Technologies

Залужение деградированных пастбищ в условиях высокогорья [Tajikistan]

Creation: 05/09/2018 2:25 p.m.
Update: 06/14/2019 3:27 p.m.
Compiler: MIZROBSHO AMIRBEKOV
Editor: –
Reviewer: Farrukh Nazarmavloev

Обёри ва баркарорсозии заминхои фарсоишёфтаи чарогох

technologies_3698 - Tajikistan

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Completeness: 73%

1. General information

1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

Key resource person(s)

SLM specialist:

{'additional_translations': {}, 'value': 'Mizrob Amirbekov', 'user_id': '2000', 'unknown_user': False, 'template': 'raw'}

{'additional_translations': {}, 'value': 1039, 'label': 'Name of project which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)', 'text': 'Mountain Societies Development Support Programme, Tajikistan', 'template': 'raw'} {'additional_translations': {}, 'value': 1058, 'label': 'Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)', 'text': 'Institute for Environment and Human Security, United Nations University (Institute for Environment and Human Security, United Nations University) - Germany', 'template': 'raw'}

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

When were the data compiled (in the field)?

15/06/2011

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

1.4 Declaration on sustainability of the described Technology

Is the Technology described here problematic with regard to land degradation, so that it cannot be declared a sustainable land management technology?

2. Description of the SLM Technology

3. Classification of the SLM Technology

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

improve production
reduce, prevent, restore land degradation
conserve ecosystem
preserve/ improve biodiversity

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Grazing land

Extensive grazing land:

Nomadism

Intensive grazing/ fodder production:

Improved pastures

3.3 Further information about land use

Number of growing seasons per year:

3.4 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

pastoralism and grazing land management
improved ground/ vegetation cover
ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction

3.5 Spread of the Technology

Specify the spread of the Technology:

evenly spread over an area

If the Technology is evenly spread over an area, indicate approximate area covered:

1-10 km2

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

agronomic measures

A1: Vegetation/ soil cover
A2: Organic matter/ soil fertility

vegetative measures

V2: Grasses and perennial herbaceous plants

structural measures

S6: Walls, barriers, palisades, fences

management measures

M2: Change of management/ intensity level
M3: Layout according to natural and human environment
M4: Major change in timing of activities

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

soil erosion by water

Wt: loss of topsoil/ surface erosion
Wg: gully erosion/ gullying
Wr: riverbank erosion
Wo: offsite degradation effects

soil erosion by wind

Et: loss of topsoil
Eo: offsite degradation effects

chemical soil deterioration

Cp: soil pollution

physical soil deterioration

Pc: compaction
Pu: loss of bio-productive function due to other activities

biological degradation

Bc: reduction of vegetation cover
Bh: loss of habitats
Bq: quantity/ biomass decline
Bf: detrimental effects of fires
Bs: quality and species composition/ diversity decline
Bl: loss of soil life

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:

prevent land degradation
restore/ rehabilitate severely degraded land

4. Technical specifications, implementation activities, inputs, and costs

4.1 Technical drawing of the Technology

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Date:

27/07/2011

4.3 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

Specify how costs and inputs were calculated:

per Technology unit

Specify currency used for cost calculations:

US Dollars

Indicate exchange rate from USD to local currency (if relevant): 1 USD =:

8.94

4.4 Establishment activities

	Activity	Type of measure	Timing
1.	None	Structural	None
2.	None	Structural	None
3.	None	Structural	None
4.	None	Management	None

4.5 Costs and inputs needed for establishment

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input
Labour	None	None	10.0	30.0	300.0
Labour	None	None	1.0	300.0	300.0
Labour	None	None	30.0	10.0	300.0
Equipment	None	None	1600.0	1.7	2720.0
Equipment	None	None	200.0	2.5	500.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology					4120.0

4.6 Maintenance/ recurrent activities

	Activity	Type of measure	Timing/ frequency
1.	None	Management	None
2.	None	Agronomic	None
3.	None	Agronomic	None
4.	None	Management	None

4.7 Costs and inputs needed for maintenance/ recurrent activities (per year)

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Equipment				1.7
Equipment				2.5

5. Natural and human environment

5.1 Climate

Annual rainfall

< 250 mm
251-500 mm
501-750 mm
751-1,000 mm
1,001-1,500 mm
1,501-2,000 mm
2,001-3,000 mm
3,001-4,000 mm
> 4,000 mm

Agro-climatic zone

semi-arid

5.2 Topography

Slopes on average:

flat (0-2%)
gentle (3-5%)
moderate (6-10%)
rolling (11-15%)
hilly (16-30%)
steep (31-60%)
very steep (>60%)

Landforms:

plateau/plains
ridges
mountain slopes
hill slopes
footslopes
valley floors

Altitudinal zone:

0-100 m a.s.l.
101-500 m a.s.l.
501-1,000 m a.s.l.
1,001-1,500 m a.s.l.
1,501-2,000 m a.s.l.
2,001-2,500 m a.s.l.
2,501-3,000 m a.s.l.
3,001-4,000 m a.s.l.
> 4,000 m a.s.l.

