Incentive Based Local Level Participatory Planning Approach
(埃塞俄比亚)
描述
The approach involves, the use of incentives to motivate particpation of communities in the planning and implementation of SWC activities which improve land productivity and income.
Aims / objectives: The purpose is to tackle food shortages of the participating households in preventing and controlling soil erosion by conserving soil and water and through improving soil fertility, enhance the production and productivity of lands, which are aimed at improving the income of the communities and hence improving livlihoods. The specific objective of the approach is to enable each individual land user to be aware of land degradation problem and the use of SWC. . The approach includes discussion during general meetings on the concept, discussion of SWC specialist with community memebers, demonstration, and conducting training.
Stages of implementation: The stages of implementation include site selection, making participatory work plan, selection of participants, construction of structures and planting trees.
Role of stakeholders: Communities participate in palnning and management, implementation of the technology which consists of soil consrevation and stablizing of bunds by planting suitable plant species.
地点
地点: SNNPR, 埃塞俄比亚
启动日期: 1991
终止年份: 不适用
方法的类型
方法目标和有利环境
该方法的主要目的/目标
The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (Infrastructure development, water harvesting, income generating)
To allviate the problem of food insecurity and to rehabilitate the degraded lands by involving the communities in planning and implementaion of SWC activities.
The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: Land degradation, soil erosion, food insecurity and low soil fertility.
推动实施本办法所应用技术的条件
-
法律框架（土地使用权、土地和水使用权）: The existing land ownership, land use rights / water rights greatly helped the approach implementation: Land users understand that income generated from closure areas is of community, not of governement. This has encouraged the community to get more involved in conservation activities.
阻碍实施本办法所应用技术的条件
-
社会/文化/宗教规范和价值观: low participation of women due to religious reasons
Treatment through the SLM Approach: encourage women to do more SWC works by incentives
-
财务资源和服务的可用性/可得性: lack of hand tools and other operational costs
Treatment through the SLM Approach: provision of hand tools and alocate adequate finance
-
了解SLM，获得技术支持: Lack of knoweledge
Treatment through the SLM Approach: training, field visits and participatory involvement at all levels
相关利益相关者的参与和角色
该方法涉及的利益相关者及其职责
| 该方法涉及哪些利益相关者/执行机构？ |
指定利益相关者 |
说明利益相关者的角色 |
| 地方政府 |
|
|
| 国家政府（规划者、决策者） |
The MERET project |
|
| 国际组织 |
|
|
领导机构
The basic principles and steps for the methodology have been adopted from experience in other countries. This was adapted to local conditions with new elements added. National, regional and woreda specialists were involved in the process.
当地土地使用者/当地社区参与该方法的不同阶段
启动/动机
Mainly:public meetings; partly: interviews/questionnaires; At this stage public meeting is important to change land users attitudes.
计划
workshops/seminars, rapid/participatory rural appraisal
实施
Mainly: responsibility for major steps; partly: responsibility for minor steps; Proirity is given to highly degraded areas for treatment.
有关SLM技术选择的决策
决策是由......做出的
-
仅限土地使用者（自主）
-
主要是土地使用者，由SLM专家提供支持
-
所有相关参与者，作为参与式方法的一部分
-
主要是SLM专家，咨询土地使用者之后
-
仅限SLM专家
-
政治家和领袖
决策是基于
-
对充分记录的SLM知识进行评估（基于证据的决策）
-
研究结果
-
个人经验和意见（无记录）
技术支持、能力建设和知识管理
以下活动或服务是该方法的一部分
-
能力建设/培训
-
咨询服务
-
机构强化（组织发展）
-
监测和评估
-
研究
能力建设/培训
向以下利益相关者提供培训
-
土地使用者
-
现场工作人员/顾问
-
SWC specialists (1), extensionists/trainers (3)
涵盖的主题
Training on how to rehabilitate degraded lands by closing the area, laying out and constructing of physical and biological techniques to conserve soil and water and how to maintain them.
咨询服务
Name of method used for advisory service: Conventional extension package: Household package; Key elements: mass mobilization (regular extension package), group work (MERET), family labour (Household package); 1) Mainly: government's existing extension system, Partly: projects own extension structure and agent; Extension staff: mainly government employees 2) Target groups for extension: land users; Activities: implement soil and water conservation activites.
Advisory service is quite adequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; Awarness creation given to SWC specialists and land users, so that they will be able to practice SWC technologies. As a result, substantial amount of degraded land have been rehabilitated and made productive.
监测和评估
There were few changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: Following the recommendations made through the evaluation and monitoring work, some changes in the way technolologies and techniques have been applied could be changed / adjusted. Exmple: layout procedures standards, design and choice of techniques
研究
研究涉及以下主题
Practicing, recording and reporting of activities, achievements and impacts have been part of the work. Hence observations and trials on technologies have enabled the project to screen best practices and management techniques.
Research was carried out on-farm
融资和外部物质支持
SLM组成部分的年度预算，以美元计算
-
< 2,000
-
2,000-10,000
-
10,000-100,000
-
100,000-1,000,000
-
> 1,000,000
Precise annual budget: 不适用
Approach costs were met by the following donors: international (WFP): 80.0%; government (national): 20.0%
已向土地使用者提供以下服务或激励
-
为土地使用者提供财政/物质支援
-
特定投入的补贴
-
信用
-
其它激励或手段
为土地使用者提供财政/物质支援
设备: 机械
Motor cycles / transport facilities
土地使用者的劳动力为
影响分析和结论性陈述
方法的影响
该方法是否帮助土地使用者实施和维护SLM技术？
protection of soil erosion by improved methods, water is conserved in the soil by microbasins, flood hazard decreased by combined measures and soil fertility is increased using compost.
该方法是否改善了阻碍SLM技术实施的土地使用权/用户权问题？
The approach has promoted the sense of user rights of land users on assets /developments created/made such as the communiy forests, grass, terraced fields etc and they are aware that they are the ones to decide on the use of the assets developed.
Did other land users / projects adopt the Approach?
Land users have greatly adopted the methods and procedures of LLPPA to all development plans at villages, communities and Kebele levels. Similarly, many NGOs and government organizations have been using the LLPPA.
方法活动的可持续性
土地使用者能否维持通过该方法实施的措施（无外部支持的情况下）？
结论和吸取的教训
长处: 土地使用者的观点
-
Avoid individual contribution for different social works. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Improve the production per unit area of land.)
-
Availability of construction materials and feed for livestock increased. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Plant multipurpose tree and shrubs species.)
-
Environment rehabilitation and natural beauty of the area increased. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Improve micro and macro environment)
-
Increase production and productivity of land. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Plant multipurpose plant species.)
长处: 编制者或其他关键资源人员的观点
-
Degraded lands are rehabilitated (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Strengthening incentive based SWC approach)
-
Sustainable soil and water conservation practices are in place. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Increase training and follow-up)
-
Community has gained knowledge participating on local level planning. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: provide frequent traininng to planning teams from the community working with SWC specialists)
-
Additional income is generated from rehabilitated and closed areas. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Resource management responsibilities given to the community)
-
SWC technologies are adopted. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Close supervision and monitoring and evaluation to be further strengthened.)
弱点/缺点/风险: 土地使用者的观点如何克服
弱点/缺点/风险: 编制者或其他关键资源人员的观点如何克服
参考文献
实施日期: Jan. 22, 2009
上次更新: July 24, 2017
资源人
-
Philippe Zahner (philippe.zahner@deza.admin.ch) - SLM专业人员
文件编制者
机构
- Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (DEZA / COSUDE / DDC / SDC) - 瑞士
项目
