Vegetation cover management on an organic, mixed livestock-crop farm (法国)

物种多样性

• 高
• 中等
• 低

栖息地多样性

• 高
• 中等
• 低

采用该技术的地区内土地使用者的百分比

• 单例/实验
• 1-10%
• 11-50%
• > 50%

在所有采用这种技术的人当中，有多少人在没有获得物质奖励的情况下采用了这种技术?

• 0-10%
• 11-50%
• 51-90%
• 91-100%

长处: 土地使用者的观点

• Sustain ecosystem health: no pest and disease problems, good herd health.
• Carbon sequestration by enrichment of the soil with organic matter and by the work of earthworms favouring ecosystem functioning.
• Protection of the soil and surface biodiversity because of maintained plant cover.
• Increased weed control due to plant canopies and fertilisation effect of green manure.
• Planted cover crops used as livestock feed during winter.
• Sustained ecosystem integrity reduces/counters ecosystem degradation by using multiple ecosystem functions: Complementarity, Continuity of soil life, Green fertilizer essential in the farming system, Feeding the livestock.

长处: 编制者或其他关键资源人员的观点

• Multi-species cover is conducive to soil quality: production of a high above-ground and root biomass that promotes soil life, soil structuring at depth (tap roots) and on the surface (superficial roots) by the effect of organic matter inputs.
• Multi-species cover provides shelter and cover for small fauna: seeds for the winter survival of the fauna, plants that are tiered at different heights without being too dense for wild game to move around while being protected.
• The different families that can be planted under cover are:
  - Grasses are generally easy to grow and are valued by animals (oats, rye and sorghum).
  - Leguminous plants improve the performance of cover crops. They are regulating plants that trap nitrogen and fix it in the soil. This is then used by the crop that follows.
  - Cruciferous plants are to be reserved for cereal rotations without rapeseed or vegetables.
  - Compounds (nyger and sunflower) are interesting for biomass production.
• Well-developed canopies have a competitive effect against weeds (germination inhibition, smothering, allelopathy). The aim is to have a rapidly developing canopy. It is necessary to limit the risks of shot blasting by sowing the canopy on clean soil, especially for early sowing (especially for short-cycle weeds: ragwort, bluegrass, Persian speedwell).
  
  Some species have allelopathic effects, i.e. they secrete inhibiting substances (the intensity of the allelopathic effect is taken from the Sem-Partners catalogue, see bibliography):
  - Diploid oats: allelopathic effect not demonstrated. Little is known about the mechanisms and molecules involved.
  - Spring Oats, Fenugreek, Gesse, Moha : average allelopathic effect, mechanisms and molecules involved are not well known.
  - Camelina, Radish: strong allelopathic effect (glucosinolates).
  - Winter mustard, Spring mustard: action of glucosinolates against nematodes (Heterodera Schaati and Meloidogyne chitwoodi) in biofumigation.
  - Buckwheat (Sarrazin): strong allelopathic effect. Little is known about the mechanisms and molecules involved.
• A plant cover provides additional fodder, 3 to 4 tonnes of dry matter can be produced depending on the species and sowing date.