM Approach: (1) Repeated meeting by Govt. and NGO staff (2) Greter importance to the poorer section through out the process. (3) Identification of 10 poorest family in each village (4) Engagement of Lady organizer to oroganize the women of the respective area. (5) Fo
  • Наличие/ доступность финансовых ресурсов и услуг: Irregular flow of fund by the sanction authority which hampered the season based activities.(2)Achieve the targetted amount of contribution for different activities from the community. Treatment through the SLM Approach: The irregular funds flow continued till end of the programme.But regarding contribution component it was reduced from the 50% to20% in amount at the policy level which could be achieved by community mobilisation through NGO who were associated as the proj
  • Нормативно-правовая база (землевладение, права на земле- и водопользование): The existing land ownership, land use rights / water rights hindered a little the approach implementation Due to ignorance of the people, initially it was difficult to take up any activity in farmers land since the apprehensive of loss of llllland by the Govt. Staff was existing in the mind of land users.

Участие и распределение ролей заинтересованных сторон

Заинтересованные стороны, участвующие в реализации Подхода, и их роли
Какие заинтересованные стороны/ организации-исполнители участвовали в реализации Подхода? Перечислите заинтересованные стороны Опишите роли заинтересованных сторон
местные землепользователи/ местные сообщества Land less and Small/marginal farmers Work equally divided between men and women (Both men and women work on common land activities, the land users worked combinely and in most of the private activities work done individualy. Though the male and female do all type of work, but due to their usual practice the women participation was very less in the initial period of the project. But due to the presence of the NGO in the project, they could be brought in the main stream of the project and by which many successful women self help group than the male group could be organized. The project has earmarked poor as main target froup. Through NGO they have been encouraged and mobilized to partcipate in project activities. As per the project guide line no land less and the small/ marginal farmers have their representation in the village committee/watershed committee wheremajor decission taken place. During implementation they priority for engegement of labour and income.
общественные организации NGO as project partner
государственные власти (отвечающие за планирование или принятие решений) Ministry of Agriculture, India. (1) Watershed development coordination unit (2) State Agriculture Department (3) Director of Soil Conservation
Участие местных землепользователей/ местных сообществ на разных стадиях реализации Подхода
нет
пассивное
внешняя поддержка
интерактивное
самоорганизация
инициирование/ мотивация
public meetings; General village level meeting organized village committee members selected. Youth facilitator selected. Due to presence of NGO all villagers were mobilized to join in the mainstream of the project.
планирование
All community were associated in planning meeting and PRA . Addl land survey made in association with land users. Need assessment made for each house hold in association with the villagers. Approval of action plan in watershed and village committee.
выполнение
мониторинг/ оценка
At different level of meeting the land users views collected. The watershed committee (consisting of members from all villages) was the main body for monitoring and evaluation of the activities.
Research
on-station; Only for limited activities some soil testing made in the soil research station of the district.
Схема реализации Подхода

Organogram of Indo Danish Comprehensive Development Project, Koraput, Orissa, India

Принятие решений по выбору Технологии УЗП

Решения принимались

  • исключительно землепользователи (по собственной инициативе)
  • в основном землепользователи при поддержке специалистов по УЗП
  • все участники как часть процесса совместных действий
  • преимущественно специалисты по УЗП после консультаций с землепользователями
  • исключительно специалисты по УЗП
  • политики/ руководители

Принятие решений было основано на

  • анализ подробно описанного опыта и знаний по УЗП (принятие решений на основе подтвержденных фактов)
  • результаты исследований
  • личный опыт и мнения (незадокументированные)

Техническая поддержка, повышение компетенций и управление знаниями

Следующие мероприятия или работы являлись частью Подхода
Повышение компетенций/ обучение
Обучение было предоставлено следующим заинтересованным лицам
  • землепользователи
  • местный персонал/консультанты
  • SWC specialists, extensionists/trainers, Local Invitor
Тип обучения
  • в ходе работы
  • обмен опытом между фермерами
  • опытные участки
  • общие собрания
  • курсы
  • Courses and class room training
Рассматриваемые темы

Method of implementation, merits, demerits of the technology, maintenance, socio-economic dimension, exposure visit, management committee formation for sustainability of the technolotgy.

Консультационные услуги
Консультационные услуги были предоставлены
  • на полях землепользователей
  • в постоянно функционирующих центрах
Name of method used for advisory service: Training and exposure visit, demonstration, meeting.; Key elements: Meeting and group discussion., Individual beneficiary interaction., Filed visit and watershed level exihibition.; 1) Advisory service was carried out through: projects own extension structure and agents; Extension staff: mainly government employees 3) Target groups for extension: land users; Activities: Demonstration, exposure visit, training, meeting, group discussion

