Technologies

Fish farming as a way of adding value to dam schemes [Mali]

Creation: 09/24/2014 5:05 p.m.
Update: 05/27/2019 4:36 p.m.
Compiler: Dieter Nill
Editor: –
Reviewers: Fabian Ottiger, Alexandra Gavilano

Pisciculture comme moyen de valorisation des barrages (French)

technologies_1648 - Mali

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Completeness: 71%

1. General information

1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

Key resource person(s)

SLM specialist:

Dieter Nill

SLM specialist:

Kone Mamadou Gallo

IPRO-DB Bélédougou

Mali

SLM specialist:

Schneider Ralf

IPRO-DB Bélédougou

Mali

SLM specialist:

Ouologuem Abass

IPRO-DB Bélédougou

Mali

Name of project which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)

Manual of Good Practices in Small Scale Irrigation in the Sahel (GIZ ) {'additional_translations': {}, 'value': 611, 'label': 'Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)', 'text': 'Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH (GIZ) - Germany', 'template': 'raw'}

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

1.4 Declaration on sustainability of the described Technology

Is the Technology described here problematic with regard to land degradation, so that it cannot be declared a sustainable land management technology?

2. Description of the SLM Technology

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

Introduction of fish species suited to dam reservoirs

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

The objective of stocking reservoirs with fish is to add value to dam schemes through artisanal fish farming and an increase in fish production.

Purpose of the Technology: This helps to improve the quality of local people’s diets and increases incomes. The technique combines fish farming and agriculture.
The low investment costs and high profitability of the activity are very attractive. The juvenile fish are available prior to each forthcoming season and local management of the scheme is easy.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: The beneficiaries are guided through the process of setting up a fish farming management committee. The committee is tasked with the internal monitoring of activities to implement artisanal fish farming, while the project team takes care of external monitoring.
Implementation: organise an exchange visit between a village with experience operating this type of scheme, and the beneficiary village; train beneficiaries in artisanal fish farming; stock reservoirs with fish; care for and feed the fish; provide training on techniques used to catch and process fish (smoking and drying); construct breeding ponds; maintain a stock of fingerlings for the next season. Fish suited to both rice growing environments and fish farming should be selected. A stock of fingerlings must be maintained in breeding ponds following fish harvesting.

Roles of the actors involved: the support structure (IPRO-DB) helps with the purchase of fingerlings, builds the capacity of producers, carries out monitoring, connects technical services with traders, equips associations with fishing materials and monitoring tools, and provides support in the presentation of results at village meetings. The village committee monitors implementation (feeding, caretaking and sales) and reports on results following activities. Private sector fish farming specialists provide advisory support (fish stocking, controlling parameters, training) and monitor implementation. Merchants buy the output. The commune conducts external monitoring and provides advisory support.

2.3 Photos of the Technology

Media Gallery

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

Country:

Mali

Region/ State/ Province:

Mali

Further specification of location:

Kambila, Nonkon, Kolokani

Specify the spread of the Technology:

applied at specific points/ concentrated on a small area

Comments:

Sonikegny village, Kambila Commune
Nonkon village, Nonkon Commune
Tiembougou village, Kolokani Commune
Korokabougou village, Kolokani Commune
5,000 people

2.6 Date of implementation

If precise year is not known, indicate approximate date:

less than 10 years ago (recently)

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:

through projects/ external interventions

Comments (type of project, etc.):

Since 2009, implemented by IPRO-DB

3. Classification of the SLM Technology

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

improve production
create beneficial economic impact

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Land use mixed within the same land unit:

Yes

Specify mixed land use (crops/ grazing/ trees):

Agro-pastoralism (incl. integrated crop-livestock)

Cropland

Annual cropping

rice

Number of growing seasons per year:

Specify:

Longest growing period in days: 120, Longest growing period from month to month: August-November

Grazing land

Comments:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): low fish production
Livestock density: 1-10 LU /km2

3.4 Water supply

Water supply for the land on which the Technology is applied:

mixed rainfed-irrigated

3.5 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

Fish farming

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

management measures

M5: Control/ change of species composition

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

biological degradation

Bh: loss of habitats
Bs: quality and species composition/ diversity decline

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:

restore/ rehabilitate severely degraded land

4. Technical specifications, implementation activities, inputs, and costs

4.1 Technical drawing of the Technology

Technical specifications (related to technical drawing):

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate
Technical knowledge required for land users: low

Main technical functions: spatial arrangement and diversification of land use, increase in fish production

Control / change of species composition: stocking reservoirs with fish, combines fish farming and agriculture

4.3 Establishment activities

	Activity	Timing (season)
1.	organise an exchange visit between a village with experience operating this type of scheme, and the beneficiary village
2.	train beneficiaries in artisanal fish farming;
3.	stock reservoirs with fish
4.	care for and feed the fish
5.	provide training on techniques used to catch and process fish (smoking and drying);
6.	construct breeding pods