Indicate if the Technology is specifically applied in:

not relevant

5.3 Soils

Soil depth on average:

very shallow (0-20 cm)
shallow (21-50 cm)
moderately deep (51-80 cm)
deep (81-120 cm)
very deep (> 120 cm)

Soil texture (topsoil):

medium (loamy, silty)

Soil texture (> 20 cm below surface):

medium (loamy, silty)

Topsoil organic matter:

medium (1-3%)

5.4 Water availability and quality

Ground water table:

5-50 m

Availability of surface water:

good

Water quality (untreated):

good drinking water

Is water salinity a problem?

Is flooding of the area occurring?

5.5 Biodiversity

Species diversity:

Habitat diversity:

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

Sedentary or nomadic:

Semi-nomadic

Market orientation of production system:

commercial/ market

Off-farm income:

10-50% of all income

Relative level of wealth:

average

Individuals or groups:

individual/ household

Level of mechanization:

manual work
animal traction

Gender:

women
men

Age of land users:

youth
middle-aged

5.7 Average area of land owned or leased by land users applying the Technology

< 0.5 ha
0.5-1 ha
1-2 ha
2-5 ha
5-15 ha
15-50 ha
50-100 ha
100-500 ha
500-1,000 ha
1,000-10,000 ha
> 10,000 ha

Is this considered small-, medium- or large-scale (referring to local context)?

medium-scale

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Land ownership:

state

Land use rights:

communal (organized)

Water use rights:

communal (organized)

5.9 Access to services and infrastructure

technical assistance:

poor
moderate
good

employment (e.g. off-farm):

poor
moderate
good

markets:

poor
moderate
good

energy:

poor
moderate
good

roads and transport:

poor
moderate
good

drinking water and sanitation:

poor
moderate
good

financial services:

poor
moderate
good

6. Impacts and concluding statements

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Socio-economic impacts

Production

crop production

decreased

increased

crop quality

decreased

increased

fodder production

decreased

increased

fodder quality

decreased

increased

animal production

decreased

increased

Ecological impacts

Soil

soil cover

reduced

improved

Biodiversity: vegetation, animals

Vegetation cover

decreased

increased

6.3 Exposure and sensitivity of the Technology to gradual climate change and climate-related extremes/ disasters (as perceived by land users)

Gradual climate change

	Season	Type of climatic change/ extreme	How does the Technology cope with it?
annual rainfall		increase	well
seasonal rainfall	summer	increase	well

Other climate-related consequences

	How does the Technology cope with it?
reduced growing period	well

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?

Short-term returns:

very positive

Long-term returns:

very positive

How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?

Short-term returns:

very positive

Long-term returns:

very positive

6.5 Adoption of the Technology

single cases/ experimental

View sections

1. General information

1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

Key resource person(s)

SLM specialist:

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

When were the data compiled (in the field)?

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

1.4 Declaration on sustainability of the described Technology

Is the Technology described here problematic with regard to land degradation, so that it cannot be declared a sustainable land management technology?

2. Description of the SLM Technology

2.3 Photos of the Technology

Media Gallery

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

Country:

2.6 Date of implementation

If precise year is not known, indicate approximate date:

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:

3. Classification of the SLM Technology

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Grazing land

Extensive grazing land:

Intensive grazing/ fodder production:

3.3 Further information about land use

Number of growing seasons per year:

3.4 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

3.5 Spread of the Technology

Specify the spread of the Technology:

If the Technology is evenly spread over an area, indicate approximate area covered:

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

agronomic measures

vegetative measures

structural measures

management measures

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

soil erosion by water

soil erosion by wind

chemical soil deterioration

physical soil deterioration

biological degradation

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:

4. Technical specifications, implementation activities, inputs, and costs

4.1 Technical drawing of the Technology

Date:

4.3 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

Specify how costs and inputs were calculated:

Specify currency used for cost calculations:

Indicate exchange rate from USD to local currency (if relevant): 1 USD =:

4.4 Establishment activities

4.5 Costs and inputs needed for establishment

4.6 Maintenance/ recurrent activities

4.7 Costs and inputs needed for maintenance/ recurrent activities (per year)

5. Natural and human environment

5.1 Climate

Annual rainfall

Agro-climatic zone

5.2 Topography

Slopes on average:

Landforms:

Altitudinal zone:

Indicate if the Technology is specifically applied in:

5.3 Soils

Soil depth on average:

Soil texture (topsoil):

Soil texture (> 20 cm below surface):

Topsoil organic matter:

5.4 Water availability and quality

Ground water table:

Availability of surface water:

Water quality (untreated):

Is water salinity a problem?

Is flooding of the area occurring?

5.5 Biodiversity

Species diversity:

Habitat diversity:

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

Sedentary or nomadic: