Technologies

Повышение биоразнообразия в горных регионах посредством выращивания цитрусовых культур (лимона) [Tajikistan]

Creation: 04/21/2018 7:33 p.m.
Update: 08/21/2019 7:19 p.m.
Compiler: Gulniso Nekushoeva
Editor: –
Reviewers: Farrukh Nazarmavloev, Alexandra Gavilano

Парвариши Лимӯ дар шароити кӯхистон

technologies_3662 - Tajikistan

View sections

Expand all

Completeness: 69%

1. General information

1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

Key resource person(s)

SLM specialist:

Tajikistan

SLM specialist:

Tajikistan

SLM specialist:

Gulniso Nekushoeva

Name of project which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)

Environmental Land Management and Rural Livelihoods (ELMAR)

Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)

Pamir Biological Institute (Pamir Biological Institute) - Tajikistan

Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)

Soil Science Institute (Soil Science Institute) - Tajikistan

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

1.4 Declaration on sustainability of the described Technology

Is the Technology described here problematic with regard to land degradation, so that it cannot be declared a sustainable land management technology?

2. Description of the SLM Technology

3. Classification of the SLM Technology

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

improve production
preserve/ improve biodiversity
adapt to climate change/ extremes and its impacts
mitigate climate change and its impacts
create beneficial economic impact

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Forest/ woodlands

Tree plantation, afforestation

Tree plantation, afforestation: Specify origin and composition of species:

Monoculture exotic variety

Products and services:

Fruits and nuts

3.4 Water supply

Water supply for the land on which the Technology is applied:

full irrigation

3.5 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

improved ground/ vegetation cover
improved plant varieties/ animal breeds
home gardens

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

agronomic measures

A1: Vegetation/ soil cover
A2: Organic matter/ soil fertility
A3: Soil surface treatment
A5: Seed management, improved varieties

vegetative measures

V1: Tree and shrub cover

structural measures

S3: Graded ditches, channels, waterways
S4: Level ditches, pits
S6: Walls, barriers, palisades, fences
S9: Shelters for plants and animals

management measures

M1: Change of land use type
M2: Change of management/ intensity level
M5: Control/ change of species composition

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

soil erosion by water

Wt: loss of topsoil/ surface erosion

chemical soil deterioration

Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content (not caused by erosion)

physical soil deterioration

Pu: loss of bio-productive function due to other activities

biological degradation

Bc: reduction of vegetation cover
Bq: quantity/ biomass decline

water degradation

Ha: aridification

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:

prevent land degradation
adapt to land degradation

4. Technical specifications, implementation activities, inputs, and costs

4.1 Technical drawing of the Technology

Date:

02/03/2018

4.2 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

Specify how costs and inputs were calculated:

per Technology area

If relevant, indicate exchange rate from USD to local currency (e.g. 1 USD = 79.9 Brazilian Real): 1 USD =:

4.8

4.4 Costs and inputs needed for establishment

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input
Labour	None	None	5.0	1000.0	5000.0
Labour	None	None	22.0	150.0	3300.0
Labour	None	None	1.0	1000.0	1000.0
Labour	None	None	30.0	100.0	3000.0
Equipment	None	None	5.0	25.0	125.0
Equipment	None	None	2.0	20.0	40.0
Plant material	None	None	25.0	25.0	625.0
Fertilizers and biocides	None	None	525.0	1.0	525.0
Fertilizers and biocides	None	None	1.0	4.0	4.0
Construction material		None	30.0
Construction material	None	None	3500.0	0.8	2800.0
Construction material	None	None	100.0	15.0	1500.0
Construction material	None	None	200.0	20.0	4000.0
Construction material	None	None	60.0	10.0	600.0
Construction material	None	None	200.0	5.0	1000.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology					23519.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology in USD					4899.79

4.6 Costs and inputs needed for maintenance/ recurrent activities (per year)

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input
Labour	None	None	24.0	600.0	14400.0
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology					14400.0
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology in USD					3000.0

5. Natural and human environment

5.1 Climate

Annual rainfall

< 250 mm
251-500 mm
501-750 mm
751-1,000 mm
1,001-1,500 mm
1,501-2,000 mm
2,001-3,000 mm
3,001-4,000 mm
> 4,000 mm

Specify average annual rainfall (if known), in mm:

529.00

Agro-climatic zone

semi-arid

5.2 Topography

Slopes on average:

flat (0-2%)
gentle (3-5%)
moderate (6-10%)
rolling (11-15%)
hilly (16-30%)
steep (31-60%)
very steep (>60%)

Landforms:

plateau/plains
ridges
mountain slopes
hill slopes
footslopes
valley floors

Altitudinal zone:

0-100 m a.s.l.
101-500 m a.s.l.
501-1,000 m a.s.l.
1,001-1,500 m a.s.l.
1,501-2,000 m a.s.l.
2,001-2,500 m a.s.l.
2,501-3,000 m a.s.l.
3,001-4,000 m a.s.l.
> 4,000 m a.s.l.

Indicate if the Technology is specifically applied in:

concave situations

5.3 Soils

Soil depth on average:

very shallow (0-20 cm)
shallow (21-50 cm)
moderately deep (51-80 cm)
deep (81-120 cm)
very deep (> 120 cm)

Soil texture (topsoil):

medium (loamy, silty)

Soil texture (> 20 cm below surface):

coarse/ light (sandy)
medium (loamy, silty)

Topsoil organic matter:

medium (1-3%)
low (<1%)

5.4 Water availability and quality

Ground water table:

> 50 m

Availability of surface water:

medium

Water quality (untreated):

good drinking water

Is water salinity a problem?

