Fertilizing and re-seeding degraded rangelands [Исландия]

Создание: 08.05.2015 18:52
Обновить: 04.04.2019 12:43
Составитель: Thorunn Petursdottir
Редактор: –
Рецензенты: Fabian Ottiger, Alexandra Gavilano

Hekluskogar area

technologies_1261 - Исландия

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Завершённость: 71%

1. Общая информация

2. Описание Технологии УЗП

2.1 Краткое описание Технологии

Определение Технологии:

Rangeland restoration - Spreading small portions of inorganic fertilizer and seeds on degraded rangelands

2.2 Подробное описание Технологии

Описание:

The concerning rangelands are severely degraded and parts of them have even lost their topsoil layer entirely. Nevertheless, in many cases some remnant vegetation patches are still in place and can serve as seed banks during the restoration process. In order to stabilize the surface (i.e. to reduce the effects of freeze-thaw processes), provide nutrients to the system, increase water availability and facilitate the distribution of native species within the degraded areas, tractors are used to fertilize and reseed the areas with grass species that later in the process will retreat as soon as the dispersal of native species increases. All implementations are based on the methods and tools used in ecological restoration, aiming at re-activating environmental and ecological processes and increasing the resilience of the ecosystems undergoing restoration. Minimum portions of fertilizer and seed are distributed over pre-selected areas, preferably close to the remaining vegetation "islands" in order to facilitate seed production and dispersal and provide safe sites for seed germination.

Purpose of the Technology: The purpose with the technology is to halt further land degradation and facilitate natural succession within the area undergoing restoration. In the long-term, it should substantially reduce wind and water erosion. It should also lead to increased biodiversity, enhanced water availability and accelerated carbon sequestration (in soil and vegetation). The overall restoration task is to increase the resilience of the ecosystems against natural hazards; such as volcanic activities.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: In the first year, the areas are treated with a mixture of chemical fertilizer that fits the local soil condition and grass seed that are proofed to survive under harsh condition. A mixture of approx 200 kg/ha of fertilizer and around 10 kg/ha of grass seed (usually a mixture of Poa and Festuca species) is spread over the treated area. The year after the area is treated again, this time with fertilizer only (approx 100-150 kg/ha). Then the area is usually treated biannually for 4 to 6 years, based on the vegetational succession rate.

Natural / human environment: In the long-term, the technology is expected to substantially increase biomass production, re-build soil qualities, accelerate carbon sequestration and secure water availability within the rangeland and the adjacent ecosystems. The areas still grazed are expected to be more suitable for livestock grazing and the protected areas are expected to be of more recreational and aesthetic value. Increased vegetation cover will reduce and even halt the sand drift that still creates challenges for inhabitants in adjacent villages, on farmsteads and within the summerhouse clusters, scattered around the area. As the degraded rangeland is in the vicinity of an active volcano (Mt Hekla) the technology is also expected to increase ecosystem resilience against natural hazards like ash and pumice drift and reduce potential offsite damages caused by these materials.

2.3 Фотографии, иллюстрирующие Технологию

Медиа-галерея

2.5 Страна/ регион/ места, где применяется Технология, информация о которых собрана в данной Анкете

Страна:

Исландия

Административная единица (Район/Область):

Rangarthing Ytra

Более точная привязка места:

Rangarvellir

Пояснения:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 900 km2.

2.6 Сколько лет применяется данная Технология

Если год начала применения Технологии достоверно неизвестен, дайте примерную оценку:

более 50 лет назад (традиционная)

2.7 Внедрение Технологии

Укажите, как именно Технология УЗП была внедрена:

как часть традиционной системы землепользования (более 50 лет назад)
через проекты/ внешнее вмешательство

by the Soil Conservation Service (governmental institute)

3. Классификация Технологии УЗП

3.2 Текущий(-ие) тип(-ы) землепользования на территории, где применяется Технология

Комбинированное землепользование в пределах одной и той же земельной единицы:

Да

Укажите сочетания типов землепользования (посевы / пастбища / деревья):

Лесо-пастбищное хозяйство

Пастбищные угодья

Экстенсивный выпас:

Полукочевое скотоводство

Вид животных:

овца

Леса/ лесистая местность

Продукции и услуги:

Выпас/ ощипывание молодых побегов и листьев
Природоохранные/ защитные
Рекреация/ туризм
Защита от природных катаклизмов

Непродуктивные земли

Поясните:

Wastelands / deserts / glaciers / swamps