最佳实践的简短描述

Pani-kholsi is a degraded micro-catchment of foot hills of the Chure region.  Due to loss of vegetation and fragile geological condition of the catchment a huge quantity of soil were being eroded to the downstream annually. The settlements in the upstream were highly vulnerable due to gully and landslides and downstream communities were vulnerable by flash flood, river/stream bed rising, and sedimentation, that affected the agricultural land, settlement and infrastructure. Most of cultivated land areas along the river/stream were converted to the unproductive and sandy area due to stream bank cutting and debris deposition by the stream.
The District Soil Conservation Office under the Department of Soil Conservation and Watershed Management in partnership with local community has designed the technology for the rehabilitation of land since 1995. The activities implemented were;
•Series of gabion and dry-stone check dams construction in highly risky area
•Contour ditches and trenches all over the degraded area
•Forest and fruit tree plantation based on the site condition
•Bamboo, Fodder and grass plantation.
•Bamboo shaft witling and cutting plantation  
•Construction of proper and safe drainage system
•Thinning and pruning in time to time
•A watch man for the take care of conservation works
After 10 years of rehabilitation works, the area of micro-catchment became protected and more than 1000 households of upstream and down-stream of this catchment were saved from the hazard of landslides, gully and flash floods. Presently the user group are actively managing the catchment and utilizing the forest products systematic manner.

地点

Panikholsi, Bardibans VDC-4, Mahottari District, Nepal

指定地点内的自然环境简介。

Sub tropical climate with maximum temperature is 370C and minimum temperature is 2.60C and average annual rainfall nearby this location is 1841.1 mm
Chure hill is formed by the classic fluvial and terrestrial sedimentary rocks and varies from clay stone, sandstone to conglomerates with the soils of sandy-clay, silts and pebbles. The geological units of Pani kholsi Micro-catchment is falls under the middle Siwalik.
Located in the bottom of Chure hills with the slopes of 10-20 percent. Panikholsi micro-catchment is directed to south west aspect with the altitude ranges from 410 - 500 meter from mean sea level.

居住在该地点及/或附近居民的普遍社会经济状况

The income level of this community is below the national average due to traditional rain fed agricultural practices and subsistence livestock farming.
The total number of household in this Pani-kholsi micro-catchment is 415 and average size of the family is 6 people per family with a total population of 2492 (Census 2001). The main occupations of these families are agriculture and only few do business as shop keeper. The literacy rate of the residents is only 66 percent. Presently the secondar
An average land holding of each family is 0.5ha, with the private ownerships and land use right.  
Agriculture is the main sources of income for the majority of farmers in this micro-catchment area. Except the agriculture, they are getting the income from cash crops i.e. vegetable, fruits and forest product.

根据哪些标准和/或指标（与战略无关），在确定建议的实践和相应的技术是否被认为是“最佳”时，应该基于哪些标准和/或指标（与战略无关）？

Panikholsi micro-catchment rehabilitation is a best practice for the degraded catchment rehabilitation because it rehabilitated the land and converted highly degraded land into the dense forest within the period of 12 years. This best practice also created oncome for local community by selling forest products and livestock raising due to increased biomass production. At the same time, the level of confidence on technology and the level of awareness on people have been increased for the replication of technology in the locality.

最佳实践解决的主要问题

Rehabilitation of degraded land through micro-catchment treatment activities

概述最佳实践解决的具体土地退化问题

The catchment of more than 300 hectares of sloppy land was degraded due to removal of vegetation that accelerated soil erosion, gulling and landslides. Deforestation happened due to uncontrolled cutting of forest. The lands of this catchment became unproductive and the settlements around the catchment and downstream became highly vulnerable due to the risks of landslides, gullies, stream bank cutting, flood and sedimentation.
After implementation of the program of micro-catchment rehabilitation, this area is reclaimed and controlled the soil loss and river bed rising, flooding to the settlements and cultivated lands and created an income generation opportunities to the local community.

具体说明最佳实践的目标

The main objectives of best practices are;
1.Rehabilitation of degraded land.
2.Control of landslides, gully and stream bank cutting, and degraded land rehabilitation,
3.Reduce soil loss from degraded land and reduce sedimentation in river and reduce incidence of flooding to the settlements.
4.Creation of opportunity for the income generation for the local people.  

