Technologies

Ökologische Ausgleichsfläche [Switzerland]

Ökofläche

technologies_5839 - Switzerland

Completeness: 82%

1. General information

1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

Key resource person(s)

co-compiler:

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

1.4 Declaration on sustainability of the described Technology

Is the Technology described here problematic with regard to land degradation, so that it cannot be declared a sustainable land management technology?

Yes

2. Description of the SLM Technology

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

Die Ökologische Ausgleichsfläche darf nicht vor dem 15. Juni geschnitten werden. Der Landwirt nutzt die Wiesen mit zwei Schnitten als Futter

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

Der Landwirt bewirtschaftet in Gals eine ökologische Ausgleichsfläche. Diese Fläche darf er nicht vor dem 15. Juni mähen, um den Biodiversitätsauftrag zu erfüllen, für dessen er Direktzahlungen, eine Form von Subventionen, erhält. Danach wird er die Fläche zwei-Mal schneiden und das geschnittene Gras als Futter dem Rindvieh zur Verfügung stellen. Die Fläche wird schon seit rund 20 Jahren als ökologische Ausgleichsfläche bewirtschaftet. Sie ist ca. 0,8 Hektaren gross und mit dem Schopf, welcher sich ebenfalls auf der Parzelle befindet, auch relativ verwinkelt. Die Fläche dient daher ebenfalls als raumstrukturierendes Element. Der Boden hat einen hohen Anteil an organischer Substanz. Zudem ist er mit Ton versetzt und wirkt deshalb als «schwer». Dieser zur Bewirtschaftung nicht optimale Boden war auch ein Grund für die Auswahl des Standortes der Ökofläche. Zur Entwässerung sind Drainagen errichtet worden, welche die Nutzung dieser Flächen erst möglich machen

2.3 Photos of the Technology

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

Country:

Switzerland

Region/ State/ Province:

Bern

Further specification of location:

Gals BE

Specify the spread of the Technology:
  • evenly spread over an area
If the Technology is evenly spread over an area, specify area covered (in km2):

1.03

If precise area is not known, indicate approximate area covered:
  • < 0.1 km2 (10 ha)
Is/are the technology site(s) located in a permanently protected area?

No

2.6 Date of implementation

If precise year is not known, indicate approximate date:
  • 10-50 years ago

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:
  • through land users' innovation
  • as part of a traditional system (> 50 years)

3. Classification of the SLM Technology

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

  • reduce, prevent, restore land degradation
  • conserve ecosystem
  • preserve/ improve biodiversity

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Land use mixed within the same land unit:

No


Other

Other

Specify:

Ökologische Ausgleichsfläche

Remarks:

Gemäss den rechtlichen Bestimmungen darf das Gras nicht vor dem 15. Juni gemäht werden. Danach werden vom Landwirten zwei Schnitte gemacht. Das geschnittene Gras wird als Futter verwendet.

3.3 Has land use changed due to the implementation of the Technology?

Has land use changed due to the implementation of the Technology?
  • No (Continue with question 3.4)

3.4 Water supply

Water supply for the land on which the Technology is applied:
  • rainfed
Comments:

Drainage Systems

3.5 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

  • improved plant varieties/ animal breeds
  • water diversion and drainage
  • Ökologische Ausgleichsfläche

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

agronomic measures

agronomic measures

  • A1: Vegetation/ soil cover
  • A2: Organic matter/ soil fertility
  • A3: Soil surface treatment
  • A6: Residue management
A3: Differentiate tillage systems:

A 3.1: No tillage

A6: Specify residue management:

A 6.3: collected

vegetative measures

vegetative measures

  • V2: Grasses and perennial herbaceous plants
structural measures

structural measures

  • S3: Graded ditches, channels, waterways

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

chemical soil deterioration

chemical soil deterioration

  • Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content (not caused by erosion)
physical soil deterioration

physical soil deterioration

  • Pc: compaction
  • Ps: subsidence of organic soils, settling of soil

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:
  • adapt to land degradation

4. Technical specifications, implementation activities, inputs, and costs

4.1 Technical drawing of the Technology

Technical specifications (related to technical drawing):

Ökologische Ausgleichsfläche: 1.03ha
1. Schnitt: 15. Juni
Schnitte pro Jahr: 2
Neigung: 0°
Drainage: Ja
Bodenhorizontabfolge: T-C
T-Horizont: ca. 30 cm / Torf (>30% organisches Substanz)
C-Horizont: tonige Stauschicht, mit zunehmender Tiefe mehr Schluff
Bodentyp: Tbd

Author:

Aline Wicki / Julian Meier

Date:

30/10/2020

4.2 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

Specify how costs and inputs were calculated:
  • per Technology area
Indicate size and area unit:

1.03 Hektaren

other/ national currency (specify):

CHF

If relevant, indicate exchange rate from USD to local currency (e.g. 1 USD = 79.9 Brazilian Real): 1 USD =:

0.92

Indicate average wage cost of hired labour per day:

186

4.7 Most important factors affecting the costs

Describe the most determinate factors affecting the costs:

Es wurde für diesen Beschrieb keine Kostenrechnung vorgenommen, da ein Status-Quo beschrieben und keine Technologieveränderung vorgenommen wurde. Ausserdem lagen die Daten für die genaue Berechnung der Kosten für die Drainagen nicht vor.

5. Natural and human environment

5.1 Climate

Annual rainfall
  • < 250 mm
  • 251-500 mm
  • 501-750 mm
  • 751-1,000 mm
  • 1,001-1,500 mm
  • 1,501-2,000 mm
  • 2,001-3,000 mm
  • 3,001-4,000 mm
  • > 4,000 mm
Specify average annual rainfall (if known), in mm:

965.00

Specifications/ comments on rainfall:

Messwert 2019, Messtation Witzwil
Keine Saisonalität, 12-18 Regentage pro Monat

Indicate the name of the reference meteorological station considered:

Witzwil Meteo Schweiz

Agro-climatic zone
  • sub-humid

Durchschnittlich 7,4 Grad Celsius, min. 2 Grad Celsius (Januar), max. 23 Grad Celsius (Juli).

5.2 Topography

Slopes on average:
  • flat (0-2%)
  • gentle (3-5%)
  • moderate (6-10%)
  • rolling (11-15%)
  • hilly (16-30%)
  • steep (31-60%)
  • very steep (>60%)
Landforms:
  • plateau/plains
  • ridges
  • mountain slopes
  • hill slopes
  • footslopes
  • valley floors
Altitudinal zone:
  • 0-100 m a.s.l.
  • 101-500 m a.s.l.
  • 501-1,000 m a.s.l.
  • 1,001-1,500 m a.s.l.
  • 1,501-2,000 m a.s.l.
  • 2,001-2,500 m a.s.l.
  • 2,501-3,000 m a.s.l.
  • 3,001-4,000 m a.s.l.
  • > 4,000 m a.s.l.
Indicate if the Technology is specifically applied in:
  • not relevant

5.3 Soils

Soil depth on average:
  • very shallow (0-20 cm)
  • shallow (21-50 cm)
  • moderately deep (51-80 cm)
  • deep (81-120 cm)
  • very deep (> 120 cm)
Soil texture (topsoil):
  • medium (loamy, silty)
Soil texture (> 20 cm below surface):
  • medium (loamy, silty)
Topsoil organic matter:
  • high (>3%)

5.4 Water availability and quality

Ground water table:

< 5 m

Water quality (untreated):

poor drinking water (treatment required)

Water quality refers to:

surface water

Is water salinity a problem?

No

Is flooding of the area occurring?

No

5.5 Biodiversity

Species diversity:
  • medium
Habitat diversity:
  • medium

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

Sedentary or nomadic:
  • Sedentary
Market orientation of production system:
  • commercial/ market
Relative level of wealth:
  • average
Individuals or groups:
  • individual/ household
Level of mechanization:
  • mechanized/ motorized
Gender:
  • men
Age of land users:
  • middle-aged

5.7 Average area of land used by land users applying the Technology

  • < 0.5 ha
  • 0.5-1 ha
  • 1-2 ha
  • 2-5 ha
  • 5-15 ha
  • 15-50 ha
  • 50-100 ha
  • 100-500 ha
  • 500-1,000 ha
  • 1,000-10,000 ha
  • > 10,000 ha
Comments:

32 ha werden bewirtschaftet vom Landwirten: CH Durchschnitt: 20.5 Ha

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Land ownership:
  • communal/ village
  • individual, not titled
  • Flurpacht
Land use rights:
  • leased
  • individual
Water use rights:
  • communal (organized)
Are land use rights based on a traditional legal system?

Yes

Specify:

BV Artikel 26, Eigentumsrecht

5.9 Access to services and infrastructure

health:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
education:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
technical assistance:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
employment (e.g. off-farm):
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
markets:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
energy:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
roads and transport:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
drinking water and sanitation:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
financial services:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good

6. Impacts and concluding statements

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Socio-economic impacts

Production

crop production

decreased
increased

fodder production

decreased
increased

risk of production failure

increased
decreased

product diversity

decreased
increased

land management

hindered
simplified
Water availability and quality

irrigation water availability

decreased
increased

demand for irrigation water

increased
decreased
Income and costs

expenses on agricultural inputs

increased
decreased

farm income

decreased
increased

workload

increased
decreased

Ecological impacts

Water cycle/ runoff

excess water drainage

reduced
improved

evaporation

increased
decreased
Soil

soil cover

reduced
improved

soil loss

increased
decreased

soil compaction

increased
reduced

soil organic matter/ below ground C

decreased
increased
Biodiversity: vegetation, animals

Vegetation cover

decreased
increased

habitat diversity

decreased
increased

pest/ disease control

decreased
increased
Climate and disaster risk reduction

drought impacts

increased
decreased

impacts of cyclones, rain storms

increased
decreased

emission of carbon and greenhouse gases

increased
decreased

wind velocity

increased
decreased
Specify assessment of on-site impacts (measurements):

Wichtig: Da keine neuen Technologien in Rahmen dieses Projektes implementiert wurden, handelt es sich um einen Abgliech mit der durchschnittlichen Nutzung innerhalb eines 77,8 Hektaren grossen Perimeters in Gals BE. Die Einschätzungen erfolgten aufgrund von Beobachtungen im Feld, Bodenproben und Befragungen der Landwirte.

6.2 Off-site impacts the Technology has shown

water availability

decreased
increased

groundwater/ river pollution

increased
reduced

impact of greenhouse gases

increased
reduced
Specify assessment of off-site impacts (measurements):

Wichtig: Da keine neuen Technologien in Rahmen dieses Projektes implementiert wurden, handelt es sich um einen Abgliech mit der durchschnittlichen Nutzung innerhalb eines 77,8 Hektaren grossen Perimeters in Gals BE. Die Einschätzungen erfolgten aufgrund von Beobachtungen im Feld, Bodenproben und Befragungen der Landwirte.

6.3 Exposure and sensitivity of the Technology to gradual climate change and climate-related extremes/ disasters (as perceived by land users)

Gradual climate change

Gradual climate change
Season increase or decrease How does the Technology cope with it?
annual temperature increase moderately
seasonal temperature winter increase well
seasonal temperature spring increase well
seasonal temperature summer increase moderately
seasonal temperature autumn increase well

Climate-related extremes (disasters)

Meteorological disasters
How does the Technology cope with it?
local rainstorm moderately
Climatological disasters
How does the Technology cope with it?
heatwave moderately
drought moderately

Other climate-related consequences

Other climate-related consequences
How does the Technology cope with it?
extended growing period well

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?
Short-term returns:

negative

Long-term returns:

neutral/ balanced

How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?
Short-term returns:

neutral/ balanced

Long-term returns:

neutral/ balanced

6.5 Adoption of the Technology

  • 1-10%
Of all those who have adopted the Technology, how many did so spontaneously, i.e. without receiving any material incentives/ payments?
  • 11-50%

6.6 Adaptation

Has the Technology been modified recently to adapt to changing conditions?

No

6.7 Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities of the Technology

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the land user’s view
Raumstrukutierendes Element (Begradigung der nachfolgenden Parzelle für einfachere Bewirtschaftung)
Adaption an Bodeneigenschaften und Degradierung. Boden sei dort sehr "lehmig" und dadurch schwer zu bewirtschaften.
Futter Produktion
Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
Bodenschutz
Artenvielfalt (Biodiversität)
Weniger anfällig auf Wetterextreme

6.8 Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks of the Technology and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the land user’s view How can they be overcome?
Schwerer lehmiger Boden , schwer zu bearbeiten Weniger intensiv nutzen (Siehe Stärken Adaption an Voraussetzungen)
Häufig vernässt Nutzungsänderung (Wurde mit Ökologischer Ausgleichsfläche umgesetzt)
Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view How can they be overcome?
Nur wenig Einkommen aus der Futterproduktion mit zwei Schnitten Direktzahlungen des Bundes

7. References and links

7.1 Methods/ sources of information

  • field visits, field surveys

Daten aus dem BOVE-Projekt der HAFL
Feldbegehung im Sommer 2020

  • interviews with land users

Telefonische Auskünfte des Landwirten im Herbst 2020

  • compilation from reports and other existing documentation

Recherche

When were the data compiled (in the field)?

11/08/2020

7.2 References to available publications

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Wirz Set Handbücher, Agridea, 2020, ISBN: 978-3-7245-2369-7 (Handbuch Betrieb und Familie, Handbuch Pflanzen und Tiere)

Available from where? Costs?

44 CHF, Reinhard dt Verlag

7.3 Links to relevant online information

Title/ description:

Meteo Schweiz

URL:

https://www.meteoschweiz.admin.ch/home.html?tab=alarm

Title/ description:

Swisstopo

URL:

https://map.geo.admin.ch/?lang=de&topic=ech&bgLayer=ch.swisstopo.pixelkarte-farbe&layers=ch.swisstopo.zeitreihen,ch.bfs.gebaeude_wohnungs_register,ch.bav.haltestellen-oev,ch.swisstopo.swisstlm3d-wanderwege&layers_opacity=1,1,1,0.8&layers_visibility=false,false,false,false&layers_timestamp=18641231,,,&E=2570191.80&N=1209291.90&zoom=7.266143810225275

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