Sustainable livestock and pasture management [Таджикистан]
- Создание:
- Обновить:
- Составитель: Kamolidin Abdulloev
- Редактор: –
- Рецензенты: Farrukh Nazarmavloev, William Critchley, Rima Mekdaschi Studer
Pasture Users Unions
approaches_3713 - Таджикистан
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Развернуть все Свернуть все1. Общая информация
1.2 Контактные данные специалистов и организаций, участвующих в описании и оценке Подхода
Название проекта, содействовавшего документированию/оценке Подхода (если применимо)
Environmental Land Management and Rural Livelihood ProjectНазвание организации (-ий), содействовавших документированию/оценке Подхода (если применимо)
Committee for Environment Protection of Tajikistan (Committee for Environment Protection of Tajikistan) - Таджикистан1.3 Условия, регламентирующие использование собранных ВОКАТ данных
Когда были собраны данные (на местах)?
02/04/2018
Составитель и ответственный/-ые специалист(-ы) согласны с условиями, регламентирующими использование собранных ВОКАТ данных:
Да
1.4 Ссылка (-и) на Анкету (-ы) по Технологиям УЗП
Meadows and pastures [Венгрия]
Permanent meadows or pastures are more effective in controlling land degradation than arable cropping. They are especially appropriate in hilly regions on sloping land where the risk of water erosion is high.
- Составитель: Brigitta Szabó
2. Описание Подхода УЗП
2.1 Краткое описание Подхода
Sustainable livestock and pasture management is implemented through creating Pasture Users Unions (PUU) which design and implement pasture and livestock management plans.
2.2 Подробное описание Подхода
Подробное описание Подхода:
The Government of Tajikistan is implementing a project, funded by the Pilot Program for Climate Resilience (PPCR) and the Global Environment Facility (GEF), with the objective of enabling rural people to build up their productive assets in ways that sustainably improve natural resource management, and build resilience to climate change in selected climate-vulnerable sites. Livestock are an integral part of the agriculture sector, although there has been a shift to more extensive livestock grazing from the intensive livestock farming system practiced before independence. Today, more than 90% of livestock are held in household farms, indicating the importance of livestock to rural livelihoods, and the system is based primarily on grazing, supplemented by limited cultivated fodder crops and minimal use of concentrates.
Pastures comprise about 35% of Tajikistan’s total land area and 80% of its agricultural land - however substantial degradation is taking place. Pasture degradation may be exacerbated by climate change, which is likely to increase variability in water availability and temperature, and may result in local droughts and floods. Properly managed pasture helps control water flows in ways which contribute to mitigating floods and droughts, maintaining soil conservation and fertility, and providing habitats for wild plants and animals. The aim of the activity is to introduce sustainable community-managed pasture/fodder-based livestock production systems in villages in the Faizobod district of jamoat Dustmurod Aliev, situated in the mid-hills of Tajikistan. Approximate membership of the Pasture Users Unions (PUU) is between 50 and 200 households per village depending on size, with between 6 and 10 villages per jamoat. Comprehensive pasture and fodder assessments and evaluation of the feed/fodder balances are carried out, followed by the development of Pasture and Livestock Management Plans (PLMP) for various interventions including; improvement of pasture productivity through rotational grazing, protecting areas for regeneration, pasture rehabilitation, improving access to remote pastures, and supplementary fodder production; animal health requirements and breed improvement measures; infrastructure to access and use remote pastures, such as spot road improvements, and stock watering points. By virtue of the fact that users will welcome this approach in their jamoats, they will be able to manage the broad issues of pasture degradation, animal health and fodder production. Above all it will help farmers to control the balance between livestock and fodder.
