Technologies

Sarclo-binage cloisonné [Niger]

Creation: 06/08/2011 9:35 a.m.
Update: 06/06/2019 4:14 p.m.
Compiler: Unknown User
Editor: –
Reviewers: Deborah Niggli, Alexandra Gavilano

technologies_1108 - Niger

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Completeness: 71%

1. General information

1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

Key resource person(s)

SLM specialist:

Adamou Oudou Noufou

Niger

SLM specialist:

Benguerel Philipp

CDE, Université de Berne

Switzerland

SLM specialist:

Bielders Charles

ICRISAT

Niger

SLM specialist:

Tielkes Eric

DED

Niger

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

1.4 Declaration on sustainability of the described Technology

Is the Technology described here problematic with regard to land degradation, so that it cannot be declared a sustainable land management technology?

2. Description of the SLM Technology

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

Technique traditionnelle améliorée pour l'entretien des cultures qui consiste à sarcler tout en construisant des billons cloisonnés pour détruire les adventices et contrôler le ruissellement.

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

Sarclage manuel des adventices à la houe ("daba") en faisant des billons sur les lignes de plantation du mil /sorgho perpendiculairement à la pente. De petites diguettes sont faites perpendiculairement aux billons en liant deux plants de mil / sorgho (= cloisonnement). Cette technologie peut être combinée avec d'autres pratiques, qu'elles soient traditionnelles (parcage, branchage) ou diffusées par le projet ( régénération naturelle, bandes enherbées).

Il s'agit d'éliminer la compétition entre les adventices et les cultures vivrières et de contrôler le ruissellement. Le billonage dans le rang de mil/sorgho permet aussi de réduire le risque de verse.

Cette technique nécessite un gros investissement en main d'oeuvre, et doit être répétée chaque année.

La technique est appliquée sur les terres cultivables, principalement sur les sols sableux et des pentes faibles (< 5%).

2.3 Photos of the Technology

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

Country:

Niger

Region/ State/ Province:

Arrondissement de Tahoua

Further specification of location:

Tahoua

Specify the spread of the Technology:

evenly spread over an area

If precise area is not known, indicate approximate area covered:

10-100 km2

Comments:

Chiffre de l'année 1997. Les données de l'arrondissement de Tahoua dans lequel l'approche PDRT est appliquée: 1. Superficie: 9.548 km2; 2. Population: 320.000 hbts dans 172 villages; 3. Densité de la population: 32 hbts par km2; 1995: 60 villages avec une superficie de 687 km2 traitée par le projet.

2.6 Date of implementation

If precise year is not known, indicate approximate date:

more than 50 years ago (traditional)

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:

during experiments/ research

Comments (type of project, etc.):

Le sarclage à la houe est une technique pratiquée traditionnellement dans l'Adar. Le sarclo-binage cloisonné constitue une amélioration de cette technique, introduite par le PDRT.

3. Classification of the SLM Technology

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

preserve/ improve biodiversity

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Cropland

Annual cropping

Number of growing seasons per year:

Specify:

Longest growing period in days: 90, Longest growing period from month to month: Jun - Oct

Comments:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Déséquilibre entre ressources naturelles disponibles et populations; Insuffisance alimentaire (faim); Déséquilibre entre ressources naturelles disponibles et cheptel.
Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Insuffisance de bois et de pâturages. Problème d'eau potable dû à l'abaissement des nappes phréatiques. Insuffisance pluviométrique.

3.4 Water supply

Water supply for the land on which the Technology is applied:

rainfed

3.5 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

improved ground/ vegetation cover
improved plant varieties/ animal breeds

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

agronomic measures

A7: Others

Comments:

Type of agronomic measures: billonnage isohypse

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

soil erosion by water

Wt: loss of topsoil/ surface erosion

chemical soil deterioration

Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content (not caused by erosion)

Comments:

Main causes of degradation: sécheresses (manque de pluie; pluie mal répartie), régime foncier, faim
Secondary causes of degradation: gestion des sols (pas de jachère; pas suffisamment d'intrants. Mulching, engrais, mat. Organique), déforestation / disparition de la végétation naturelle (inclus les feux de forêts) (combustibles), surexploitation de la végétation pour l’usage domestique (Surexploitation de la végétation), surpâturage, pression de la population (croissance de la population), pauvreté / santé, disponibilité de la main d’oeuvre, éducation, accès à la connaissance et aux conseils

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:

prevent land degradation
reduce land degradation

4. Technical specifications, implementation activities, inputs, and costs

4.1 Technical drawing of the Technology

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Technical specifications (related to technical drawing):

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moyen
Technical knowledge required for land users: faible

Main technical functions: contrôle du ruissellement en nappe: rétention / capture, augmentation de la rugosité de surface, augmentation de l'infiltration, contrôle des adventices
Secondary technical functions: amélioration de la structure du sous-sol (couche dure), réduction de la vitesse du vent

