A drip system irrigating bitter gourd seedlings - seedlings are generally transplanted in February-March when water availability is low (PARDYP)
Drip irrigation is a very water-efficient irrigation system. Water is dripped to individual plant root zones at low rates (2.25 l/hr) from emitters embedded in small diameter plastic pipes.
Farmers in the Jhikhu Khola watershed, Nepal, suffer from a shortage of water for irrigation between the end of one monsoon (June to September) and the next pre-monsoon period (May). This seriously limits agricultural production and leads to much land being left fallow after the monsoon crops have been harvested. Only a small area is planted with winter crops. The sources of irrigation water (such as rivers, and streams) are limited and the amount of water they provide is inadequate for cropping. Most of the sources remain dry outside the monsoon. Farmers expend considerable time and labour gathering what water they can to irrigate their crops. Low cost drip irrigation (LCDI) has been introduced in the watershed as a cost effective way of making the best use of the limited available water.
The cropping pattern of this area sees pre-monsoon vegetables established in February and March and winter vegetables in September and October. The low cost drip irrigation sets are installed while the fields are being prepared by ploughing, levelling, and ridging. Lateral pipes (12m long) are laid along the ridges which lie 1.5m apart. A wooden platform with storage tank is installed and connected to the lateral pipes. After the lateral pipes are laid out, planting holes are dug along the ridges spaced to coincide with the drip holes. These holes are usually set every 0.6 or 1.2m along the pipes depending on the crop. Farmyard manure and chemical fertiliser is placed in each pit and mixed well with the soil. Next, vegetable seedlings are planted in each hole and daily drip watering begins. Bitter gourd is the most commonly grown crop followed by cauliflower. Irrigation water is generally applied either in the morning or the evening. If needed, stakes are placed next to each plant a week later to allow the plants to climb. The climber crops like bitter gourd are netted one month after planting to provide more space for fruiting. Harvesting starts in mid-May and continues until September. Farmers maintain the system by repairing leaks in the pipe joints and by unblocking blocked drip holes.
地点: Kavepalanchowk/Jhikhu Khola watershed, Bagmati zone, 尼泊尔
分析的技术场所数量:
技术传播: 均匀地分布在一个区域 (approx. < 0.1 平方千米（10 公顷）)
在永久保护区？:
实施日期: 不到10年前（最近）
介绍类型
| 对投入进行具体说明 | 单位 | 数量 | 单位成本 (美元) | 每项投入的总成本 (美元) | 土地使用者承担的成本% |
| 劳动力 | |||||
| Labour | Persons/day | 1.0 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 100.0 |
| 设备 | |||||
| Drip set | unit | 1.0 | 25.8 | 25.8 | |
| 技术建立所需总成本 | 28.6 | ||||
| 技术建立总成本，美元 | 28.6 | ||||
| 对投入进行具体说明 | 单位 | 数量 | 单位成本 (美元) | 每项投入的总成本 (美元) | 土地使用者承担的成本% |
| 劳动力 | |||||
| Cleaning drip holes | Persons/day | 1.43 | 2.8 | 4.0 | 100.0 |
| 设备 | |||||
| Replacing damaged parts | unit | 1.0 | 300.0 | 300.0 | 100.0 |
| 技术维护所需总成本 | 304.0 | ||||
| 技术维护总成本，美元 | 304.0 | ||||
Reduced cost and time for irrigation and applying fertiliser
extra income (US$ 700/ha) due to early
time for irrigation and fertigation reduced, but cropping area increased due to the technology; this increases the workload of women around 0-5%
increased no. of drip users
land users become familiar
Fallow land used for vegetable production; more income for households.
Reduction of water loses through evaporation , percolation
due to applying water directly to plants’
due to slow and precise delivery of water into the soil
majority of farmers grow bitter gourd followed by cauliflower
few farmers abandon the drips
there should be provision to get drip sets locally. Presently, every farmer has to approach PARDYP project
less water used to irrigate crops making more
Spread of the system could lead to increased upstream water