2.3 Фотографии, иллюстрирующие Подход
Медиа-галерея
Общие замечания к фотографиям:
Photos shows how the Pasture User Union maintains infrastructure in the pastures, giving them the opportunity to collect enough fodder for the winter time and keeping access open to the most distant pasture lands
2.4 Видеоматериалы по применению Подхода
2.5 Страна/ регион/ место, где применялся Подход
Страна:
Таджикистан
Административная единица (Район/Область):
Faizobod district
Более точная привязка места:
Jamoat Dustmurod Aliev
Map
×2.6 Даты начала и окончания реализации Подхода
Год начала реализации:
2017
Если год начала реализации Подхода достоверно неизвестен, дайте примерную оценку:
менее 10 лет назад (недавняя)
Комментарии:
The project created 8 PUUs (4 in 2015 and 4 in 2016), and facilitated them to prepare Pasture and Livestock Management Plans. Institutions finished the project financed activities but they still continue their work
2.7 Тип Подхода
- в рамках проекта/ программы
2.8 Каковы цели/ задачи Подхода
To help mitigate the effects of climate change on the rural population and slow pasture degradation processes through introducing and demonstrating sustainable pasture/fodder-based livestock production systems;
To support the development of a Pasture and Livestock Management Plan (PLMP) for Pasture User Unions (PUU), in a participatory, inclusive and gender sensitive way: to
- Serve as tool to organize the management of community managed pastures in such a way that it will
increase pasture yields in quantity and quality, without causing land degradation & erosion;
- Serve as a tool to improve livestock management, and;
- Bring the number of livestock in balance with the available fodder;
- Increase animal off-take through better yielding pastures, adoption of improved
feeding practices & improved animal management and through better animal health;
- Increase the income of the rural population from livestock keeping, and;
- Reduce downstream flood risk in mountain areas, due to improved land management.
2.9 Условия содействующие применению Технологии/ Технологий в рамках Подхода или затрудняющие его
Социальные/ культурные/ религиозные нормы и ценности
- содействуют
The land users are livestock keepers thus all the approaches are welcome as it will directly affect them
- затрудняют
Pasture User Unions do not have their own certificated lands under their control
Наличие/ доступность финансовых ресурсов и услуг
- содействуют
As the Pasture Users Unions are equipped with the agriculture tractors and excavators, they process the lands and rehabilitate pasture roads and also bank stabilization works and from all of these activities earn money. The other sources is their membership fees that collect every month from the members.
Институциональные условия
- содействуют
A Pasture Law was passed on 19 March 2013 (Law No 951) that will enable the formation of Pasture User Unions for the joint use and management of pasture resources.
Сотрудничество/ координация действий
- содействуют
The Pasture User Unions collaborate with the local district hukumat and all its departments, non-governmental and donor organisations in the process of implementation of Pasture and Livestock Management Plans. PUU also have very good cooperation with the land users and livestock keepers.
Нормативно-правовая база (землевладение, права на земле- и водопользование)
- содействуют
Pasture User Union of "Sorkho" is established in Faizobod district, registered at jamoat level, and has their charter, stamp and other office equipment and an office.
Программные документы/ руководящие установки
- содействуют
Pasture laws are passed that supports pasture managament activities.
Управление земельными ресурсами (принятие решений, осуществление и контроль за выполнением)
- затрудняют
The main issue that is PUUs haven't ownership of the pasture land.
Осведомленность в области УЗП, доступность технической поддержки
- содействуют
The project also includes training and technical support of the PUUs on budgeting, SLM approaches, and administration
Рынки (для приобретения материалов и услуг, продажи продукции) и цены
- содействуют
Materials are broadly available at an affordable price
Объем работ, доступность рабочей силы
- содействуют
Local people understand the importance of the activity and are ready to contribute cash and power for its implementation.
3. Участие и распределение ролей заинтересованных сторон
3.1 Заинтересованные стороны, участвующие в реализации Подхода и их роли
- организации местных сообществ
The head of each PUU has been involved in the process of preparation
The Pasture User Union of "Sorkho" that was established by the project ELMARL. Support with the photos and information
- эксперты по УЗП/ сельскому хозяйству
- общественные организации
Mountain Societies Development Support Programme (MSDSP)
They was partner organisation that did facilitation during the establishment and implementing Pasture User Unions plans
3.2 Участие местных землепользователей/ местных сообществ на разных стадиях реализации Подхода
| Участие местных землепользователей/ местных сообществ | Перечислите участников и опишите их вовлеченность | |
|---|---|---|
| инициирование/ мотивация | интерактивное | Awareness raising and introductory meetings, training, seminars and other with the local livestock keepers |
| планирование | интерактивное | Local land users participated in the process of the preparation of plan (PLMP) |
| выполнение | самоорганизация | Local land users and livestock keepers contributing in cash or as labor during the implementation of their plan |
| мониторинг/ оценка | самоорганизация | Assessments, field observations, monitoring and controlling of the process of implementation |
| самоорганизация | Fully involved during the operation and maintenance of the pasture infrastructures, and research |
3.3 Схема реализации (если имеется)
Описание:
Structure of the Pasture User Union
Автор:
Project and PUU
3.4 Принятие решений по выбору Технологии/ Технологий УЗП
Укажите, кто принимал решение по выбору применяемой Технологии/ Технологий:
- преимущественно специалисты по УЗП после консультаций с землепользователями
Поясните:
The approach has been developed, tested and adapted by the consultants and specialists of the project with the involvement of pasture users according to the Pasture Law that was passed on 19 March 2013 (Law No 951)
Поясните на чём было основано принятие решений:
- анализ подробно описанного опыта и знаний по УЗП (принятие решений на основе подтвержденных фактов)
- результаты исследований
4. Техническая поддержка, повышение компетенций и управление знаниями
4.1 Повышение компетенций/ обучение
Проводилось ли обучение землепользователей/ других заинтересованных лиц?
Да
Укажите, кто проходил обучение:
- землепользователи
- местный персонал/консультанты
Тип обучения:
- в ходе работы
- обмен опытом между фермерами
- опытные участки
Рассматриваемые темы:
ToT on environmental management of pasture lands, accounting, planning
4.2 Консультационные услуги
Есть ли у землепользователей возможность получать консультации?
Нет
4.3 Институциональная (организационная) поддержка
В ходе реализации Подхода были ли организованы новые институциональные структуры или поддержаны уже существующие?
- да, существенно
Укажите уровень, на котором структуры были укреплены или вновь созданы:
- местные
Опишите организацию, функции и ответственность, членство и т.д.
Pasture Users Unions
Local hukumat departments:
Ministry of Agriculture, Committee for Environmental Protection and Committee of Women Affairs
Укажите тип поддержки:
- повышение компетенций/ обучение
- оборудование
Подробнее:
The representatives of mentioned departments participated in the trainings, conferences and meetings during project implementation and helps participants with the recommendations and guides
4.4 Мониторинг и оценка
Являются ли мониторинг и оценка частью Подхода?
Да
Комментарии:
The main tasks of monitoring relative to the livestock and pasture improvement activities; (a) Activities required to improve livestock
management (animal health, housing, feeding, breeding), (b) activities required to improve pasture
production (rotational grazing, protecting pastures, pasture rehabilitation through spot planting with
legumes, improving access to remote pastures, supplementary fodder production, set stocking
rates), (c) investment needs1 & sources of funding, (d)an implementation plan showing
responsibilities/targets/indicators
Если да, будет ли данный документ использоваться для мониторинга и оценки?
Да
Комментарии:
As the approach supports project and land users to define
(a) measures to improve pasture productivity and sustainability, such as rotational grazing, protecting areas for regeneration, pasture rehabilitation, improving access to remote pastures, and needs for supplementary fodder production;
(b) grazing utilization levels;
(c) animal health requirements and breed improvement measures;
(d) investment needs; and (e) implementation responsibilities, targets and indicators in their plans
4.5 Научные исследования
Были ли научные исследования частью Подхода?
Нет
5. Финансирование и внешняя материальная поддержка
5.1 Годовой бюджет мероприятий по УЗП в рамках Подхода
Укажите годовой бюджет мероприятий УЗП в рамках Подхода в долларах США :
100000,00
Комментарий (например, основные источники финансирования/ ключевые доноры):
The project funded by the Pilot Program for Climate Resilience (PPCR) and the Global Environment Facility (GEF) with the objective of enabling rural people to build their productive assets in ways that sustainably improve natural resource management and build resilience to climate change in selected climate vulnerable sites
5.2 Финансирование и внешняя материальная поддержка, предоставляемая землепользователям
Предоставлялась ли землепользователям финансовая/ материальная поддержка для применения Технологии /Технологий?
Да
Если да, укажите тип(-ы) поддержки, кто ее предоставил и условия предоставления:
The grant amount would average US$ 100,000 for each of the 8 PUUs with the specific amount depending on pasture area and existing number of livestock units (to be finalized during implementation)
5.3 Субсидии на отдельные затраты (включая оплату труда)
- труд
| В какой степени | Опишите субсидии подробнее |
|---|---|
| Beneficiaries would contribute at least an additional 25% match of the grant amount (partly in cash and/or in kind as labour or equipment costs). |
Если труд землепользователя был существенным вкладом, укажите, был ли этот вклад:
- добровольный
Комментарии:
Investments could include: a) infrastructure to access and use remote pastures, such as spot road improvements, stock watering points, shelters and stock-pens, and milk cooling equipment; b) machinery to produce and harvest fodder; c) costs of rehabilitation measures for degraded areas such as fencing, weed and shrub control, and re-seeding; d) inputs for supplementary fodder production such as seeds; e) vaccinations and parasite control; and f) artificial insemination. Funds could also be used for additional training above that provided by the contracted NGO and for provision of office equipment and furnishings for PUUs.
