Local Level Participatory Planning Approach (LLPPA)
(埃塞俄比亚)
描述
It is food for work based participatory approach, by which the land users takes part in all stages of conservation planning, implementation and evaluation.
Aims / objectives: The overall purpose of the approach is to achieve better SWC through promotion of participation, Awarness creation, better organization and better planning. The specific objective of the approach is to provide solutions for Top down approach, to achieve better quality work, to achieve better participation, to achieve better planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation.
Methods: There are different methods involved in the approach, to mention some: Wealth ranking, Vulnerability assessment and mapping.
Stages of implementation: The stages of implementations are planning, implenentation, monitoring and evaluation.
Role of stakeholders: The roles of the participants are sharing their views and opinions on the resources management and they contribute the full labour required for the activities.
地点
地点: SNNPR, 埃塞俄比亚
启动日期: 1978
终止年份: 不适用
方法的类型
Organogram.
方法目标和有利环境
该方法的主要目的/目标
The Approach focused on SLM only
Facilitate better achievments of SWC through promotion of participation, awarness creation, better organization, training skill upgrading and better planing
The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: Topdown approach, poor participation and integration, poor planning, low quality of conservation activities and low level of awareness
阻碍实施本办法所应用技术的条件
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社会/文化/宗教规范和价值观: Low level of awarness, cultural taboos and poor participation (especially for women)
Treatment through the SLM Approach: Awarness creation activities have been promoted using different methods
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财务资源和服务的可用性/可得性: Lack of budget (for ttraining and petty cash)
Treatment through the SLM Approach: By project funding and through income generating activities
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机构设置: Office and staff shortage
Treatment through the SLM Approach: Enough staff should be recurited and offices should be constructed
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法律框架（土地使用权、土地和水使用权）: Absence of policies on the appropraite use of natural resources
Treatment through the SLM Approach: Proper polcy formulation
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了解SLM，获得技术支持: Shortage of skilled manpower and absence of educated farmer
Treatment through the SLM Approach: Short and long term training
相关利益相关者的参与和角色
该方法涉及的利益相关者及其职责
| 该方法涉及哪些利益相关者/执行机构？ |
指定利益相关者 |
说明利益相关者的角色 |
| 当地土地使用者/当地社区 |
Working land users were mainly men (The conservation activities like Bench Terraces are considered heavly and labourious and mainly done by men whereas nursery activities are equally divided) |
Local traditional men are considered as hard worker and labourious SWC activities are mainly done by men. Tedious works like bench terraces, ridge and basin etc. are mainly done by men. Less tedious activities like pitting, potting and planting are done by women and men equally. Farmers with very small land holdings participate during general LLPPA meetings |
| 国家政府（规划者、决策者） |
Ministry of Agriculture |
|
| 国际组织 |
WFP (World Food Programme) |
|
领导机构
The National and international SWC specialists together modified the minimum planning approach to LLPPA
当地土地使用者/当地社区参与该方法的不同阶段
启动/动机
Mainly:LLPPA; partly: public meetings
计划
Mainly: LLPPA; partly: public meetings
实施
responsibility for major steps
有关SLM技术选择的决策
决策是由......做出的
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仅限土地使用者（自主）
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主要是土地使用者，由SLM专家提供支持
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所有相关参与者，作为参与式方法的一部分
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主要是SLM专家，咨询土地使用者之后
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仅限SLM专家
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政治家和领袖
决策是基于
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对充分记录的SLM知识进行评估（基于证据的决策）
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研究结果
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个人经验和意见（无记录）
技术支持、能力建设和知识管理
以下活动或服务是该方法的一部分
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能力建设/培训
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咨询服务
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机构强化（组织发展）
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监测和评估
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研究
能力建设/培训
向以下利益相关者提供培训
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土地使用者
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现场工作人员/顾问
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SWC specialists
涵盖的主题
Planning, skill upgrading and technical training on SWC
咨询服务
1) Advisory service was carried out through: government's existing extension system; Extension staff: mainly government employees
Advisory service is inadequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; in relation to SWC the extension is weak and it is crop biased
监测和评估
bio-physical aspects were ad hoc monitored through observations
technical aspects were regular monitored through measurements
socio-cultural aspects were ad hoc monitored through observations
area treated aspects were monitored through observations
no. of land users involved aspects were monitored through measurements
There were several changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: As a result of monitoring and evaluation the quality of work improved. Exotic SWC techniques which fits to the local conditions has been incorporated.
融资和外部物质支持
SLM组成部分的年度预算，以美元计算
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< 2,000
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2,000-10,000
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10,000-100,000
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100,000-1,000,000
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> 1,000,000
Precise annual budget: 不适用
Approach costs were met by the following donors: international (UN-FFW Ethiopia): 70.0%; government (national Ethiopian Government): 30.0%
已向土地使用者提供以下服务或激励
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为土地使用者提供财政/物质支援
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特定投入的补贴
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信用
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其它激励或手段
为土地使用者提供财政/物质支援
土地使用者的劳动力为
影响分析和结论性陈述
方法的影响
该方法是否帮助土地使用者实施和维护SLM技术？
modified the traditional one to fit into the modern ones.
该方法是否改善了阻碍SLM技术实施的土地使用权/用户权问题？
Did other land users / projects adopt the Approach?
方法活动的可持续性
土地使用者能否维持通过该方法实施的措施（无外部支持的情况下）？
结论和吸取的教训
长处: 土地使用者的观点
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Better acess to decision making (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: By empowering)
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Skill upgrading (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: more training)
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FFW incentive
长处: 编制者或其他关键资源人员的观点
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Participatory nature (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: By further empowering the local community)
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Capacity builiding efforts (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: By giving more training and skill upgrading)
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Awarness raising (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: By giving more training and skill upgrading)
弱点/缺点/风险: 土地使用者的观点如何克服
弱点/缺点/风险: 编制者或其他关键资源人员的观点如何克服
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FFW orientation
Gradually decreasing the food aid by increasing the productivity and self help activities
参考文献
实施日期: Jan. 22, 2009
上次更新: July 24, 2017
资源人
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Philippe Zahner (philippe.zahner@deza.admin.ch) - SLM专业人员
文件编制者
机构
- Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (DEZA / COSUDE / DDC / SDC) - 瑞士
项目