按目标对主要活动进行简要的描述

Rehabilitation of catchment by applying different techniques like landslides treatment, gully control through check dam, stream bank protection,
Protect water source, and construction of runoff harvesting dams etc.
Control the soil erosion from the degraded catchment
Reduce vulnerability of sedimentation, river bed rising, and control of flood to the settlements and stream bank cutting.  
Income generation for the local people through watershed protection

本技术的简要说明和技术规范

This best practice involves treatment of micro-watershed through the application of integrated watershed management practices.

技术开发机构的名称和地址

District Soil Conservation Office Mahottari under the Department of Soil Conservation and Watershed Management , Nepal|District Soil Conservation Office Mahottari, Bardibans, Mahottari District, Nepal

这项技术是合作开发的吗?

否

具体说明该技术推广的框架

• 地方自主性
• 国家倡议——政府主导

当地利益相关者（包括CSO）的参与是否促进了技术的开发？

是

列出涉及的当地利益相关者:

Local community groups

对于上面列出的利益相关者，说明他们在该技术的设计、引入、使用和维护（如果有的话）中的角色。

1. Collection of local materials used check-dam construction
2. Earthwork excavation for construction
3. Surface grass plantation
4. Fruit tree/fodder tree plantation

居住在该地区和/或附近的居民是否参与了该技术的开发？

是

通过什么手段？:

• 咨询
• 参与途径

描述现场影响（按类别划分的两类主要影响）

Increased milk and meat production due to increment of biomass production.
1. Greenery promotion through the development of vegetation
2. Increases the soil moisture and soil fertility
Improvement of water sources and extended the household water supply
1. Timber, firewood, grass and fodder production
2. Cash income by selling the bamboo cane
3. Additional income from the sale of bamboo, fruits and fish from the conservation pond.
1. Soil conservation and greenery development
2. Increases the water sources for the downstream users
1. Control the soil loss and land degradation
2. Promote the greenery with increases the biodiversity
1. Increase the household income by selling the forest products
2. community felt safety from the risk of natural disaster

描述两个主要的场外影响（即不是发生在现场，而是发生在周围区域）

1. Degraded microcatchment rehabilitation in Dahalni kholsi, Maisthan VDC -4, Mahottari district
Degraded micro-catchment rehabilitation in Hawaldarni kholsi, Khayarmara VDC-9, Mahottari district.

对生物多样性和气候变化的影响

解释原因:

This best practice is very much compatible to lower down gthe impact of climate change in the local level mainly through increased biomass from grass and tree plantation, conservation of productive soil and reducing the risk of flood, sedimentation and damage of agricultural land and infrastructure protection in the downstream area. Other positive impact is increased agriculture production that secures food security of local people. Planting of fodder, grass, tree species and fruit in the community land and vegetable and cash crops are farming reduce farmers vulnerability to climate change impact.

是否进行了成本效益分析？

是否进行了成本效益分析？:

否

该技术是否传播/引进到其他地方？

该技术是否传播/引进到其他地方？:

是

传播/引进到哪里？:

In other 50 districts in nepal

是否提供了促进采用该技术的奖励措施？

是否提供了促进采用该技术的奖励措施？:

是

具体说明激励的类型:

• 财务激励（例如优惠利率、国家援助、补贴、现金补助、贷款担保等）
• 财政激励（例如免税或减税、关税、费用等）

您能否确定目前最佳实践/技术成功的三个主要条件？

Community participation and support from government office
Motivation among local community and government staffs

可复制性

在您看来，您所提出的最佳实践/技术可以复制到其他地方，尽管有一定程度的适应？:

是

适应程度如何？:

• 地方
• 次国家
• 国家
• 区域

人力资源相关

1.Active participation and involvement of local community is necessary from the planning to the implementation and monitoring
2.All the member of community should be given an opportunity to participate in decision making and access to benefits.

与技术方面有关

Technology of rehabilitation should be easily replicable.
Locally people needs to be trained for implementation of the activities