Is flooding of the area occurring?

5.5 Biodiversity

Species diversity:

medium

Habitat diversity:

high

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

Sedentary or nomadic:

Sedentary

Market orientation of production system:

subsistence (self-supply)

Off-farm income:

10-50% of all income

Relative level of wealth:

poor
average

Individuals or groups:

individual/ household
cooperative

Level of mechanization:

manual work
mechanized/ motorized

Gender:

women
men

Age of land users:

middle-aged
elderly

5.7 Average area of land used by land users applying the Technology

< 0.5 ha
0.5-1 ha
1-2 ha
2-5 ha
5-15 ha
15-50 ha
50-100 ha
100-500 ha
500-1,000 ha
1,000-10,000 ha
> 10,000 ha

Is this considered small-, medium- or large-scale (referring to local context)?

medium-scale
large-scale

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Land ownership:

state
individual, titled

Land use rights:

communal (organized)
leased

Water use rights:

communal (organized)

5.9 Access to services and infrastructure

health:

poor
moderate
good

education:

poor
moderate
good

technical assistance:

poor
moderate
good

employment (e.g. off-farm):

poor
moderate
good

markets:

poor
moderate
good

energy:

poor
moderate
good

roads and transport:

poor
moderate
good

drinking water and sanitation:

poor
moderate
good

financial services:

poor
moderate
good

6. Impacts and concluding statements

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Socio-economic impacts

Production

crop production

decreased

increased

crop quality

decreased

increased

risk of production failure

increased

decreased

product diversity

decreased

increased

production area

decreased

increased

Income and costs

farm income

decreased

increased

diversity of income sources

decreased

increased

workload

increased

decreased

Socio-cultural impacts

food security/ self-sufficiency

reduced

improved

health situation

worsened

improved

cultural opportunities

reduced

improved

recreational opportunities

reduced

improved

SLM/ land degradation knowledge

reduced

improved

situation of socially and economically disadvantaged groups

worsened

improved

Ecological impacts

Soil

soil moisture

decreased

increased

soil cover

reduced

improved

soil compaction

increased

reduced

nutrient cycling/ recharge

decreased

increased

soil organic matter/ below ground C

decreased

increased

Biodiversity: vegetation, animals

Vegetation cover

decreased

increased

biomass/ above ground C

decreased

increased

plant diversity

decreased

increased

Climate and disaster risk reduction

drought impacts

increased

decreased

micro-climate

worsened

improved

6.2 Off-site impacts the Technology has shown

damage on neighbours' fields

increased

reduced

6.3 Exposure and sensitivity of the Technology to gradual climate change and climate-related extremes/ disasters (as perceived by land users)

Gradual climate change

	Season	increase or decrease	How does the Technology cope with it?
annual temperature		increase	well
seasonal temperature	winter	increase	moderately
seasonal rainfall	winter	decrease	well

Climate-related extremes (disasters)

Meteorological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
local rainstorm	well
local hailstorm	moderately

Climatological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
heatwave	not well
cold wave	moderately
extreme winter conditions	moderately
drought	moderately

Hydrological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
landslide	not well
avalanche	not well

Biological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
insect/ worm infestation	moderately

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?

Short-term returns:

slightly positive

Long-term returns:

very positive

How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?

Short-term returns:

positive

Long-term returns:

very positive

6.5 Adoption of the Technology

11-50%

View sections

1. General information

1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

Key resource person(s)

SLM specialist:

SLM specialist:

SLM specialist:

Name of project which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)

Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)

Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

1.4 Declaration on sustainability of the described Technology

Is the Technology described here problematic with regard to land degradation, so that it cannot be declared a sustainable land management technology?

2. Description of the SLM Technology

2.3 Photos of the Technology

Media Gallery

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

Country:

Specify the spread of the Technology:

2.6 Date of implementation

Indicate year of implementation:

If precise year is not known, indicate approximate date:

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:

3. Classification of the SLM Technology

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Forest/ woodlands

Tree plantation, afforestation: Specify origin and composition of species:

Products and services:

3.4 Water supply

Water supply for the land on which the Technology is applied:

3.5 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

agronomic measures

vegetative measures

structural measures

management measures

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

soil erosion by water

chemical soil deterioration

physical soil deterioration

biological degradation

water degradation

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:

4. Technical specifications, implementation activities, inputs, and costs

4.1 Technical drawing of the Technology

Date:

4.2 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

Specify how costs and inputs were calculated:

If relevant, indicate exchange rate from USD to local currency (e.g. 1 USD = 79.9 Brazilian Real): 1 USD =:

4.4 Costs and inputs needed for establishment

4.6 Costs and inputs needed for maintenance/ recurrent activities (per year)

5. Natural and human environment

5.1 Climate

Annual rainfall

Specify average annual rainfall (if known), in mm:

Agro-climatic zone

5.2 Topography

Slopes on average:

Landforms:

Altitudinal zone:

Indicate if the Technology is specifically applied in:

5.3 Soils

Soil depth on average:

Soil texture (topsoil):

Soil texture (> 20 cm below surface):

Topsoil organic matter:

5.4 Water availability and quality

Ground water table:

Availability of surface water:

Water quality (untreated):

Is water salinity a problem?

Is flooding of the area occurring?

5.5 Biodiversity

Species diversity:

Habitat diversity:

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology