Food for work
(埃塞俄比亚)
描述
Food for work is an incentive given to land users for the activities they perform by participating in land management activities.
Aims / objectives: Food grain and edible oil at a rate of 3kg/day of grain and 200gm/day of oil is paid for an activity undertaken by a person. Land users who are selected to participate in the approach should be able bodied to undertake activities in land management and are paid the amount indicated for a given amount of work done according to the norm. A person is required to perform 10m/day soil bund to be paid the rate described above. Other activities have different norms. There are some land users who could do more than this and are entitled to be paid more according to the norm.
Methods: FFW's role in soil conservation work: 1. it has motivated the involvement of many farmers 2. Help alleviate food shortages 3. Enabled create assets 4. Strengthened the functioning of Kebele Administration. The approach was implemented through a project initiated in 1990 in the woreda. Problems addressed by the approach included: soil erosion, sever gully and land degradation, loss of cultivated lands, absence of legislations, shortage of fuel and construction material and grazing land shortages. The direct causes for the problems were identified to be overgrazing, vegetation clearing, steep slopes cultivation and poor agricultural practices. Main constraints hindering proper implementation of technologies included lack of community collaboration, lack of sense of ownership and shortage of trained extension workers.
地点
地点: Ana Limu, Hossana, Tigray, 埃塞俄比亚
启动日期: 1996
终止年份: 2003
方法的类型
方法目标和有利环境
该方法的主要目的/目标
The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (Pond construction, tree planting, development infrastructure.)
Rehabilitation of degraded land and planting trees on denuded slopes and hills: Protecting farmland from soil erosion and improving grazing lands and pasture for improved livestock feed production. The Specific targets are to improve crop and livestock productivity, reduce fuel and construction wood shortages, control farmland soil erosion, improve grazing conditions and increase livestock production, alleviate water shortages by developing springs and pond construction and provide access roads. Benefits obtained included: rehabilitated degraded lands; improved crop and livestock production.
The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: - to increase community participation, - to work quality activities, - to develop sense of ownership, soil erosion, deforestation.
推动实施本办法所应用技术的条件
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法律框架(土地使用权、土地和水使用权): The existing land ownership, land use rights / water rights moderately helped the approach implementation: There is use right of land.
阻碍实施本办法所应用技术的条件
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社会/文化/宗教规范和价值观: Poor farming practice, high no. of holidays
Treatment through the SLM Approach: Improve farming pracitice decrease no. of holidays.
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财务资源和服务的可用性/可得性: Shortage of budget for training & construction payment
Treatment through the SLM Approach: Budget supply
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法律框架(土地使用权、土地和水使用权): Free grazing
Treatment through the SLM Approach: Apply cut and carry system
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了解SLM,获得技术支持: Lack of knowledge
Treatment through the SLM Approach: Training (LLPPA training)
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其他: Lack of awarness (no maintenance)
Treatment through the SLM Approach: creation of awarness through meeting, training etc.
相关利益相关者的参与和角色
该方法涉及的利益相关者及其职责
该方法涉及哪些利益相关者/执行机构? |
指定利益相关者 |
说明利益相关者的角色 |
当地土地使用者/当地社区 |
LLPPA-Committee |
There is no clear demarkation between poor and very poor, so are the community are at equal level. |
教师/学龄儿童/学生 |
|
|
NGO |
WFP |
|
国家政府(规划者、决策者) |
MOA |
|
国际组织 |
WFP |
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Regional |
BOANR |
|
领导机构
Regional technical aspect of the approach national technical & methodology of the approach , International technical & methodology of the approach.
当地土地使用者/当地社区参与该方法的不同阶段
启动/动机
Mainly:LLPPA; partly: public meetings; At initial during the community meeting the SWC specialist create awarness
实施
responsibility for major steps; All the community members participate.
监测/评估
Mainly: measurements/observations; partly: reporting;
有关SLM技术选择的决策
决策是由......做出的
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仅限土地使用者(自主)
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主要是土地使用者,由SLM专家提供支持
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所有相关参与者,作为参与式方法的一部分
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主要是SLM专家,咨询土地使用者之后
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仅限SLM专家
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政治家和领袖
决策是基于
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对充分记录的SLM知识进行评估(基于证据的决策)
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研究结果
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个人经验和意见(无记录)
技术支持、能力建设和知识管理
以下活动或服务是该方法的一部分
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能力建设/培训
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咨询服务
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机构强化(组织发展)
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监测和评估
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研究
能力建设/培训
向以下利益相关者提供培训
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土地使用者
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现场工作人员/顾问
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politicians/decision makers
涵盖的主题
Method of planning, construction of different SWC activities.
咨询服务
Name of method used for advisory service: Government extension system; Key elements: Development agent, Production cadres, SWC specialists; 1) Advisory service was carried out through: government's existing extension system; Extension staff: mainly government employees 2) Target groups for extension: technicians/SWC specialists; Activities: Training of land users of development agents
Advisory service is very adequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; The government structure is up to grass root level so that is helps to continue the SWC activities.
监测和评估
bio-physical aspects were regular monitored through observations; indicators: physical achievements
socio-cultural aspects were monitored through observations; indicators: farmers' participation and acceptance
economic / production aspects were monitored through observations; indicators: results obtained
There were few changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: The method of training was supported by practical demonstration sites.
融资和外部物质支持
SLM组成部分的年度预算,以美元计算
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< 2,000
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2,000-10,000
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10,000-100,000
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100,000-1,000,000
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> 1,000,000
Precise annual budget: 不适用
Approach costs were met by the following donors: international (-): 80.0%; local community / land user(s): 20.0%
已向土地使用者提供以下服务或激励
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为土地使用者提供财政/物质支援
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特定投入的补贴
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信用
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其它激励或手段
为土地使用者提供财政/物质支援
土地使用者的劳动力为
影响分析和结论性陈述
方法的影响
该方法是否帮助土地使用者实施和维护SLM技术?
Maintenance of the structures & integrate with biologjical meaures.
Did other land users / projects adopt the Approach?
Other NGOs also apply the approach exg. world vision.
方法活动的可持续性
土地使用者能否维持通过该方法实施的措施(无外部支持的情况下)?
结论和吸取的教训
长处: 土地使用者的观点
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They get food and conserve their land (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Communities shoul work SWC activities on their own land individually.)
长处: 编制者或其他关键资源人员的观点
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It creats awarness and strengther local institutions (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: continue training)
弱点/缺点/风险: 土地使用者的观点如何克服
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It creates problem in farming
increate the spacing of the stractures on cultivated land.
弱点/缺点/风险: 编制者或其他关键资源人员的观点如何克服
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There is free grazing
area closure, cut and carry, maintain damaged SWC activities.
参考文献
实施日期: Jan. 21, 2009
上次更新: July 24, 2017
资源人
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Daniel Danano (dale.daniel@fao.org) - SLM专业人员
文件编制者
机构
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) - 意大利
项目