Advisory service is inadequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; In knowledge it is adequate, but the approach is plicy based. So the continuation can not be guaranted fully.
Институциональная поддержка
Какие институциональные структуры были укреплены или вновь созданы
  • нет
  • да, немного
  • да, умеренно
  • да, существенно
на уровне
  • местные
  • региональный
  • национальный
Опишите организацию, функции и ответственность, членство и т.д.
Тип поддержки
  • финансовая
  • повышение компетенций/ обучение
  • оборудование
Подробнее
Мониторинг и оценка
bio-physical aspects were regular monitored through observationse technical aspects were regular monitored through measurements socio-cultural aspects were regular monitored through observations economic / production aspects were ad hoc monitored through observations area treated aspects were regular monitored through measurements no. of land users involved aspects were regular monitored through measurements management of Approach aspects were regular monitored through measurements There were several changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: (1) Many new activities introduced. (2) More funds diverted to the poverty oriented activities (3) Like income generating activities changes in last norm of NGO operational expenditure to give more priority on community participation. (4) 10 poorest identified were appreciated and suggested for concetration of their socio economic upliftment.
Научные исследования
Научные исследования проводились по следующим темам
  • социология
  • экономика / маркетинг
  • экология
  • технология

Финансирование и внешняя материальная поддержка

Годовой бюджет мероприятий по УЗП в долларах США
  • < 2000
  • 2000-10000
  • 10000-100000
  • 100 000-1 000 000
  • > 1 000 000
Precise annual budget: н/п
Approach costs were met by the following donors: government (national - Salary and other expences of staff): 18.0%; international (DANIDA 13.25): 75.0%; local community / land user(s) (-): 7.0%
Землепользователям были оказаны/предоставлены следующие услуги или меры стимулирования
  • Финансирование и внешняя материальная поддержка, предоставляемая землепользователям
  • Субсидии на отдельные затраты
  • Кредитование
  • Другие методы или инструменты стимулирования
Финансовая/ материальная поддержка, предоставленная землепользователям
профинансированы частично
профинансированы полностью
оборудование: техника

оборудование: техника: инвентарь/ инструменты

сельскохозяйственные: семена

сельскохозяйственные: семена: удобрения

Community infrastructure

Трудозатраты, вложенные землепользователями были

Анализ влияния и заключительные положения

Влияние Подхода
Нет
Да, немного
Да, умеренно
Да, существенно
Сумел ли Подход помочь землепользователям внедрить и поддерживать технологии УЗП?

The importance of low cost oriented appopriate technology of the project attracted to a greater part of the community. The land users have also trainined on implementation of technology like veg.bunding, water hole, V-ditch, excavation of ponds, structure, plantation, cave of natural forest etc.

Сумел ли Подход разрешить правовые проблемы землевладения/ землепользования, препятствующие использованию технологий УЗП?

Due to close association of NGO and strong involvement of Govt. staff at the filed level the problem could be solved.

Did other land users / projects adopt the Approach?

(1) The Govt. of India adopted GO-NGO collaboration in watershed development programme. (2) The district administration adopted like - (a) Low cost technology. (b) Community Participation. (c) Labour contribution in community (d) SHG (e) Exercise of PRA in watershed planning and monitoring.

Основные причины, побуждающие землепользователей внедрять УЗП
  • н/п
Долгосрочная устойчивость мероприятий в рамках Подхода
Могут ли землепользователи самостоятельно (без внешней поддержки) продолжать применение того, что было реализовано в рамках Подхода?
  • нет
  • да
  • нет уверенности

The land users can continue the approach due to following reasons. - Low cost. - Skill transferred to the community - Management committee has been frame. - The farmers have realised the benefit in their own land and demonstration plot. - Registered VDA has established in all the villages for management and financial support to poor land users.

Заключительные положения и извлечённые уроки

Сильные стороны: по мнению землепользователей
  • Community level institutions like VDA, SHGs has been formed.
  • Technology with the skill of implementation has been transferred . Technology with the skill of implementation has been transferred to the community.
  • Two well trained village ficilitators are existing in all the villages who are well on all aspects of the projecttrained.
Сильные стороны: по мнению составителя или ответственных специалистов
  • NGO cooperation (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: The Govt. should take it as a policy.)
  • Registered VDA existed in all the village (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: They should be honour/ recognse and get priority at all official lelvel)
  • SHG (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: All SHG must be tagged with banks and after institutions which has done by the project to a great extent.)
  • Village Facilitator (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: District administration may utilise their services.)
Слабые стороны/ недостатки/ риски: по мнению землепользователейвозможные пути преодоления
Слабые стороны/ недостатки/ риски: по мнению составителя или ответственных специалистоввозможные пути преодоления

Справочные материалы

Составитель
  • Srikanta Kumar Parida
Editors
Рецензент
  • Fabian Ottiger
Продолжительность применения Технологии: 21 января 2009 г.
Последнее обновление: 18 июля 2017 г.
Ответственные специалисты
Полное описание в базе данных ВОКАТ
Связанные данные по УЗП
Документирование осуществлялось при участии
Организация Проект
Ключевые ссылки
  • Plan of Operation (First, Second): Director, Soil Conservation, Orissa
  • Guide line for NWDPRA: Agriculture Depaprtment, Govt. of India
This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareaAlike 4.0 International