1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

{'additional_translations': {}, 'value': 1056, 'label': 'Name of project which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)', 'text': 'Para el mandato de backstopping para le programa gestion comunitaria de la cuenca de Rio Dipilto en Nicaragua (Gestion comunitaria - Nicaragua)', 'template': 'raw'} {'additional_translations': {}, 'value': 298, 'label': 'Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)', 'text': 'SDC Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation) - Switzerland', 'template': 'raw'} {'additional_translations': {}, 'value': 298, 'label': 'Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)', 'text': 'SDC Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation) - Switzerland', 'template': 'raw'}

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

1.4 Declaration on sustainability of the described Technology

Is the Technology described here problematic with regard to land degradation, so that it cannot be declared a sustainable land management technology?

No

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

Las barreras vivas consisten en hileras de material vegetativo, que se establecen en contra de la pendiente y sirven para la retención de suelo en pendientes pronunciadas.

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

Las barreras vivas se implementan en terrenos con pendientes pronunciadas y descubiertas de vegetación (susceptibles a la erosión). Está práctica contribuye a la retención de suelo, mantiene la humedad, reduce erosión hídrica, sirve como cortina rompeviento, como hospederos mejorando el hábitat. Se puede establecer con diferentes especies vegetativas propias de la zona que presenten características de buena adaptabilidad, resistencia a cambios de temperaturas, fenómenos climáticos como huracanes o seguías y el sistema radicular permite un buen anclaje en el suelo. Se recomienda no mezclar diferentes especies en una barrera viva con el objetivo de tener mayor uniformidad. Por ejemplo en la finca "El Árbol" ubicada en el municipio de Dipilto se utiliza como material vegetativo: Izote (Yucca gigantea), flor de avispa (Hibisco sp.), zacate de limón (Cymbopogon citratus), valeriana (Valeriana officinalis), bambú (Phyllostachys aurea) , pasto taiwán (Pennisetum purpureum) y caña de azúcar (Saccharum officinarum). Para el establecimiento de esta obra de conservación el primer paso es trazar las curvas a nivel en el terreno con ayuda de una herramienta conocida como aparato A, luego escoger el material vegetativo adaptado a la zona y proceder a establecerlo conforme al trazo de la curva a nivel. Los usuarios adoptan la tecnología de manera fácil ya que no requieren gastos mayores para adquirir el material vegetativo.

2.3 Photos of the Technology

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

2.6 Date of implementation

If precise year is not known, indicate approximate date:

• less than 10 years ago (recently)

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:

• through land users' innovation
• through projects/ external interventions

Comments (type of project, etc.):

La propietaria realiza esta obra de conservación desde un período de tres años que la adquirió.

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

• reduce, prevent, restore land degradation
• conserve ecosystem
• protect a watershed/ downstream areas – in combination with other Technologies
• reduce risk of disasters

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Land use mixed within the same land unit:

Yes

Specify mixed land use (crops/ grazing/ trees):

• Agroforestry

3.3 Has land use changed due to the implementation of the Technology?

Has land use changed due to the implementation of the Technology?

• No (Continue with question 3.4)

3.4 Water supply

Water supply for the land on which the Technology is applied:

• mixed rainfed-irrigated

3.5 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

• agroforestry
• improved ground/ vegetation cover
• ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:

• prevent land degradation
• restore/ rehabilitate severely degraded land

4.1 Technical drawing of the Technology

4.2 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

Specify how costs and inputs were calculated:

• per Technology unit

4.3 Establishment activities

	Activity	Timing (season)
1.	Limpieza del área.	Antes de la siembra de los cultivos anuales.
2.	Cálculo de pendiente.	Antes de la siembra de los cultivos anuales.
3.	Trazar lineas a nivel.	Antes de la siembra de los cultivos anuales.
4.	Ahoyado.	Antes de la siembra de los cultivos anuales.
5.	Siembra de material vegetativo.	Antes de la siembra de los cultivos anuales.

