1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Approach

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1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

2.1 Short description of the Approach

Typical Newari style rice farming ages long ,traditional and sustainable way of agriculture that is more focused on increasing rice production and maintaining field's productivity.

2.2 Detailed description of the Approach

Detailed description of the Approach:

Aims / objectives: The main objective of the approach is to study how this indigenous method of rice cultivation is helping to increase rice yield and prevent the land from going barren. It is also centered to know about the involvement of various organizations like local government and INGOs in the process.

Methods: We followed the listed steps.
i)Site Visit
ii)interview with the local farmers
iii)question the labors
iv)literature review through books and intenet

Stages of implementation: i)land preparation
ii)crop preparation
iii)crop transplantation
iv)harvest

Role of stakeholders: Government:-More accessible and affordable and subsidies in budget
More initiative for the farmers in term of knowledge ,training and other technologies
Local administration :-Easy supply of machines,tools chemical fertilizer should be ensured

Other important information: Since it is an indigenous method for rice production,and were in practice for hundred of years, the recent racial mixture and introduction of newer method from terai has resulted into vast change in the methods and methodology of this newari method of typical rice production.

2.3 Photos of the Approach

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Approach has been applied

2.7 Type of Approach

• traditional/ indigenous

2.8 Main aims/ objectives of the Approach

The Approach focused mainly on other activities than SLM (Productivity of rice crops)

To study the typical approach of rice farming and learn about the problems it is currently suffering.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: Low agriculture production due to change in monsoon pattern,decremented soil fertility due to excavation for brick industries and lack of modern techniques and methods to cope the problems.

2.9 Conditions enabling or hindering implementation of the Technology/ Technologies applied under the Approach

3.1 Stakeholders involved in the Approach and their roles

3.2 Involvement of local land users/ local communities in the different phases of the Approach

	Involvement of local land users/ local communities	Specify who was involved and describe activities
initiation/ motivation	self-mobilization	Specially promoted by organic business enterprise for exporting them as a better product.
planning	self-mobilization	Everything is planned by the local community or the land owner.
implementation	interactive	This method is still used by newari community of Nepal.
monitoring/ evaluation	self-mobilization	Negative impact from the fertilizer ,the need of organic food production is taking good speed for the better world.for this FAO and other local people are showing their activeness .
Research	none	For this approach very few research been done and need immediate documentation.

3.3 Flow chart (if available)

3.4 Decision-making on the selection of SLM Technology/ Technologies

Specify who decided on the selection of the Technology/ Technologies to be implemented:

• land users alone (self-initiative)

Explain:

Usually all the work is done on the lower administration ,community level and the owners themselves.But due to the social awareness program organize by some socially active organization, the organic method of agriculture along with the modification of traditional agricultural method is getting popularity. As the result of which there is a paradigm shift in farming in Nepal although there is no major involvement of Ministry of Agriculture.

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by by land users* alone (self-initiative / bottom-up)

4.3 Institution strengthening (organizational development)

Have institutions been established or strengthened through the Approach?

• yes, moderately

Specify the level(s) at which institutions have been strengthened or established:

• local

Specify type of support:

• financial
• capacity building/ training
• equipment

Give further details:

Local governing bodies along with some INGOs and NGOs are always ready to help the farmers. Their helps include hybrid seed and occasional seeds.

4.4 Monitoring and evaluation

Is monitoring and evaluation part of the Approach?

Yes

Comments:

socio-cultural aspects were monitored by land users through observations

economic / production aspects were monitored by land users through observations

4.5 Research

Was research part of the Approach?

Yes

Specify topics:

• economics / marketing
• technology

Give further details and indicate who did the research:

Small research was done by conducting interview with the land owners and going through literatures of the related topics.

Research was carried out on-farm

5.1 Annual budget for the SLM component of the Approach

Comments (e.g. main sources of funding/ major donors):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: local government (district, county, municipality, village etc) (Support from Nepalese government like seeds,fertilizer etc.): 4.0%; local community / land user(s) (Small support from INGOs like FAO,World Bank.): 95.0%; other: 1.0%

5.2 Financial/ material support provided to land users

Did land users receive financial/ material support for implementing the Technology/ Technologies?

Yes

5.3 Subsidies for specific inputs (including labour)

• equipment

If labour by land users was a substantial input, was it:

• paid in cash

Comments:

Since there is lack of manpower, farmers are forced to hire expensive labors to meet their wok demand. They mostly pay the labors in cash.

5.4 Credit

Was credit provided under the Approach for SLM activities?

No

6.1 Impacts of the Approach

6.2 Main motivation of land users to implement SLM

6.3 Sustainability of Approach activities

Can the land users sustain what has been implemented through the Approach (without external support)?

• yes

If yes, describe how:

Yes, we believe that the farmers can keep continuing the approach activities without support as it is very easy and indigenous method for farming.

6.4 Strengths/ advantages of the Approach

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the land user’s view
1.It is easy method to apply and it increase the soil fertility rate . 2. good quality of rice by the use of puddling process and organic fertilizer. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: 1. Repair the soil infertility. )

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
1. It is traditional ,unique and indigenous technique. 2.Its been good at yielding more productivity. 3. It is helping soil from getting barren. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: 1.More facilities,subsidies,loan,etc for farmers. 2.Introduction of innovative and new technologies. 3.Teaching farmers the new and advanced knowledge.)

6.5 Weaknesses/ disadvantages of the Approach and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the land user’s view	How can they be overcome?
1.Less effective due to lack of equipment and alternative backup plan.	1. More research ,advise center for agriculture development should be provide by by the top level.

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view	How can they be overcome?
1. It cannot be the ultimate way of addressing of per capita income. 2. Many people are showing less interest. 3.It results in relatively less earning and thus very less respected.	1.Change in attitude farming among people. 2.More fund for the research should be allocated. 3. More colleges specialized for agriculture should be established.

7.1 Methods/ sources of information

7.2 References to available publications

Title, author, year, ISBN:

wikipedia/internet and article base on organic food(rice farming)