Contour ridging
Remarks: la terre est ramenée dans les rangs de mil/sorgho
Agronomic measure: cloisonnement
Remarks: perpendiculairement aux billons

4.2 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

other/ national currency (specify):

Francs CFA

If relevant, indicate exchange rate from USD to local currency (e.g. 1 USD = 79.9 Brazilian Real): 1 USD =:

500.0

Indicate average wage cost of hired labour per day:

1.50

4.4 Costs and inputs needed for establishment

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Labour	main d'oevre	ha	1.0	3.0	3.0	100.0
Equipment	outils	ha	1.0	1.0	1.0	100.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology					4.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology in USD					0.01

Comments:

12 mois duration

4.5 Maintenance/ recurrent activities

	Activity	Timing/ frequency
1.	billonage cloisonné	env. 1 mois après le premier sarclage / annuel

4.6 Costs and inputs needed for maintenance/ recurrent activities (per year)

Comments:

Machinery/ tools: houe
Pas de données existantes, premiers résultats attendus en fin 1998

4.7 Most important factors affecting the costs

Describe the most determinate factors affecting the costs:

Main d'oeuvre

5. Natural and human environment

5.1 Climate

Annual rainfall

< 250 mm
251-500 mm
501-750 mm
751-1,000 mm
1,001-1,500 mm
1,501-2,000 mm
2,001-3,000 mm
3,001-4,000 mm
> 4,000 mm

Agro-climatic zone

semi-arid

5.2 Topography

Slopes on average:

flat (0-2%)
gentle (3-5%)
moderate (6-10%)
rolling (11-15%)
hilly (16-30%)
steep (31-60%)
very steep (>60%)

Landforms:

plateau/plains
ridges
mountain slopes
hill slopes
footslopes
valley floors

Altitudinal zone:

0-100 m a.s.l.
101-500 m a.s.l.
501-1,000 m a.s.l.
1,001-1,500 m a.s.l.
1,501-2,000 m a.s.l.
2,001-2,500 m a.s.l.
2,501-3,000 m a.s.l.
3,001-4,000 m a.s.l.
> 4,000 m a.s.l.

5.3 Soils

Soil depth on average:

very shallow (0-20 cm)
shallow (21-50 cm)
moderately deep (51-80 cm)
deep (81-120 cm)
very deep (> 120 cm)

Soil texture (topsoil):

coarse/ light (sandy)
medium (loamy, silty)

Topsoil organic matter:

low (<1%)

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

Market orientation of production system:

subsistence (self-supply)
mixed (subsistence/ commercial)

Off-farm income:

10-50% of all income

Relative level of wealth:

poor
average

Level of mechanization:

manual work
animal traction

Indicate other relevant characteristics of the land users:

Population density: 10-50 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 3% - 4%
1% of the land users are very rich and own 10% of the land (terres 30 à 40 ha et >30 UBT).
20% of the land users are rich and own 50% of the land (terres de 10 à 30 ha et 16-30 UBT).
20% of the land users are average wealthy and own 30% of the land (terres de 5 à 10 ha et 6-15 UBT).
59% of the land users are poor and own 10% of the land (2 à 5 ha et 0-5 UBT).
Off-farm income specification: Revenus: 1. Du commerce, 2. De l'exode, 3. De l'artisanat

5.7 Average area of land used by land users applying the Technology

< 0.5 ha
0.5-1 ha
1-2 ha
2-5 ha
5-15 ha
15-50 ha
50-100 ha
100-500 ha
500-1,000 ha
1,000-10,000 ha
> 10,000 ha

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Land ownership:

individual, not titled
individual, titled

Land use rights:

individual

6. Impacts and concluding statements

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Socio-economic impacts

Income and costs

workload

increased

decreased

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?

Short-term returns:

neutral/ balanced

Long-term returns:

slightly positive

6.5 Adoption of the Technology

11-50%

Comments:

20% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support. There is a little trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology
On a commencé à sensibiliser les gens il y a deux ans seulement.

6.7 Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities of the Technology

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the land user’s view
effets positifs sur les récoltes

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
Technologie simple, donc facile à reproduire par tout le monde

6.8 Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks of the Technology and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the land user’s view	How can they be overcome?
technologie laborieuse
position peu confortable pendant le billonage perpendiculairement à la pente (mal au dos)

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view	How can they be overcome?
demande élevée en main d'oeuvre	mécanisation?

7. References and links

7.1 Methods/ sources of information

field visits, field surveys

interviews with land users

When were the data compiled (in the field)?

27/07/1998

Banque mondiale. Niger: Evaluation de la pauvreté.Un peuple résistant dans un environnement hostile. Rapport No. 15344-NIR. 1996.