Comments:

Se recomienda establecer las barreras vivas en el último mes del período seco, en el caso de la zona de Dipilto corresponde al mes de abril .

4.4 Costs and inputs needed for establishment

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Labour		D/H	2.0	210.0	420.0	100.0
Equipment	machete		1.0	150.0	150.0	100.0
Equipment	piocha		1.0	350.0	350.0	100.0
Equipment	pala		1.0	280.0	280.0	100.0
Equipment	barra		1.0	750.0	750.0	100.0
Plant material	rastrillo		1.0	170.0	170.0	100.0
Plant material	azadón		1.0	200.0	200.0	100.0
Plant material	palin		1.0	270.0	270.0	100.0
Plant material	izote	estacas	25.0	5.0	125.0	100.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology					2715.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology in USD					2715.0

4.5 Maintenance/ recurrent activities

	Activity	Timing/ frequency
1.	Renovar vegetación	Anual
2.	Poda	Anual

Comments:

La poda es en dependencia del crecimiento del material vegetativo que se utilice.

4.6 Costs and inputs needed for maintenance/ recurrent activities (per year)

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Labour	Poda	D/H1	1.0	210.0	210.0	100.0
Equipment	Machete		1.0	150.0	150.0	100.0
Equipment	Palin		1.0	270.0	270.0	100.0
Equipment	Barra		1.0	750.0	750.0	100.0
Plant material	Estacas de izote	estacas	15.0	25.0	375.0	100.0
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology					1755.0
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology in USD					1755.0

5.1 Climate

5.2 Topography

Indicate if the Technology is specifically applied in:

• not relevant

5.3 Soils

5.4 Water availability and quality

Is water salinity a problem?

No

Is flooding of the area occurring?

No

Comments and further specifications on water quality and quantity:

Está cuenca se caracteriza por no contar con mantos de agua subterráneos.

5.5 Biodiversity

Comments and further specifications on biodiversity:

Por el avance de la frontera agrícola han extinguido algunas especies.

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

5.7 Average area of land used by land users applying the Technology

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Land ownership:

• individual, titled

Land use rights:

• individual

Water use rights:

• individual

Are land use rights based on a traditional legal system?

Yes

Specify:

Escritura privada

5.9 Access to services and infrastructure

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Ecological impacts

Soil

Biodiversity: vegetation, animals

Climate and disaster risk reduction

6.2 Off-site impacts the Technology has shown

6.3 Exposure and sensitivity of the Technology to gradual climate change and climate-related extremes/ disasters (as perceived by land users)

Gradual climate change

Gradual climate change

	Season	increase or decrease	How does the Technology cope with it?
annual temperature		increase	very well

Climate-related extremes (disasters)

Meteorological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
tropical storm	very well

Climatological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
heatwave	very well
drought	well

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?

How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?

6.5 Adoption of the Technology

• > 50%

Of all those who have adopted the Technology, how many did so spontaneously, i.e. without receiving any material incentives/ payments?

• 91-100%

6.6 Adaptation

Has the Technology been modified recently to adapt to changing conditions?

No

6.7 Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities of the Technology

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the land user’s view
Evita la erosión del suelo.
Mantiene humedad del suelo.
Sirven como cortinas rompevientos.

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
Práctica económica para el productor, porque se realiza con materiales de la unidad de producción.
Los resultados son a corto y largos plazos.
Contribuye a mejorar la estructura física del suelo.

6.8 Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks of the Technology and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view	How can they be overcome?
Que la finca no tenga el material vegetativo a establecerse y tenga que comprarlo.	Adquirirlo de otra propiedad y mantener diversidad de especie.

7.1 Methods/ sources of information

7.3 Links to relevant online information

Title/ description:

Barreras vivas INTA

URL:

http://www.inta.gob.ni/biblioteca/images/pdf/plegables/Brochure%20barreras%20vivas.pdf

Title/ description:

Barreras vivas FAO

URL:

http://coin.fao.org/coin-static/cms/media/10/13195641664990/barrerasfinal.pdf