5.4 Кредитование
Предоставлялись ли в рамках Подхода кредиты на мероприятия УЗП?
Нет
5.5 Другие методы или инструменты стимулирования
Использовались ли другие методы или инструменты стимулирования для продвижения Технологий УЗП?
Да
Если да, поясните:
The Pasture User Unions have equipped with the high volume machines to improve the pasture roads and riverbanks
6. Анализ влияния и заключительные положения
6.1 Влияние Подхода
Сумел ли Подход расширить возможности местных землепользователей, повысить участие заинтересованных сторон?
- Нет
- Да, немного
- Да, умеренно
- Да, существенно
The ELMARL project used this approach in 4 pilot districts and established 8 PUUs that improve and rehabilitated 12600 hectares of pasture lands. Results showed that PUUs have made significant progress in implementing their activities. As a result of the use of machinery, more than 120 km of roads for livestock and hazardous areas were repaired and rehabilitated, and conditions of pastures improved over an area of 6,750 hectares. As a result of construction of watering points for livestock, PUUs were given the opportunity to graze livestock in summer pastures for more than one month and conditions for 1050 hectares of pastures were improved. As a result of the use of bridges for livestock, the PUU members obtained an access to 470 hectares of pastureland, construction of kashars provided the opportunity for pasture users to use 3900 ha of pasture lands, 1.86 ha of area was rehabilitated by establishing demonstration plots, the area of 75 hectares of land was processed and improved through the use of small agricultural tractors, 250 hectares of pastureland have been improved through sowing grasses as fodder, 100 hectares of pasture lands have been improved through the installation of irrigation pump.
Сумел ли Подход помочь землепользователям внедрить и поддерживать технологии УЗП?
- Нет
- Да, немного
- Да, умеренно
- Да, существенно
Of course, establishing PUUs and designing Pasture and Livestock Management Plans that directly adopted to the SLM will help land users to manage their lands. Some of examples from the PUUs activities contribute to the SLM; construction of 'kashars' (Animal and herder shelters) Implementing these activities has made great profit to PUUs. Cattle breeders were able to extend period for cattle grazing in summer pastures and reduce the burden of livestock in pastures around the village; Improvement of cattle breeding leads to increased productivity and reduce degradation; Improvement of the roads condition – situation of roads for livestock is being improved due to the fact that PUUs in Faizobod district have purchased technique, which guarantees the safe keeping of livestock and also lands that are around the road; sowing perennial grasses was the only activity, which occupied 250 hectares of pasturelands for fodder, and not all PUUs pay attention to these problems. The activity can provide livestock with fodder and prevent lands from erosion as well.
Сумел ли Подход улучшить согласованность действий и повысить рентабельность применения практик УЗП:
- Нет
- Да, немного
- Да, умеренно
- Да, существенно
Using of machinery is the one of activities that was supported by PUUs to rehabilitate roads for livestock and hazardous areas. If PUUs rent this machinery it will be too expensive and organisations does not have such kind opportunity, but machinery helps them to repair their lands in regularly base.
Сумел ли Подход мобилизовать/ расширить доступ к финансовым ресурсам для применения практик УЗП?
- Нет
- Да, немного
- Да, умеренно
- Да, существенно
The PUUs equiped with the needed machinery and office where they could organise meetings, so they can construct, rehabilitate and generally support their members(livestock keepers, land users). Presently the PUUs in a very good relationship with their members and collect membership fees regularly, also they have another source of money from the mashinary services. PUU regularly maitaining systems.
Сумел ли Подход расширить знания и возможности других заинтересованных сторон?
- Нет
- Да, немного
- Да, умеренно
- Да, существенно
The PUUs are the member of the GIZ 'Pasture Management Networking Platform' and participated in the meetings regularly. The main task of the meetings is to exchange information and experience on SLM and pasture management projects among various implementing partners.
Сумел ли Подход содействать гендерному равенству и расширить права и возможности женщин и девочек?
- Нет
- Да, немного
- Да, умеренно
- Да, существенно
PUUs appraised for gender and their inclusion of women and the poor, and possible actions identified to address inequities. Where inequitable arrangements are found that exclude or marginalize vulnerable groups, opportunities will be sought where possible to address these inequities, e.g., targeting a proportion of certain types of production investments to groups of vulnerable households (wool processing, poultry development). Gender and social issues to be addressed during capacity building will mainly relate to an identified need to increase awareness and strengthen capacity of peer-to-peer learning and community mobilization, particularly focusing on increasing the level of participation of nondirect beneficiaries and members of marginalized groups.
