Краткое описание Технологии

The best practice is addressed how to generate sustainable livelihoods in the Mongolian herder economy. Sustainable rural livelihoods depend on the sustainability
of economic, social, environmental and institutional factors and investigates whether technical solutions exist to reduce pasture degradation and desertification, such as
restoring proper seasonal movements, resting and other improvements to pastures, can make underused pastureland available via investments in roads and water points,
haymaking and fencing, etc. These techniques and practices are described in detail, and many are shown to contribute positively to pasture health and productivity.|

Местоположение

Zavkhan aimag, Arkhangai aimag, Tov aimag, Selenge aimag, Dundgobi aimag, Dornod aimag, Dornogobi aimag|

Если участок имеет четкие границы, укажите его площадь в гектарах:

5840562.0

Примерная численность населения, живущего в данном месте:

43250.0

Краткое описание природной окружающей среды в месте применения

The 9 aimags located in different regions of Mongolia. The climate in these aimags is continental climate with long, cold winters and short summers, during which most precipitation falls. The country averages 257 cloudless days a year, and it is usually at the center of a region of high atmospheric pressure. Precipitation is highest in the north, which averages 20 to 35 centimeters per year, and lowest in the south, which receives 10 to 20 centimeters. |
The topography of Mongolia consists mainly of a plateau with the elevation ranging from 914 and 1524 m (about 3000 and 5000 ft) broken by mountain ranges in the north and west. The Altai Mountains in the southwest rise to heights above 4267 m (14,000 ft). The Gobi covers a wide arid tract in the central and southeastern areas. The most important rivers are the Selenge Mörön and its tributary, the Orhon Gol, in the north. Large lakes include the Har Us, Hyargas, Uvs, and Hövsgöl.
Soil in Mongolia has been divided into the following:
   1. Black soil is found in Khangai, Khentii, Khovsgol provinces, Mongol Altai and Ih Hyangan Mountain ranges, and the in the Orhon, Selenge, Onon and Ulz river valleys which are in the forest steppe region.
   2. Brown soil is in the forest steppe and steppe region |

Преобладающие социально-экономические условия населения, проживающего в месте применения и/или в окрестностях

Mongolian Land Law adopted in 2002 and Constitution (1992) recognises the state ownership of pastures, forests, and subsoil and water resources, thus making private ownership of these resources impossible.The Law on Land provides rights for ownership, possession, use and limited use. Possession rights may be held by citizens, economic entities and organisations for up to 60 years, with the right to extension for additional periods of 40 years. |
Average income in these aimags is $150 per person.
Main income source is livestock breeding and small crop and vegetable growing.

На основании какого критерия и/или показателя (не относящихся к Стратегии) предложенная практика и соответствующая технология считается передовой?

The approach could play very important role to combat desertification in Mongolia. So the approach considered as the best.

Основные проблемы, которые позволяет решить передовая практика

The herdsman's understanding about the importance of use of the approach-collective actions.

Укажите конкретные проблемы деградации земель, которые решаются благодаря применению передовой практики

The transition to the market economy led to a sharp rise in the number of herders, as well as animals. It leads to overgrazing and Land degradation. The traditional methods to use the pastureland sustainably had lost during the transition period. This is the problems addressed by the practice. |

Укажите цели передовой практики

1. To assist the herder groups in their establishment and further growing
2. To assist local administrations to provide services to the herder groups.

Краткое описание и основные деятельность по каждой цели

Activities are mostly undertaken by Pasture-User Groups with support from their local governments. The project assisted to the local Governments for providing the services.
The project "Green gold" assisted the herders in the areas of the project. During the project implementing period there were established 189 pasture user groups.

Краткое описание и технические характеристики технологии

The establishment and consolidating of Pasture-User groups were carried out with the assistance of local Governments. Establishment of new herder groups and provide trainings for them. The national institutions conducted research activities, studies, and trainings whenever the expertise existed “in-house”, instead on relying systematically on external specialists.|

Название и адрес организации, разработавшей данную технологию

Mongolian Society for Range Management|Ikh toiruu-49,
Bayanzurkh district, 12th microdistrict
Ulaanbatar, Mongolia
Phone: +976 11 70151458
E-mail: dorligsuren@greengold.mn
http://www.msrm.mn

Была ли технология разработана в партнерстве?

Да

Перечислите партнеров:

Green gold project, financed by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation|

Укажите рамки, в пределах которых осуществлялась поддержка технологии

• Национальная инициатива при поддержке неправительственной организации

Способствовало ли разработке технологии участие местных субъектов деятельности, включая организации гражданского общества?

Да

Перечислите местные заинтересованные стороны, участвующие в процессе:

1. Herders and pasture user groups
2. Local governments

Укажите роль субъектов деятельности, перечисленных выше, в проектировании, внедрении, использовании и поддержке технологии, в соответствующем случае

1. The herders groups were involved in test and use of the approaches.
2. Local Governments considered the approaches as a tool to solve the problems and played role to encourage the introducing of the collective actions of the herders' groups.

Принимало ли участие в разработке технологии население, проживающее в месте применения технологии и/или в окрестностях?

Да

Каким образом было организовано участие?

• Методы, обеспечившие активное участие

Опишите результаты воздействия технологии на территории применения (два основных результата воздействия в каждой категории)

The income of herders had increased.
Herders started to cooperate in preparing of fodders, harvesting of grasses, protecting of natural springs etc|
Local Governments services to the herder groups had improved.

Укажите два основных результата воздействия за пределами территории применения (то есть на прилегающей территории)

The local Governments in neighboring aimags started ti interest the establishment of pasture user groups.
Herders in neighboring soums were interested and motivated to establish herders' groups and cooperate.

Воздействие на биоразнообразие и изменение климата

Объясните причины:

It is bit early to talk about the impacts on climate change mitigation.
It is bit early to talk about the impacts on biodiversity.
As result of the climate change the herders face natural disasters such as hard winter or hot summer which influence on their living. So they need to cooperate and make joints actions.

Был ли выполнен анализ "затраты-выгоды"?

Был ли выполнен анализ "затраты-выгоды"?

Нет

Была ли технология внедрена на других участках/ в других местах?

Была ли технология внедрена на других участках/ в других местах? :

Да

Где?

The approach was placed on the web site of MONCAT for public information

Можете ли вы определить три основных условия, которые способствовали успеху представленной передовой практики/технологии?

Due to climate change the herders face challenges i.e severe winter, hot summer. This condition led to the sucessful implementation of the approach.|
As result of the cooperation the herders' income will be increased

Тиражирование

Считаете ли вы, что предложенная вами передовая практика/технология может быть воспроизведена в другой местности, но с некоторой адаптацией?

Да

Имеющий отношение к человеческим ресурсам

In order to successfully introduce the best practice well trained specialists.

Имеющий отношение к финансовым аспектам

In order to facilitate the establishment of the herder groups there should be some kind of funds.