4.5 Maintenance/ recurrent activities

	Activity	Timing/ frequency
1.	maintain a stock of fingerlings for the next season

5. Natural and human environment

5.1 Climate

Annual rainfall

< 250 mm
251-500 mm
501-750 mm
751-1,000 mm
1,001-1,500 mm
1,501-2,000 mm
2,001-3,000 mm
3,001-4,000 mm
> 4,000 mm

Agro-climatic zone

semi-arid

Thermal climate class: tropics

5.2 Topography

Slopes on average:

flat (0-2%)
gentle (3-5%)
moderate (6-10%)
rolling (11-15%)
hilly (16-30%)
steep (31-60%)
very steep (>60%)

Landforms:

plateau/plains
ridges
mountain slopes
hill slopes
footslopes
valley floors

Altitudinal zone:

0-100 m a.s.l.
101-500 m a.s.l.
501-1,000 m a.s.l.
1,001-1,500 m a.s.l.
1,501-2,000 m a.s.l.
2,001-2,500 m a.s.l.
2,501-3,000 m a.s.l.
3,001-4,000 m a.s.l.
> 4,000 m a.s.l.

5.3 Soils

Soil depth on average:

very shallow (0-20 cm)
shallow (21-50 cm)
moderately deep (51-80 cm)
deep (81-120 cm)
very deep (> 120 cm)

Soil texture (topsoil):

medium (loamy, silty)
fine/ heavy (clay)

Topsoil organic matter:

medium (1-3%)
low (<1%)

If available, attach full soil description or specify the available information, e.g. soil type, soil PH/ acidity, Cation Exchange Capacity, nitrogen, salinity etc.

Soil fertility: Medium
Soil drainage/infiltration: Medium and poor
Soil water storage capacity: Medium

5.4 Water availability and quality

Ground water table:

5-50 m

Availability of surface water:

medium

Water quality (untreated):

for agricultural use only (irrigation)

Comments and further specifications on water quality and quantity:

Availability of surface water: Also poor/ none

5.5 Biodiversity

Species diversity:

medium

Habitat diversity:

medium

Comments and further specifications on biodiversity:

Species diversity: medium, low

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

Market orientation of production system:

mixed (subsistence/ commercial)

Off-farm income:

10-50% of all income

Relative level of wealth:

poor
average

Level of mechanization:

manual work

Gender:

Indicate other relevant characteristics of the land users:

Population density: < 10 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 2% - 3%
10% of the land users are rich.
50% of the land users are average wealthy.
30% of the land users are poor.
10% of the land users are poor.

5.7 Average area of land used by land users applying the Technology

< 0.5 ha
0.5-1 ha
1-2 ha
2-5 ha
5-15 ha
15-50 ha
50-100 ha
100-500 ha
500-1,000 ha
1,000-10,000 ha
> 10,000 ha

Is this considered small-, medium- or large-scale (referring to local context)?

small-scale

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Comments:

The irrigated land is allocated by the chief

5.9 Access to services and infrastructure

health:

poor
moderate
good

education:

poor
moderate
good

technical assistance:

poor
moderate
good

employment (e.g. off-farm):

poor
moderate
good

markets:

poor
moderate
good

energy:

poor
moderate
good

roads and transport:

poor
moderate
good

drinking water and sanitation:

poor
moderate
good

financial services:

poor
moderate
good

6. Impacts and concluding statements

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Socio-economic impacts

Production

product diversity

decreased

increased

Income and costs

farm income

decreased

increased

diversity of income sources

decreased

increased

Other socio-economic impacts

Fish production

decreased

increased

Socio-cultural impacts

food security/ self-sufficiency

reduced

improved

health situation

worsened

improved

Improved livelihoods and human well-being

decreased

increased

Comments/ specify:

Helps to improve the quality of local people’s diets and increases incomes. The technique combines fish farming and agriculture.

Ecological impacts

Biodiversity: vegetation, animals

animal diversity

decreased

increased

6.3 Exposure and sensitivity of the Technology to gradual climate change and climate-related extremes/ disasters (as perceived by land users)

Gradual climate change

	Season	increase or decrease	How does the Technology cope with it?
annual temperature		increase	well

Climate-related extremes (disasters)

Meteorological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
local rainstorm	well
local windstorm	well

Climatological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
drought	not well

Hydrological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
general (river) flood	well

Other climate-related consequences

	How does the Technology cope with it?
reduced growing period	well

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?

Short-term returns:

very positive

Long-term returns:

very positive

How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?

Short-term returns:

very positive

Long-term returns:

very positive

6.7 Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities of the Technology

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
The technique increases fish production, improves beneficiaries’ diets and raises incomes.
The low investment costs and high profitability of the activity are very attractive
The juvenile fish are available prior to each forthcoming season
Local management of the scheme is easy

6.8 Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks of the Technology and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view	How can they be overcome?
Few species of fish are suited to both rice growing environments and fish farming
Water availability for at least six months from September

7. References and links

Links and modules

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