Сумел ли Подход разрешить правовые проблемы землевладения/ землепользования, препятствующие использованию технологий УЗП?
- Нет
- Да, немного
- Да, умеренно
- Да, существенно
The regulation of land allocation, lease and management is under the jurisdiction of the local level authorities together with the district representation of the Land Committee, but also needs to be approved by the provincial and central authorities. Most PUUs quoted that provision of land certificates for Dekhkan Farms on pastureland and PUUs have made attempts to acquire land use right on pastureland and some became successful.
6.2 Основные причины, побуждающие землепользователей внедрять УЗП
- снижение деградации земель
Pasture degradation, due in part to overgrazing and poor stocking practices, is an
important threat and all above mentioned activities contributed to the land degradation
- снижение риска катастрофических погодных явлений
Regular road and bridge rehabilitation via machinery and controlling grazing pasturelands contribute to the reduction of disasters
- экологическая сознательность
The environmental impact of the approach is largely positive with its planned activities
- приобретение знаний и опыта в области УЗП
The PUUs are members of the GIZ 'Pasture Management Networking Platform' and participated in the meetings regularly. The main task of the meetings is to exchange information and experience on SLM and pasture management projects among various implementing partners.
6.3 Долгосрочная устойчивость мероприятий в рамках Подхода
Могут ли землепользователи самостоятельно (без внешней поддержки) продолжать применение того, что было реализовано в рамках Подхода?
- да
Если да, опишите как:
The approach is a sustainable mechanism itself as it has almost all needed resources and capacity to continue their activity. As an example PUU has found a new sources of income today one of the PUUs, “Sorkho” participated in the district competition to implement the program “Prevention of Land Refinement by using biosynthic methods” conducted by the MSDSP Aga Khan Foundation in Surkhdara area of D. Aliev jamoat in Fayzobod district and succeeded in that so in further that will be a lesson to be learnt by other PUUs. The PUU has now established cooperation with this organization on the basis of mutual agreement and is trying to improve the state of pastures at the jamoat level, and nowadays its work is already in progress.
6.4 Сильные стороны/ преимущества Подхода
| Сильные стороны/ преимущества/ возможности по мнению землепользователей |
|---|
|
Office and all needed equipments for the operation of PUU Membership fees |
|
Machinery for land and infrastructure Income from the machinery |
| Сильные стороны/ преимущества/ возможности по мнению составителя или других ключевых специалистов |
|---|
|
Confidence between the PUU and its members Availability of Pasture and Livestock Management Strategy (includes planned activities for the 3 to 5 years) Availability of needed pasture and livestock Infrastructure; veterinary infrastructure, machinery to improve pasture roads and bridges, livestock watering points. |
| Needed knowledge and capacity to improve pasture production (rotational grazing, protecting pastures, pasture rehabilitation through spot planting with legumes, improving access to remote pastures, supplementary fodder production, set stocking rates |
|
Mechanism of controling to improve livestock management (animal health, housing, feeding, breeding) Livestock and pasture management; feeding practices, housing, breeding, disease control,marketing of products, usage of the different type of pastures |
6.5 Слабые стороны/ недостатки Подхода и пути их преодоления
| Слабые стороны/ недостатки/ риски по мнению землепользователей | Возможные пути их преодоления/снижения? |
|---|---|
| Sufficient source of funding |
| Слабые стороны/ недостатки/ риски по мнению составителя или ответственных специалистов | Возможные пути их преодоления/снижения? |
|---|---|
| As it is new the approach needs more support and collaboration on behalf of other government and nongovernment organisation |
Government needs to support them to be more capable Non governmental organisation need to design project to train them |
| PUUs does not have their own certificated lands in their balance |
7. Справочные материалы и ссылки
7.1 Методы сбора/источники информации
- выезды на места, полевые обследования
15
- опросы землепользователей
20
- данные, собранные из отчетов и достоверных документов
7.2 Ссылки на опубликованные материалы
Название, автор, год публикации, ISBN:
ELMARL Project
Где опубликовано? Стоимость?
Faizobod district, PUU "Sorkho"
7.3 Ссылки на материалы, доступные онлайн
Название/ описание:
ELMARL Annual Report 2017
Ссылки и модули
Развернуть все Свернуть всеСсылки
Meadows and pastures [Венгрия]
Permanent meadows or pastures are more effective in controlling land degradation than arable cropping. They are especially appropriate in hilly regions on sloping land where the risk of water erosion is high.
- Составитель: Brigitta Szabó
Модули
Нет модулей